Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Radiation Hardness Drivers For Mission Success – What We Have Learned, Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

RHA consists of all activities undertaken to ensure that the electronics and materials of a space system perform to their design specifications throughout exposure to the mission space environment

Structural Design & Analysis, Poti G. Doukas

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Agenda

• Structural Requirements
• Deployers
• Engineering Drawings
• Verification Testing

Requirements And C&Dh Design, Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

• What is it?
• Processor Selection
• CDH Hardware
• OS Selection
• Memory - Radiation
• Memory - Radiation Mitigation
• Memory - Partitions
• Memory - File System
• System Startup
• Startup Stages
• Software Start-up
• Serial Protocol
• I2C / One Wire Communication Tips
• Fault Handling: Watchdog Timer
• CDH Watchdog (Simple)
• CDH Watchdog (Use Case)
• Watchdog Timer Tips
• Synchronizing and Managing Time

Range Safety And Design For Launch, Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Design to make licensing and launch easy

• Sometimes the most innovative or elegant solution isn’t the best one
• The less you have to prove, the better
• Don’t use novel materials
• Don’t use novel methods

Example: 3D printing is cool and reduces part count because you can design otherwise unmachinable parts

• Now you have to test, analyze, and prove to everyone that your part won’t fail
• If you machined the parts from AL 6061-T6 and bolted them together with stainless steel fasteners, nobody would have looked twice

Quantifying And Understanding The Role Of Bias In Astrophysical Data, Joshua A. Osborne

Physics Dissertations - Archive

Astrophysical studies are limited to the data provided. Data which is inherently prone to a range of biases such as: instrumental, selection, and methodological bias. Quantifying these biases and understanding their origin is critical to ensuring that the results we infer are representative of the physical world.

This is true even when attempting to study high-redshift phenomena, such as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). Due to their immense brightness at high redshifts, GRBs serve as a strong candidate for standard candles in high redshift space. Their use as a standard candle, however, requires a precise understanding of observational biases that affect …

Measurement Of Two-Point Energy Correlators Within Jets In P+P Collisions At Sqrt[S]=200  Gev, Star Collaboration

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Hard-scattered partons ejected from high-energy proton-proton collisions undergo parton shower and hadronization, resulting in collimated collections of particles that are clustered into jets. A substructure observable that highlights the transition between the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes of jet evolution in terms of the angle between two particles is the two-point energy correlator (EEC). In this Letter, the first measurement of the EEC at RHIC is presented, using data taken from 200 GeV p þ p collisions by the STAR experiment. The EEC is measured both for all the pairs of particles in jets and separately for pairs with like and …

Design Of The Ecce Detector For The Electron Ion Collider, J. K. Adkins

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment (ECCE) detector has been designed to address the full scope of the proposed Electron Ion Collider (EIC) physics program as presented by the National Academy of Science and provide a deeper understanding of the quark–gluon structure of matter. To accomplish this, the ECCE detector offers nearly acceptance and energy coverage along with excellent tracking and particle identification. The ECCE detector was designed to be built within the budget envelope set out by the EIC project while simultaneously managing cost and schedule risks. This detector concept has been selected to be the basis for the EIC …

Line List For The A²Π−X²Σ⁺ And The B²Σ⁺−X²Σ⁺ Band Systems Of Caf, Léo Lavy, Peter F. Bernath, Adam Pastorek

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The spectral analysis of molecule-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is challenging. Although other calcium and fluorine bearing molecules are observed in the microwave and in the visible spectrum of AGB stars, CaF has never been detected, despite favorable chemical equilibrium predictions. Yet, measuring the CaF abundance could give more insight into the fluorine budget of AGB stars and allow better simulation of stellar spectra. In this work, we present an analysis of the visible spectrum of CaF obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer. CaF A²Π−X²Σ⁺ and B²Σ⁺−X²Σ⁺ band systems were excited with a hollow cathode discharge. Using previous fluorescence …

Collision-Induced Absorption Spectra Of N₂ And Ch₄, Ryan M. Johnson, Peter F. Bernath, Brant Billinghurst, Jianbao Zhao

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Collision-induced spectra are essential for radiative transfer modeling of Titan's atmosphere. We present experimental spectra of nitrogen–methane mixtures with an accompanying fit of N₂-CH₄ collision-induced absorption in the 30–400 cm⁻¹ region at about 130 K. We found a peak absorption of 2.30 × 10⁻⁵ cm⁻¹ amagat⁻² at 75 cm⁻¹ and a secondary peak of 1.35 × 10⁻⁵ c⁻¹ amagat⁻² at 206.5 cm⁻¹, which agrees with previous studies. Our work does not support the suggestion that N₂-CH₄ CIA in the far-infrared should be increased by about 50%, as suggested by spectroscopic modeling of Titan using data from A. Borysow & C. …

