Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Water quality (21)
- Arkansas (17)
- Groundwater (9)
- Ground water (6)
- Buffalo National river (5)
-
- Ecosystem (5)
- Pesticides (5)
- Water quality standards (5)
- Nutrients (4)
- Reservoirs (4)
- Surface runoff (4)
- Surface water (4)
- Water quality modeling (4)
- Algae (3)
- Arkansas river (3)
- Solute transport (3)
- Water quality control (3)
- Agriculture (2)
- Best management practices (2)
- Bioaccumulation (2)
- Bioindicators (2)
- Boston Mountains (2)
- Buffalo River (2)
- Climatic stress periods (2)
- Data analysis (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Dredging (2)
- Effluent renovation (2)
- Filter fields (2)
- Fragiudults (2)
- Publication Year
Articles 31 - 60 of 81
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Technical Reports
The Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan (SMP) is based on the Draft State Pesticide Ground- Water Management Plan Guidance and The Pesticides and Ground-Water Protection Strategy prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The need for a plan to protect ground water from contamination by agricultural chemicals and agents arises from evidence nationwide that using these chemicals can, in some instances, lead to contamination. In February 1988, EPA proposed a strategy to regulate certain pesticides by prohibiting their use in areas vulnerable to leaching unless a state develops and implements an acceptable management plan. The advantage of a …
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan - Appendices, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan - Appendices, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong
Technical Reports
The Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan (SMP) is based on the Draft State Pesticide Ground- Water Management Plan Guidance and The Pesticides and Ground-Water Protection Strategy prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The need for a plan to protect ground water from contamination by agricultural chemicals and agents arises from evidence nationwide that using these chemicals can, in some instances, lead to contamination. In February 1988, EPA proposed a strategy to regulate certain pesticides by prohibiting their use in areas vulnerable to leaching unless a state develops and implements an acceptable management plan. The advantage of a …
Gis Characterization Of Beaver Watershed, H. D. Scott, J. M. Mckimmey
Gis Characterization Of Beaver Watershed, H. D. Scott, J. M. Mckimmey
Technical Reports
Beaver Reservoir watershed is located in Northwest Arkansas including portions of Madison, Washington, Benton, Carroll, Franklin and Crawford counties. This watershed is important to the Northwest Arkansas region because it supplies most of the drinking water for the major towns and cities, and several rural water systems. The watershed consists of 308,971 ha with elevations ranging from approximately 341 m to 731 m above mean sea level. It includes the Springfield Plateau and the Boston Mountains provinces within the Ozark Plateau physiographic region. There are approximately 581 km of streams, 532 km of shore line, and 3712 km of roads …
Evaluation Of The Water Quality Impacts Of Land Application Of Poultry Litter, T. C. Daniels, D. R. Edwards
Evaluation Of The Water Quality Impacts Of Land Application Of Poultry Litter, T. C. Daniels, D. R. Edwards
Technical Reports
Evaluating the effect of land application of animal waste on water quality is fraught with inherent variability due to differing infiltration rates, slope, rainfall intensity and etc . Simulated rainfall technology has been used in erosion research for decades. Generally, this technology is used on plots of sufficient size (25 x 5 m) to develop rill and interrill erosion. The object of this investigation was to adapt and modify existing rainfall simulation technology used in soil erosion research for use in evaluating water quality impacts of land application of animal waste, and to test, evaluate and demonstrate it's scientific validity. …
Effect Of Land Application Of Poultry Waste On Pesticide Loss, T. C. Daniel, D. R. Edwards
Effect Of Land Application Of Poultry Waste On Pesticide Loss, T. C. Daniel, D. R. Edwards
Technical Reports
The poultry industry in Arkansas is a large, concentrated, growing industry that produces a high volume of fecal waste. Most of this waste is surface applied as pasture fertilizer. Pesticides are commonly used in the poultry industry for fly and litter beetle contro land are often a component of the surface-applied poultry waste. No information exists in the scientific literature regarding the transport of this pesticide component to nearby water supplies.Our research focused on cyromazine, a feed-through larvicide used to control flies in caged-layer hen houses. Tetrachlorvinphos and carbaryl are also used in poultry waste, but these pesticides have a …
Determination Of Optimal Timing Of Poultry Waste Disposal By Meteorological, Hydrological, And Water Quality Modeling Techniques, D. R. Edwards, T. C. Daniel
Determination Of Optimal Timing Of Poultry Waste Disposal By Meteorological, Hydrological, And Water Quality Modeling Techniques, D. R. Edwards, T. C. Daniel
Technical Reports
