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Articles 61 - 82 of 82
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fast Radio Bursts As Strong Waves Interacting With The Ambient Medium, Yuan-Pei Yang, Bing Zhang
Fast Radio Bursts As Strong Waves Interacting With The Ambient Medium, Yuan-Pei Yang, Bing Zhang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious radio transients whose physical origin is still unknown. Within a few astronomical units near an FRB source, the electric field of the electromagnetic wave is so large that the electron oscillation velocity becomes relativistic, which makes the classical Thomson scattering theory and the linear plasma theory invalid. We discuss FRBs as strong waves interacting with the ambient medium, in terms of both electron motion properties and plasma properties. Several novel features are identified. (1) The cross section of Thomson scattering is significantly enhanced for the scattering photons. (2) On the other hand, because of …
On The Frb Luminosity Function – – Ii. Event Rate Density, Rui Luo, Yunpeng Men, Kejia Lee, Weiyang Wang, D. R. Lorimer, Bing Zhang
On The Frb Luminosity Function – – Ii. Event Rate Density, Rui Luo, Yunpeng Men, Kejia Lee, Weiyang Wang, D. R. Lorimer, Bing Zhang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
The luminosity function of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), defined as the event rate per unit cosmic co-moving volume per unit luminosity, may help to reveal the possible origins of FRBs and design the optimal searching strategy. With the Bayesian modelling, we measure the FRB luminosity function using 46 known FRBs. Our Bayesian framework self-consistently models the selection effects, including the survey sensitivity, the telescope beam response, and the electron distributions from Milky Way/ the host galaxy/ local environment of FRBs. Different from the previous companion paper, we pay attention to the FRB event rate density and model the event counts …
Testing The Hypothesis Of Compact-Binary-Coalescence Origin Of Fast Radio Bursts Using A Multimessenger Approach, Min-Hao Wang, Shun-Ke Ai, Zheng-Xiang Li, Nan Xing, He Gao, Bing Zhang
Testing The Hypothesis Of Compact-Binary-Coalescence Origin Of Fast Radio Bursts Using A Multimessenger Approach, Min-Hao Wang, Shun-Ke Ai, Zheng-Xiang Li, Nan Xing, He Gao, Bing Zhang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
In the literature, compact binary coalescences (CBCs) have been proposed as one of the main scenarios to explain the origin of some non-repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). The large discrepancy between the FRB and CBC event rate densities suggests that their associations, if any, should only apply at most for a small fraction of FRBs. Through a Bayesian estimation method, we show how a statistical analysis of the coincident associations of FRBs with CBC gravitational wave (GW) events may test the hypothesis of these associations. We show that during the operation period of the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO), …
High Dielectric Ternary Oxides From Crystal Structure Prediction And High-Throughput Screening, Jingyu Qu, David Zagaceta, Weiwei Zhang, Qiang Zhu
High Dielectric Ternary Oxides From Crystal Structure Prediction And High-Throughput Screening, Jingyu Qu, David Zagaceta, Weiwei Zhang, Qiang Zhu
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
The development of new high dielectric materials is essential for advancement in modern electronics. Oxides are generally regarded as the most promising class of high dielectric materials for industrial applications as they possess both high dielectric constants and large band gaps. Most previous researches on high dielectrics were limited to already known materials. In this study, we conducted an extensive search for high dielectrics over a set of ternary oxides by combining crystal structure prediction and density functional perturbation theory calculations. From this search, we adopted multiple stage screening to identify 441 new low-energy high dielectric materials. Among these materials, …
Thermal Analysis, Compressibility, And Decomposition Of Synthetic Bastnäsite-(La) To Lanthanum Oxyfluoride, Richard L. Rowland, Barbara Lavina, Kathleen E. Vander Kadeen, Lisa R. Danielson, Pamela C. Burnely
Thermal Analysis, Compressibility, And Decomposition Of Synthetic Bastnäsite-(La) To Lanthanum Oxyfluoride, Richard L. Rowland, Barbara Lavina, Kathleen E. Vander Kadeen, Lisa R. Danielson, Pamela C. Burnely
Geoscience Faculty Research