Experimental Absorption Cross Sections For Zro, Léo Lavy, Peter F. Bernath, Manish Bhusal, Jacques Liévin

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Absorption cross sections for ZrO are provided and can be used as a template to interpret spectra of S-type stars. The ZrO spectrum was measured in emission from a carbon furnace at 2700 K and calibrated using synthetic spectra of ⁹⁰Zr¹⁶O. A set of nearly isolated molecular lines has been used for the calibration. We also thoroughly review the literature on the spectroscopy of ZrO. Comparison of the experimental spectrum with currently available line lists revealed issues in ZrO spectral simulation. (a) Within band systems, the relative intensities are not always well reproduced. (b) We identify yet unreported band systems, …

Classifying Microlensing Events From Rome/Rea, Alaina Schweitzer, Rachel Street, Katarzyna Kruszyńska, Daniel Godines

Open Pedagogy: Selected Projects

The Roman Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey will complete our census of free-floating and bound exoplanets by detecting microlensing events from timeseries photometry (M. T. Penny et al. 2019). But the literature on classifying microlensing events is limited compared with other types of transients. Building on recent developments in machine learning techniques, this research describes the preparation and training of an eXtreme Gradient Boosting classifier to detect microlensing events in the recent data release from the ROME/REA Survey. We evaluate the classifier’s ability to distinguish microlensing from various other categories of stars, both variable and constant. In this note we …

From Poetry To Policy: How H-Stem Has Guided My Research Path, Kayla D. Taylor

Student Works

Embry-Riddle PhD student Kayla Taylor was invited to share how Humanistic STEM has shaped her educational journey at the third annual Humanistic STEM symposium.

A Sequential Quadratic Programming Approach To Coupling‐Bounded Non‐Inertial Earthquake Cycle Kinematics With Distance‐Weighted Eigenmodes, Brendan J. Meade, John P. Loveless

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Geologic and geodetic observations provide constraints on tectonic and earthquake cycle kinematics. Block models offer one approach to integrating the effects of plate rotations, elastic strain accumulation, applied basal displacements, internal block strain, and idealized pressure sources. Here, we describe the construction of block models where spatially variable slip rates are parameterized by distance‐weighted eigenmodes operating over meshes of triangular dislocation elements. This dimensionally reduced model is recast as a quadratic programming problem with upper and lower bounds on both geologic fault slip rates and spatially variable slip deficit rates. We propose iterating over successive quadratic programming estimates with evolving …

Unraveling Visible Spectra Of S-Type Stars: The F3Δ–A3Δ (Α System) And E3Π–A3Δ (Β System) Band Systems Of Zro, Manish Bhusal, Peter Bernath, Jacques Liévin

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

ZrO has many low-lying states, and its spectra are essential for the characterization of S-type stars. A high-resolution emission spectrum recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory is used for the analysis. The 0–0 and 1–0 bands of the f³Δ-a³Δ system (α system) and the 0–0 band of the e³Π-a³Δ system (β system) have been rotationally analyzed using the modern spectral fitting program PGOPHER. New ab initio calculations of transition dipole moments have been performed to determine the band strengths. These band strengths are used to produce line lists that are suitable for the …

Evaluation Of The Stability Of Argan Oil Nanoemulsions Formulated And Optimized Through Experimental Design For Dermatological Applications, Yousra Mdarhri, Ikram Bouziane, Narjisse Mokhtari, Lama Rissouli, Ahmed Touhami, Fakhita Touhami, Mohamed Chabbi

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Argan oil is a highly sought-after natural product renowned for its therapeutic and rejuvenating properties. This study focused on harnessing its dermatological bioactivity by developing stable nanoemulsions through a simple low-energy method using a single non-ionic surfactant. The composition and properties of Argan oil were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), and quality indexes, adhering to international standards. The effect of system composition on stability was evaluated using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram and Phase Inversion Composition (PIC) emulsification technique. Optimal process parameters for producing stable nanoemulsion were determined through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The resulting nanoemulsions …

Light Nuclei Femtoscopy And Baryon Interactions In 3 Gev Au+Au Collisions At Rhic, The Star Collaboration

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report the measurements of proton-deuteron (𝑝-𝑑) and deuteron-deuteron (𝑑-𝑑) correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at √𝑠NN = 3 GeV using fixed-target mode with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). For the first time, the source size (𝑅 𝐺), scattering length (𝑓0), and effective range (𝑑0) are extracted from the measured correlation functions with a simultaneous fit. The spin-averaged 𝑓0 for 𝑝-𝑑 and 𝑑-𝑑 interactions are determined to be -5.28 ± 0.11(stat.) ± 0.82(syst.) fm and -2.62 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.24(syst.) fm, respectively. The measured 𝑝-𝑑 interaction is consistent with theoretical calculations and low- energy scattering experiment …