Approximately one million Mg of broiler litter were generated in conjunction with Arkansas' 1989 broiler production. Common practices for disposal of the waste have the potential to damage the quality of downstream rivers and lakes. This possibility is enhanced due to the concentration of broiler production in areas of the state with shallow soils, steep slopes, and limited suitable disposal area. Since the risk of pollution is greatest immediately following disposal and increases with rainfall depth and intensity, adverse water quality impacts may be mitigated by timing the application to coincide with low probability of surface losses of the nutrients …
Water Quality As Affected By Pesticides In Rice Production, W. G. Johnson, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, B. W. Skulman, R. E. Talbert, R. J. Smith
Water Quality As Affected By Pesticides In Rice Production, W. G. Johnson, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, B. W. Skulman, R. E. Talbert, R. J. Smith
Technical Reports
Studies were conducted to determine the environmental persistence of the rice pesticides triclopyr, 2,4-D, benomyl and quinclorac. Triclopyr half-lives ranged from <7 d to >100 d depending on depth within the soil profile and clay content. Triclopyr persistence increased as depth within the profile increased and clay content increased. The benomyl metabolite MBC was present at greater than 50% of the initial amount after 9 months in the field. In simulated carryover field studies quinclorac exhibited the greatest potential for injury to subsequent rotational crops. Cotton and soybean growth was reduced when planted at four weeks after quinclorac application. The adsorption of triclopyr …
Determination Of The Abient Toxicity Of The Tailwater Of Nimrod Lake, John T. Knight
Determination Of The Abient Toxicity Of The Tailwater Of Nimrod Lake, John T. Knight
Technical Reports
The objective of this research was to determine if ambient toxicity exists in the receiving stream below a reservoir in which water from the hypolimnion is released. The Ceriodaphnia 7-day test was utilized to determine if toxicity existed. This test is routinely used in the monitoring of municipal and industrial effluent. It has also been utilized in determining if ambient toxicity exists within receiving streams. Nimrod Lake is a flood control impoundment on the Fourche LaFave River in west central Arkansas. The literature suggest that during stratification the hypolimnetic release contains high levels of iron, manganese, ammonia and sulfide during …
The Association Of Water Quality Parameters, Geological Substrates And Periphyton Community Structure, Richard L. Meyer, Julia Christensen Eichman
The Association Of Water Quality Parameters, Geological Substrates And Periphyton Community Structure, Richard L. Meyer, Julia Christensen Eichman
Technical Reports
This research was designed to understand the structure of epilithic diatom assemblage of a first-to-third order stream system which has minimal variance in nutrient concentration, but significant differences in geomorphological character. The primary objective was to determine the importance of geological substrate on the structure of the diatom assemblages. The second objective was to examine the effect of flow on these assemblages, and the third part of the research was to develop a seasonal model of temporal and spatial annual succession. The temporal and spatial models represent the effect of seasons, stream order, substrate characteristics, storm events, and periods of …
The Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The White River National Wildlife Refuge, Steve W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp
The Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The White River National Wildlife Refuge, Steve W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp
Technical Reports
The primary purpose of this study was to survey the diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the White River National Wildlife Refuge (WRNWR). Determining relative abundance and distributional and seasonal patterns were secondary objectives. No comprehensive investigations of the WRNWR aquatic macroinvertebrates had been conducted previously, and it was hypothesized that this relatively undisturbed area may serve as a refugium. Further, this study provides base line data by which management programs can be composed. Thirty sampling stations were established within the WRNWR. Samples were collected from north to south at a basic rate of five stations per month. Revisit collections …
A Preliminiary Investigation To Determine The Economic Implications Of The "404" Permit For Constructing Agriculturally Related Reservoirs In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Charles R. Britton
A Preliminiary Investigation To Determine The Economic Implications Of The "404" Permit For Constructing Agriculturally Related Reservoirs In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Charles R. Britton
Technical Reports
A descriptive inquiry of the economic consequences of federal regulations which restrict the construction of agriculturally related reservoirs in Arkansas's wetlands is presented in this report. The applicable economic principles are identifyed and applied to the situation without the quantifiable information necessary to evaluate the alternatives. The difficulty of collecting the required quantifiable information necessitates the formulation of a different technique to unravel the dilemma. An alternative method for resolving the wetlands allocation question is presented for a public sector decision maker. This unconventional technique suggests that it may be desirable to estimate and compare the costs associated with the …
Virus Reduction By The Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System, Mark A. Gross