Understanding basic material properties of rare earth element (REE) bearing minerals such as their phase stability and equations of state can assist in understanding how economically viable deposits might form. Bastnäsite is the most commonly mined REE bearing mineral. We synthesized the lanthanum-fluoride end member, bastnäsite-(La) (LaCO3F), and investigated its thermal behavior and decomposition products from 298 K to 1173 K under ambient pressure conditions through thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, evolved gas analysis, and high temperature powder X-ray diffraction. We also investigated the compressibility of bastnäsite-(La) via single crystal X-ray diffraction in diamond anvil cells at an ambient temperature …
Fast Radio Bursts From Interacting Binary Neutron Star Systems, Bing Zhang
Fast Radio Bursts From Interacting Binary Neutron Star Systems, Bing Zhang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
Recent observations of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) suggest that some FRBs reside in an environment consistent with that of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. The bursting rate for repeaters could be very high and the emission site is likely from a magnetosphere. We discuss a hypothesis of producing abundant repeating FRBs in BNS systems. Decades to centuries before a BNS system coalesces, the magnetospheres of the two neutron stars start to interact relentlessly. Abrupt magnetic reconnection accelerates particles, which emit coherent radio waves in bunches via curvature radiation. FRBs are detected as these bright radiation beams point toward Earth. …
Asteroid Belt Survival Through Stellar Evolution: Dependence On The Stellar Mass, Rebecca G. Martin, Mario Livio, Jeremy L. Smallwood, Cheng Chen
Asteroid Belt Survival Through Stellar Evolution: Dependence On The Stellar Mass, Rebecca G. Martin, Mario Livio, Jeremy L. Smallwood, Cheng Chen
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
Polluted white dwarfs are generally accreting terrestrial-like material that may originate from a debris belt like the asteroid belt in the Solar system. ... See full text for complete abstract.
The Effects Of Disc Self-Gravity And Radiative Cooling On The Formation Of Gaps And Spirals By Young Planets, Shangjia Zhang, Zhaohuan Zhu
The Effects Of Disc Self-Gravity And Radiative Cooling On The Formation Of Gaps And Spirals By Young Planets, Shangjia Zhang, Zhaohuan Zhu
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
We have carried out 2D hydrodynamical simulations to study the effects of disc self-gravity and radiative cooling on the formation of gaps and spirals. (1) With disc self-gravity included, we find stronger, more tightly wound spirals and deeper gaps in more massive discs. The deeper gaps are due to the larger Angular Momentum Flux (AMF) of the waves excited in more massive discs, as expected from the linear theory. The position of the secondary gap does not change, provided that the disc is not extremely massive (Q ≳ 2). (2) With radiative cooling included, the excited spirals become monotonically more …
Initiation Of A Stable Convective Hydroclimatic Regime In Central America Circa 9000 Years Bp, Amos Winter, Davide Zanchettin, Matthew Lachniet, Rolf Vieten, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Thomas Miller, Sara Rubinetti, Angelo Rubino, Carla Taricco
Initiation Of A Stable Convective Hydroclimatic Regime In Central America Circa 9000 Years Bp, Amos Winter, Davide Zanchettin, Matthew Lachniet, Rolf Vieten, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Thomas Miller, Sara Rubinetti, Angelo Rubino, Carla Taricco
Geoscience Faculty Research
Many Holocene hydroclimate records show rainfall changes that vary with local orbital insolation. However, some tropical regions display rainfall evolution that differs from gradual precessional pacing, suggesting that direct rainfall forcing effects were predominantly driven by sea-surface temperature thresholds or inter-ocean temperature gradients. Here we present a 12,000 yr continuous U/Th-dated precipitation record from a Guatemalan speleothem showing that Central American rainfall increased within a 2000 yr period from a persistently dry state to an active convective regime at 9000 yr BP and has remained strong thereafter. Our data suggest that the Holocene evolution of Central American rainfall was driven …
Effects Of Opacity Temperature Dependence On Radiatively Accelerated Clouds, Sergei Dyda, Daniel Proga, Christopher S. Reynolds
Effects Of Opacity Temperature Dependence On Radiatively Accelerated Clouds, Sergei Dyda, Daniel Proga, Christopher S. Reynolds
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