Electric-Charge-Dependent Directed Flow Splitting Of Produced Quarks In Au+Au Collisions, The Star Collaboration

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report directed flow (𝑣1) of multistrange baryons (Ξ and Ω) and improved 𝑣1 data for 𝐾−, ̄ 𝑝, ̄ Λ and 𝜙 in Au+Au collisions at √𝑠NN =27 and 200 GeV from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We focus on particles whose constituent quarks are not transported from the incoming nuclei but instead are produced in the collisions. At intermediate impact parameters, we examine quark coalescence behavior for particle combinations with identical quark content, and search for any departure from this behavior (“splitting”) for combinations having non-identical quark content. Under the assumption of quark …

Measurement Of Directed Flow In Au+Au Collisions At √Snn = 19.6 And 27 Gev With The Star Event Plane Detector, Star Collaboration

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

In heavy-ion collision experiments, the global collectivity of final-state particles can be quantified by anisotropic flow coefficients (vn). The first-order flow coefficient, also referred to as the directed flow (v1 ), describes the collective sideward motion of produced particles and nuclear fragments in heavy-ion collisions. It carries information on the very early stage of the collision, especially at large pseudorapidity (η), where it is believed to be generated during the nuclear passage time. Directed flow therefore probes the onset of bulk collective dynamics during thermalization, providing valuable experimental guidance to models of the pre-equilibrium stage. In 2018, the Event Plane …

Suntan (And Other Solar Trigonometric Functions): Solutions For Fermi Questions: February 2025, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

The article discusses the intensity of sunlight on the side of the author's face as they walk to and from their office, focusing on the solar zenith angle θ. It presents a formula for solar irradiance and explores how the intensity changes based on the angle and elevation. The solutions to the questions posed in the article provide insights into the maximum irradiance levels at different angles and elevations.

M Star Opacities: The B³Π–X³Δ Band System Of Tio, Peter F. Bernath, Manish Bhusal, Mirek R. Schmidt

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The spectra of titanium monoxide (TiO) are used to classify M stars. TiO experimental cross sections based on a high-resolution emission spectrum recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory are used for the analysis of the TiO B³Π–X³Δ transition (𝛾' system). The 3–2 and 4–3 vibrational bands are analyzed for the first time, and the analysis of the 2–1 band is revised. The transition dipole moment function from an ab initio calculation is used to calculate the band strengths. These band strengths are used to produce a B³Π–X³Δ line list for the vibrational levels v' ⩽ …

The Presence Of Outer Giant Planets And Their Role In Inner Planet Formation With And Without Their Influence, Mateo E. Guerra Toro

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

We performed dynamical simulations of the giant impact phase of planet formation to investigate the formation of inner terrestrial planets under the influence of 4 solar system-like outer giant planets. We developed a new code using the N-body simulation suite REBOUND and REBOUNDx (Rein et al. (2019) and Tamayo et al. (2019)) to simulate 2 stages of planetary formation: a residual gaseous protoplanetary disk phase and subsequent dynamical evolution after the disk photoevaporates. The initial conditions for the inner planetary embryos were taken by Morrison et al. (2020) based on a range of solid surface densities that produced Super-Earth terrestrial …

Suntan (And Other Solar Tigonometric Functions), John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Question 1: If I₀ is the solar irradiance (power per unit area, W/m²) reaching my head, express the intensity on the side of my face (I_s) in terms of θ. Assume for now that the irradiance is independent of path length through the atmosphere and that my face is normal to the direction θ = 90°.

Using the 1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere,² Hottel (1976)³ expressed the solar irradiance using the formula

I = I₀(a₀ + a₁e^{−k sec θ}), where A is the elevation in kilometers and

a₀ = 0.4237 − 0.00821(6 − A)²; a₁ = 0.5055 …

The B³Π–A³Δ And B³Π–X¹Σ+ Band Systems Of Zro, Manish Bhusal, Peter F. Bernath, Jacques Liévin, Léo Lavy

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The zirconium oxide (ZrO) b³Π–a³Δ system is a prominent source of opacity in the atmospheres of S-type stars in the near-infrared region. The emission spectra of ZrO, obtained at the National Solar Observatory located at Kitt Peak in Arizona, have been utilized to analyze this band system. A reanalysis of the 0–0 vibrational band of the b³Π–a³Δ transition has been carried out. For the first time, the vibrational bands with 1 ⩽ v ′ ⩽ 3 and v″ ≤ 4 for the same electronic transition have been rotationally analyzed using PGOPHER. Additionally, the 0–0 and 1–1 bands of the spin-forbidden …