Virus Reduction By The Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System, Mark A. Gross
Technical Reports
A field study to examine the Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System's ability to remove bacteriophage from wastewater was conducted. MS2 Coliphage was Injected Into the low pressure pipe (LPP) distribution system to achieve an Influent concentration of 1.6 x 106 plague forming units per milliliter (PFU/ml). The bacteriophage was Injected Into the system three times during the day, and samples were taken from drainage tiles of the treatment system. Tile drainage was assayed on conform bacteria host cultures for MS2 phage. The treatment system removed two to three logs (99% to 99.9%) of the phage. During the past two years, …
Dew Chemistry, G. H. Wagner
Dew Chemistry, G. H. Wagner
Technical Reports
From July, 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dews and 9 frosts were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year is less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes are also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parenthesis gives the % of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for an average year: H+ (0.08), Ca2+ (23), Mg2+(9), K+(20), Na+(5), NH+(12), Cl-(7), S02/4-(5) and N0-/3 (6). A typical dew has a …
An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Discharging A High Quality Effluent Into A Small Ozark Mountain Stream, David G. Parker, Floyd E. Cotter, Sandra C. Parker
An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Discharging A High Quality Effluent Into A Small Ozark Mountain Stream, David G. Parker, Floyd E. Cotter, Sandra C. Parker
Technical Reports
Recently the newly constructed Fayetteville wastewater treatment plant went on line and directed a portion of its discharge to a point in the Mud Creek drainage basin that had previously not received any effluent. Prior to the discharge, a background study had been performed to establish the water quality in the basin. The background data, when compared to the data collected by this study, allowed any alteration of the stream water quality to be evaluated. Also the modeling procedure used to set the effluent limits for the treatment plant was analyzed. All stream data were compared to the limits set …
Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter: A Simulation Approach, B. A. Ibrahim, H D. Scott
Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter: A Simulation Approach, B. A. Ibrahim, H D. Scott
Technical Reports
A computer program was written to simulate the transport of nitrogen after an application of poultry litter to a pasture. The program was written in FORTRAN 77 to run on an IBM PC/AT or compatible personal computer or on a Sun SPARCSTATION. Simulation of water, solute and heat transport was by finite difference. Partition of rainfall into infiltration and runoff was by the SCS curve number method. A comparison was made of the computer model output with the results of a field experiment established at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station at Fayetteville. Poultry litter was applied at a rate of …
Optimal Reservoir Design Criteria In Conjuctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Soybean Irrigation In Eastern Arkansas, D. R. Edwards, J. A. Ferguson
Optimal Reservoir Design Criteria In Conjuctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Soybean Irrigation In Eastern Arkansas, D. R. Edwards, J. A. Ferguson
Technical Reports
A computer simulation model, named Arkansas Offstream Reservoir Analysis (ARORA) was developed to simulate present worth of net income from soybean production systems for conditions varying with respect to ground water availability, offstream reservoir capacity, and many other variables. Additional algorithms were incorporated into the model to enable it to optimize reservoir dimensions given realistic constraints and to identify the reservoir capacity corresponding to maximum present worth of simulated net income. The model was written in FORTRAN programming language and requires significant input data in order to provide significant flexibility with respect to the situations which may be accomodated. The …
Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources - Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer
Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources - Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer
Technical Reports
The focus of this research project was to continue the development of a photographic system which would record living organisms using various forms of light microscopy with correct color and with arrested movement. These demands dictate the use of an electronic flash source with metering and control system located in a position following the passage of the light through the optical train. The system developed uses off-the-shelf components with a modified flashtube holder which positions the tube in the axis of the light beam between the field and iris diaphragm. The light is measured off-the-film so that light from the …
Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Kenneth F. Steele
Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Kenneth F. Steele
Technical Reports
Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC) works closely with state and federal agencies and academic institutions. Priority research categories are: surface water analysis, ground water pollution, surface and ground water quality/quanity, and water resource management.