We study how different opacity–temperature scalings affect the dynamical evolution of irradiated gas clouds using time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. When clouds are optically thick, the bright side heats up and expands, accelerating the cloud via the rocket effect. Clouds that become more optically thick as they heat accelerate ∼35 per cent faster than clouds that become optically thin. An enhancement of ∼85 per cent in the acceleration can be achieved by having a broken power-law opacity profile, which allows the evaporating gas driving the cloud to become optically thin and not attenuate the driving radiation flux. We find that up to …
The Impact Of Advanced Treatment Technologies On The Engery Use In Satellite Water Reuse Plants, Jonathan R. Bailey, Sajjad Ahmad, Jacimaria Batista
The Impact Of Advanced Treatment Technologies On The Engery Use In Satellite Water Reuse Plants, Jonathan R. Bailey, Sajjad Ahmad, Jacimaria Batista
Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research
With an ever-increasing world population and the resulting increase in industrialization and agricultural practices, depletion of one of the world’s most important natural resources, water, is inevitable. Water reclamation and reuse is the key to protecting this natural resource. Water reclamation using smaller decentralized wastewater treatment plants, known as satellite water reuse plants (WRP), has become popular in the last decade. Reuse plants have stricter standards for effluent quality and require a smaller land footprint (i.e., real estate area). They also require additional treatment processes and advanced treatment technologies. This greatly increases the energy consumption of an already energy intensive …
Resolving The Fu Orionis System With Alma: Interacting Twin Disks?, Sebastian Perez, Antonio Hales, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Zhaohuan Zhu, Simon Casassus, Jonathan Williams, Alice Zurlo, Nicolas Cuello, Lucas Cieza, David Principe
Resolving The Fu Orionis System With Alma: Interacting Twin Disks?, Sebastian Perez, Antonio Hales, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Zhaohuan Zhu, Simon Casassus, Jonathan Williams, Alice Zurlo, Nicolas Cuello, Lucas Cieza, David Principe
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
FU Orionis objects are low-mass pre-main sequence stars characterized by dramatic outbursts several magnitudes in brightness. These outbursts are linked to episodic accretion events in which stars gain a significant portion of their mass. The physical processes behind these accretion events are not yet well understood. The archetypal FU Ori system, FU Orionis, is composed of two young stars with detected gas and dust emission. The continuum emitting regions have not been resolved until now. Here, we present 1.3 mm observations of the FU Ori binary system using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The disks are resolved at 40 mas …
Mass Determinations Of The Three Mini-Neptunes Transiting Toi-125, Louise D. Nielsen, D. Gandolfi, D. J. Armstrong, J. S. Jenkins, M. Fridlund, N. C. Santos, F. Dai, V. Adibekyan, R. Luque, Jason H. Steffen, M. Esposito, F. Meru, S. Sabotta, E. Bolmont, D. Kossakowski, J. F. Otegi, F. Murgas, M. Stalport, F. Rodler, M. R. Diaz, N. T. Kurtovic, G. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, D. W. Latham, S. Seager, J. N. Winn, J. M. Jenkins, R. Allart, J. M. Almenara, D. Barrado, S. C.C. Barros
Mass Determinations Of The Three Mini-Neptunes Transiting Toi-125, Louise D. Nielsen, D. Gandolfi, D. J. Armstrong, J. S. Jenkins, M. Fridlund, N. C. Santos, F. Dai, V. Adibekyan, R. Luque, Jason H. Steffen, M. Esposito, F. Meru, S. Sabotta, E. Bolmont, D. Kossakowski, J. F. Otegi, F. Murgas, M. Stalport, F. Rodler, M. R. Diaz, N. T. Kurtovic, G. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, D. W. Latham, S. Seager, J. N. Winn, J. M. Jenkins, R. Allart, J. M. Almenara, D. Barrado, S. C.C. Barros
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, TESS, is currently carrying out an all-sky search for small planets transiting bright stars. In the first year of the TESS survey, a steady progress was made in achieving the mission’s primary science goal of establishing bulk densities for 50 planets smaller than Neptune. During that year, the TESS’s observations were focused on the southern ecliptic hemisphere, resulting in the discovery of three mini-Neptunes orbiting the star TOI-125, a V = 11.0 K0 dwarf. We present intensive HARPS radial velocity observations, yielding precise mass measurements for TOI-125b, TOI-125c, and TOI-125d. TOI-125b has an orbital period …