Nonlinear Wave Dynamics In Asteroseismology With Application To Delta Scuti Stars, Mohammed Mourabit

Physics Dissertations - Archive

This thesis compiles the collection of works in nonlinear astroseismology and its implication to the δ Sct variable that we carried over the course of five years. With the advent of high-resolution space missions such as the Kepler and TESS telescopes, we were able to see significant progress in the field in recent years. Nonetheless the new technologies also brought an increasing number of observation that are seemingly contradictory to the linear theory of asteroseismology. In particular, we find the δ Sct variable, which eludes our models in terms of how varied we find they spectra for stars with very …

Boy Whose Head Was Filled With Stars: A Life Of Edwin Hubble (2021) By Isabelle Marinov, Maughn Rollins Gregory

Picture Books

Barely a hundred years ago, Edwin Hubble changed the way we understand the universe and our place in it more dramatically than almost anyone else has ever done. As this picture book biography shows, his mind-boggling discoveries can be traced back to childhood questions. The discovery that the world is bigger than we had imagined happens in many ways, and learning that we have some choices in deciding how new facts, new experiences, and new perspectives can matter to us is a necessary part of education.

A Multispectral Analysis Of High Redshift Quasars And Their Energy Production Mechanisms, Erik Carlson

Open Access Dissertations

We present a complete sample of radio-loud (P_3.0 GHz = 10^27.26 W/Hz) high-redshift (z ≥ 2.5) quasars in the Northern Hemisphere (δ ≥ 0). Each source was imaged with a user-defined imaging protocol developed for the Very Large Array Sky Survey. Higher-resolution images were generated from archival observations and new Enhanced Very Large Array observations (Project Code: 24B-010).  We produced 407 images of galaxies, where we are likely the first humans to see them. Twenty of these sources were high-redshift jets which increased the number of known high-redshift jets by 69%. This sample represents one of the largest …

A Compact Frequency Comb Generator For Large-Format Superconducting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, Sungyoun Seo

Open Access Master's Theses

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are promising superconducting detectors that achieve superior sensitivity to silicon-based photo detectors by leveraging a small bandgap of superconductors. They are advantageous for sensitive imaging instruments, particularly space telescopes. However, a large-format array with several hundreds of thousands of detectors is required for large-scale observations in space, and it encounters multiple challenges. The biggest challenge is the absence of compact, energy-efficient, and radiation-tolerant readout solutions. Of multiple functions in the MKID readout, the new frequency comb generator is presented in this thesis. It features a low on-chip memory requirement while promising the relaxed frequency resolution …

Hardware Implementation Of An Efficient Frequency Comb Generator For Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, Frank Atobrah Danso

Open Access Master's Theses

The frequency comb generator is an essential component in the readout of superconducting detectors. This component is responsible for generating the resonant frequencies necessary to detect photon interaction with the detectors. This component however has not received the much needed attention in terms of readout systems optimization. Conventional implementations rely on either inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) engines, which scale poorly in power with increasing frequency resolution requirement but allow flexible tone updates, or lookup tables (LUTs), which demand large memory for high frequency resolution.

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconducting detectors which have gained significant interest for cryogenic …

Stars, Statutes, And Sharing: Designing Global Ip Frameworks For Space-Based Discoveries, Ed Koellner

Marquette Intellectual Property & Innovation Law Review

As humanity stretches farther into space physically, commercially, and intellectually, contemporary legal frameworks are beginning to creak under the pressure. Intellectual property laws seem to be playing catch-up. Those laws were written for a world bound by borders and gravity, not for orbital labs, the Earth’s Moon, or AI-generated inventions drifting above the Earth.

This article takes a closer look at the increasingly complex intersection of space law, intellectual property, and artificial intelligence. This domain is no longer reserved for state-led missions or high-level treaties. Now and in the near future, a university lab or a private startup might be …

Three-Dimensional Spreading Of Magnetic Reconnection Between Non-Parallel Flux Ropes With A Guide Field, Regis John

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process that facilitates the rapid conversion of magnetic energy into particle acceleration, plasma flows, and heating. It plays a central role in explosive astrophysical events such as solar flares, where vast amounts of magnetic energy are released on short time scales. A key structure in many reconnection sites is the magnetic flux rope, a column of plasma carrying current threaded by helical magnetic fields, which is frequently involved in or generated by reconnection. Understanding how reconnection unfolds in such flux rope systems is critical for interpreting both space weather phenomena and laboratory plasma dynamics. …