Simulation Of The Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter, H. D. Scott
Simulation Of The Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter, H. D. Scott
Technical Reports
A PC/AT computer model was developed to simulate the transport of water, nitrate and ammonia in the soil profile after an application of poultry litter to pasture. The model was written using FORTRAN 77 compiler and can be used on any IBM type compatible computer with a math coprocessor. Poultry litter has been shown to be a potential source of plant nutrients, but mismanagement can result in nitrate pollution of the surface and groundwater. The model is composed of a main program, 11 subroutines and three subprograms. An example was shown of the flexibility and dynamic nature of the computer …
Determining Pesticide And Nitrate Levels In Spring Water In Northwest Arkansas, T. L. Lavy, B. A. Dehart, John D. Mattice
Determining Pesticide And Nitrate Levels In Spring Water In Northwest Arkansas, T. L. Lavy, B. A. Dehart, John D. Mattice
Technical Reports
Occurrences of pesticides in our nations ground water are on the rise. As states become aware of this problem and begin monitoring programs, incidence of contamination will probably increase. Since the problem of pesticides in groundwater is relatively new, little research has centered on the fate of pesticides after they reach the groundwater environment. In Northwest Arkansas efforts to monitor groundwater for pesticides have been small. Twenty-five springs in Northwest Arkansas were sampled in the fall of 1988, and spring of 1989. Analysis for atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, diuron, and simazine in spring water was preformed using gas liquid chromatography and …
An Expert System For Managing An Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant, Sandra C. Parker, David G. Parker
An Expert System For Managing An Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant, Sandra C. Parker, David G. Parker
Technical Reports
A diagnostic expert system for an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant has been designed to link with a relational database management system for obtaining operational parameter values that are used by the program to diagnose operational problems that may occur in the process. The problems that are dealt with by the system are bulking sludge, floating sludge, defloculation, ashing, solids washout, foaming problems, high soluble effluent BOD and problems in the aeration system. The link between the expert system and the database is accomplished via programming that is initiated by the expert system program. The operator of the system is …
Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources, Richard L. Meyer
Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources, Richard L. Meyer
Technical Reports
A data base of the algae of Arkansas ecoregions has been established to describe the numerous taxa that occur within the aquatic ecosystems included in these regions. The organisms were identified with the aid of diverse literature from throughout the world. These sources are written in multiple languages and the living organisms had to be compared with outline or silhouette drawings. These illustrations may include shading, but none present the true color of the organism but only the characteristics of the descriptive source. Primary characteristics used to identify algae is based upon pigmentation of the plastid and the number and …
Improving Irrigation Scheduling And Water Use Efficiency In Cotton, Derrick M. Oosterhuis
Improving Irrigation Scheduling And Water Use Efficiency In Cotton, Derrick M. Oosterhuis
Technical Reports
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is an important crop in the southern United States. The crop is grown in both irrigated and rainfed situations and is seldom free from periods of water shortages at some stage during the season. In recent years the need for consistency in yields and a stable cash flow has resulted in a rapid expansion in the number of irrigated acres of cotton in the Mississippi Delta. Irrigation research has, however, not kept pace with this expansion. This project represents a start at meeting this urgent need. The influence of weather patterns necessitates that these studies be …
Minimizing The Potential For Groundwater Contamination From Agricultural Point Sources, Joseph H. Massey, Terry L. Lavy, John D. Mattice
Minimizing The Potential For Groundwater Contamination From Agricultural Point Sources, Joseph H. Massey, Terry L. Lavy, John D. Mattice
Technical Reports
An activated charcoal filtration unit was designed to remove pesticides from leftover pesticide solutions and rinsates generated under farm-like conditions. The system, fabricated for less than $1400 using readily available components, effectively removed the pesticides atrazine, benomyl, carbaryl, fluometuron, metolachlor, and trifluralin from wastewater generated on the University of Arkansas Agronomy Farm located in Fayetteville, AR. A total of 2253 L of wastewater were treated using the system. Of these 1768 L were generated from washing out the spray tank (rinsates) while 485 L stemmed from leftover pesticide solutions that were mixed, but not applied. Typical initial pesticide concentrations in …
Analysis, Design And Implementation Of A Pilot Relational Database For Groundwater In The State Of Arkansas, Ray Hashemi-Nassab
Analysis, Design And Implementation Of A Pilot Relational Database For Groundwater In The State Of Arkansas, Ray Hashemi-Nassab