Towards A Novel Generalized Chinese Remainder Algorithm For Extended Rabin Cryptosystem, Justin Zhan, Peter J. Shiue, Shen C. Huang, Benjamin J. Lowe
Towards A Novel Generalized Chinese Remainder Algorithm For Extended Rabin Cryptosystem, Justin Zhan, Peter J. Shiue, Shen C. Huang, Benjamin J. Lowe
Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research
This paper proposes a number of theorems and algorithms for the Chinese Remainder Theorem, which is used to solve a system of linear congruences, and the extended Rabin cryptosystem, which accepts a key composed of an arbitrary finite number of distinct primes. This paper further proposes methods to relax the condition on the primes with trade-offs in the time complexity. The proposed algorithms can be used to provide ciphertext indistinguishability. Finally, this paper conducts extensive experimental analysis on six large data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are asymptotically tight to the existing decryption algorithm in the …
Author Correction: Closing The Nuclear Fuel Cycle With A Simplified Minor Actinide Lanthanide Separation Process (Alsep) And Additive Manufacturing, Artem V. Gelis, Peter Kozak, Andrew T. Breshears, M. Alex Brown, Cari Launiere, Emily L. Campbell, Gabriel B. Hall, Tatiana G. Levitskaia, Vanessa E. Holfeltz, Gregg J. Lumetta
Author Correction: Closing The Nuclear Fuel Cycle With A Simplified Minor Actinide Lanthanide Separation Process (Alsep) And Additive Manufacturing, Artem V. Gelis, Peter Kozak, Andrew T. Breshears, M. Alex Brown, Cari Launiere, Emily L. Campbell, Gabriel B. Hall, Tatiana G. Levitskaia, Vanessa E. Holfeltz, Gregg J. Lumetta
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research
No abstract provided.
Finite Element Analysis Of An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian Method For Stokes/Parabolic Moving Interface Problem With Jump Coefficients, Rihui Lan, Michael J. Ramirez, Pengtao Sun
Finite Element Analysis Of An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian Method For Stokes/Parabolic Moving Interface Problem With Jump Coefficients, Rihui Lan, Michael J. Ramirez, Pengtao Sun
Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research
In this paper, a type of arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) finite element method in the monolithic frame is developed for a linearized fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem — an unsteady Stokes/parabolic interface problem with jump coefficients and moving interface, where, the corresponding mixed finite element approximation in both semi- and fully discrete scheme are developed and analyzed based upon one type of ALE formulation and a novel H1- projection technique associated with a moving interface problem, and the stability and optimal convergence properties in the energy norm are obtained for both discretizations to approximate the solution of a transient Stokes/parabolic interface problem …
Relation Between Gravitational Mass And Baryonic Mass For Non-Rotating And Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars, He Gao, Shun-Ke Ai, Zhou-Jian Cao, Bing Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhu, Ang Li, Nai-Bo Zhang, Andreas Bauswein
Relation Between Gravitational Mass And Baryonic Mass For Non-Rotating And Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars, He Gao, Shun-Ke Ai, Zhou-Jian Cao, Bing Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhu, Ang Li, Nai-Bo Zhang, Andreas Bauswein
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
With a selected sample of neutron star (NS) equations of state (EOSs) that are consistent with the current observations and have a range of maximum masses, we investigate the relations between NS gravitational mass Mg and baryonic mass Mb, and the relations between the maximum NS mass supported through uniform rotation (Mmax) and that of nonrotating NSs (MTOV). We find that for an EOS-independent quadratic, universal transformation formula (Mb=Mg+A×M2g)(Mb=Mg+A×Mg2), the best-fit A value is 0.080 for non-rotating NSs, 0.064 for maximally rotating NSs, and 0.073 when NSs with arbitrary rotation are considered. The residual error of the transformation is ∼ …
Buckling Of Blue Phosphorus Nanotubes Under Axial Compression: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Shiping Jiang, Huiling Wu, Liangzhi Kou, Chun Tang, Chengyuan Wang, Changfeng Chen
Buckling Of Blue Phosphorus Nanotubes Under Axial Compression: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Shiping Jiang, Huiling Wu, Liangzhi Kou, Chun Tang, Chengyuan Wang, Changfeng Chen
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