Technical Reports
There are several agencies within the state of Arkansas dealing with underground water. Each agency has its own database that acts as an isolated depository of data. Practically, the communication among these databases is zero, not because there is no need for it, but because the communication is very difficult if not impossible. Data redundancy, inconsistency, and lack of integrity is overwhelming. In this study we have addressed the problem of lack of unity among the databases belonging to different agencies. Also, as an alternative we have developed a relational database. In this database the data was normalized to 4NF. …
Virtually Interactive Large-Scale Model For Arkansas: User's Guide (Vilma), Rosalinda R. A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta
Virtually Interactive Large-Scale Model For Arkansas: User's Guide (Vilma), Rosalinda R. A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta
Technical Reports
This user’s guide supports the use of VILMA (Virtually Interactive Large-scale Model for Arkansas). This document presents the basic concepts in Chapter I. Chapter II discusses the execution steps that the user follows during a VILMA session. Chapter III provides a detailed illustration of example data files. Chapter IV presents two example VILMA sessions. Finally, Chapter V elaborates on additional concepts. The Appendices consist of relevant program listings, instructions, and example files. In this user’s guide, the word "interactive" means the user enters his responses to the prompts that appear on a computer terminal while he is logged on to …
Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends - Iv, Richard L. Meyer
Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends - Iv, Richard L. Meyer
Technical Reports
A data base of the algae of Arkansas ecoregions has been estabblished by the use of a relational data base management system (dBase III plus). The system was chosen to be readily available for a variety of microcomputers using MS- and PC-DOS. The data base contains taxonomic fields from division through variety, synonymy, authors, initial description, date, and definitive descriptive source. The data are cross-referenced by ecoregion, Round's community and subcommunity designations. The data base contains greater than 1,500 taxonomic records in all divisions and classes of freshwater algae. The data are sortable by any of the included parameters. The …
Development Of A Combined Quantity And Quality Model For Optimal Management Of Unsteady Groundwater Flow Fields, R. C. Peralta, J. Solaimanian, C. L. Griffis
Development Of A Combined Quantity And Quality Model For Optimal Management Of Unsteady Groundwater Flow Fields, R. C. Peralta, J. Solaimanian, C. L. Griffis
Technical Reports
Presented are alternative techniques for including conservative solute transport within computer models for optimizing groundwater extraction rates. Unsteady two-dimensional flow and dispersed conservative solute transport are assumed. Comparisons are made of the practicality of including modified forms of implicit and explicit finite difference solute transport equations within optimization models. These equations can be calibrated and subsequently used within a MODCON procedure. The MODCON modelling procedure consists of an integrated series of five optimization or simulation modules. The procedure is applicable for either an entire aquifer system or for a subsystem of a larger system. The first module, A, computes physically …
Long-Term Reconstruction And Analysis Of White River Streamflow, M. K. Cleaveland, D. W. Stahle, J. G. Hehr
Long-Term Reconstruction And Analysis Of White River Streamflow, M. K. Cleaveland, D. W. Stahle, J. G. Hehr
Technical Reports
A 281-year reconstruction of White River annual runoff at Clarendon, Arkansas, was developed from a regional average of nine Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas tree-ring chronologies (six post oak, Quercus stellata, and three baldcypress, Taxodium distichum). Inhomogeneity of the gaged series was detected with both double mass analysis (using state average total annual Arkansas precipitation) and regression (using the regional tree-ring average). Simple regression calibrated the homogeneous runoff data with the average ring width data from 1930 to 1980. Comparing the reconstruction with independent data verified the regression model. Variance of the reconstruction increases significantly during the 20th century, a change …
Estimating Potential Ground And Surface Water Pollution From Land Application Of Poultry Litter - Ii, D. C. Wolf, J. T. Gilmour, P. M. Gale
Estimating Potential Ground And Surface Water Pollution From Land Application Of Poultry Litter - Ii, D. C. Wolf, J. T. Gilmour, P. M. Gale
Technical Reports
In Arkansas, approximately 1 Tg of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure and litter is produced annually. These waste products are commonly applied to pastures as a soil amendment or fertilizer, but excessive application rates and poor management practices could result in nutrient contamination of ground and surface water. The purpose of this study was to: (1) assess the nutrient concentrations in poultry manure and (2) evaluate the nitrogen loss from land-applied poultry litter and manure due to ammonia volatilization and denitrification. Analyses for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), inorganic nitrogen (Ni), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were compared in 12 wet …