We report on mechanical properties of blue phosphorus nanotubes (BluePNTs) from systematic molecular dynamics simulations, adopting a Stillinger-Weber potential with parameters determined by fitting to energetic and structural data from first-principles calculations. Our results corroborate the previously reported bending poison effect and size-dependent buckling behaviors. Under axial compression, current simulations predict a shell-to-column buckling mode transition for BluePNTs with increasing aspect ratios; further compression of BluePNTs with large aspect ratios results in a column-to-shell buckling mode transition. Associated critical buckling strains can be described by the continuum mechanics theory. We also simulated buckling behavior of black phosphorus nanotubes (BlackPNTs) and …
Wind Power Forecasting Methods Based On Deep Learning: A Survey, Xing Deng, Haijian Shao, Chunlong Hu, Dengbiao Jiang, Yingtao Jiang
Wind Power Forecasting Methods Based On Deep Learning: A Survey, Xing Deng, Haijian Shao, Chunlong Hu, Dengbiao Jiang, Yingtao Jiang
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research
Accurate wind power forecasting in wind farm can effectively reduce the enormous impact on grid operation safety when high permeability intermittent power supply is connected to the power grid. Aiming to provide reference strategies for relevant researchers as well as practical applications, this paper attempts to provide the literature investigation and methods analysis of deep learning, enforcement learning and transfer learning in wind speed and wind power forecasting modeling. Usually, wind speed and wind power forecasting around a wind farm requires the calculation of the next moment of the definite state, which is usually achieved based on the state of …
Dynamic Allocation/Reallocation Of Dark Cores In Many-Core Systems For Improved System Performance, Xingxing Huang, Xiaohang Wang, Yingtao Jiang, Amit Kumar Singh, Mei Yang
Dynamic Allocation/Reallocation Of Dark Cores In Many-Core Systems For Improved System Performance, Xingxing Huang, Xiaohang Wang, Yingtao Jiang, Amit Kumar Singh, Mei Yang
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research
A significant number of processing cores in any many-core systems nowadays and likely in the future have to be switched off or forced to be idle to become dark cores, in light of ever increasing power density and chip temperature. Although these dark cores cannot make direct contributions to the chip's throughput, they can still be allocated to applications currently running in the system for the sole purpose of heat dissipation enabled by the temperature gradient between the active and dark cores. However, allocating dark cores to applications tends to add extra waiting time to applications yet to be launched, …
A Design Of Mac Model Based On The Separation Of Duties And Data Coloring: Dsdc-Mac, Soon-Book Lee, Yoo-Hwan Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Chee-Yang Song
A Design Of Mac Model Based On The Separation Of Duties And Data Coloring: Dsdc-Mac, Soon-Book Lee, Yoo-Hwan Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Chee-Yang Song
Computer Science Faculty Research
Among the access control methods for database security, there is Mandatory Access Control (MAC) model in which the security level is set to both the subject and the object to enhance the security control. Legacy MAC models have focused only on one thing, either confidentiality or integrity. Thus, it can cause collisions between security policies in supporting confidentiality and integrity simultaneously. In addition, they do not provide a granular security class policy of subjects and objects in terms of subjects' roles or tasks. In this paper, we present the security policy of Bell_LaPadula Model (BLP) model and Biba model as …
Mildly Hydrophobic Biobased Mulch: A Sustainable Approach To Controlling Bare Soil Evaporation, Jesse Lee Barnes, Michael John Nicholl
Mildly Hydrophobic Biobased Mulch: A Sustainable Approach To Controlling Bare Soil Evaporation, Jesse Lee Barnes, Michael John Nicholl
Geoscience Faculty Research
© 2020 The Authors. Vadose Zone Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Soil Science Society of America Mulching with polyethylene film is the conventional approach to decrease evaporative water loss from agricultural soils, but it is not environmentally sustainable. In this study, a laboratory experiment was conducted to test the potential utility of partially polymerized soybean oil (PSO) coated sands as a surface treatment to reduce bare soil evaporation. Evaporation was tracked for 23.8 d from saturated sand columns treated with a surface layer (1 or 2 cm) of either coated medium sand (MS-PSO) or coated coarse …