Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology Commons^™

Intradermal Vaccination With A Phytoglycogen Nanoparticle And Sting Agonist Induces Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Antitumor Immunity, Juan F. Hernandez-Franco, Imran M. Jan, Bennett D. Elzey, Harm Hogenesch

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

A critical aspect of cancer vaccine development is the formulation with effective adjuvants. This study evaluated whether combining a cationic plant-derived nanoparticle adjuvant (Nano-11) with the clinically tested STING agonist ADU-S100 (MIW815) could stimulate anticancer immunity by intradermal vaccination. Nano-11 combined with ADU-S100 (NanoST) synergistically activated antigen-presenting cells, facilitating protein antigen cross-presentation in vitro and in vivo. Intradermal vaccination using ovalbumin (OVA) as a tumor antigen and combined with Nano-11 or NanoST prevented the development of murine B16-OVA melanoma and E.G7-OVA lymphoma tumors. The antitumor immunity was abolished by CD8+ T cell depletion but not by CD4+ T cell depletion. …

Cross-Sectional Study Of Personal Protective Equipment Use, Training And Biosafety Preparedness Among Healthcare Workers During The First Months Of The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic In Brazil, Kerstin Muner, Julia Kilgour, Tatiana Ometta, Ana Perola Drulla Brandao, Andrea Pires Dos Santos, Ana Marcia Sa Guimaraes

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Objectives Brazil has high rates of COVID-19 and tuberculosis among healthcare workers (HCWs). Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for their protection. We aimed to evaluate PPE use, training, and preparedness among HCWs in the early months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil.

Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires available to HCWs through a website created to provide PPE guidelines. χ2 test and robust Poisson regression identified factors associated with HCWs treating COVID-19 patients (TCOVID-19), lack of training on PPE use and N95 respirator reuse. The speech content of open-ended questions was analysed.

Results We analysed 1410 questionnaires …

Nuclear Phosphoproteome Reveals Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 As A Modulator Of Oncogene-Induced Senescence, Rodrigo Mohallem, Uma K. Aryal

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Mammalian cells possess intrinsic mechanisms to prevent tumorigenesis upon deleterious mutations, including oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). The molecular mechanisms underlying OIS are, however, complex and remain to be fully characterized. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the nuclear proteome and phosphoproteome of human lung fibroblast IMR90 cells during the progression of OIS induced by oncogenic RASG12V activation. We found that most of the differentially regulated phosphosites during OIS contained prolyl isomerase PIN1 target motifs, suggesting PIN1 is a key regulator of several promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body proteins, specifically regulating several proteins upon oncogenic Ras activation. We showed that PIN1 …

“Dying Alone And Being Eaten”: Dog Scavenging On The Remains Of An Elderly Animal Hoarder-A Case Report, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Paulo Cesar Maiorka, Alan M. Beck, Alexander Welker Biondo

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Animal hoarding and human consumption by dogs have been important but often understudied aspects of the human-animal bond that can be addressed within a One Health framework. No scientific report has focused on dog scavenging on animal hoarders to date, despite isolated reports of dog scavenging on human remains, mostly due to starvation. The phenomenon has been approached as a confounding factor for human forensics. In 2014, the Animal Protection Department of Curitiba City was called to rescue and handle ten small dogs which had scavenged for a week on the human remains of their elderly owner, a potential animal …

Assistance Dogs For Military Veterans With Ptsd: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, And Meta-Synthesis, Sarah C. Leighton, Leanne O. Nieforth, Marguerite E. O'Haire

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Psychiatric assistance dogs for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) currently make up over 19% of assistance dog partnerships globally. We conducted a systematic review of the literature relating to these partnerships, with specific aims to (1) summarize their characteristics, (2) evaluate the quality of existing evidence, and (3) summarize outcomes. A total of 432 records were independently screened (Cohen’s kappa = 0.90). Of these, 41 articles (29 peer-reviewed publications and 12 unpublished dissertations) met inclusion criteria. Data extraction was conducted to address the research aims, including a meta-analysis (quantitative outcomes) and meta-synthesis (qualitative outcomes). All peer-reviewed publications on …

Structural Disruption Of The Blood–Brain Barrier In Repetitive Primary Blast Injury, Gozde Uzunalli, Seth Herr, Alexandra M. Dieterly, Riyi Shi, L. Tiffany Lyle

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Background

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a growing health concern due to the increased use of low-cost improvised explosive devices in modern warfare. Mild blast exposures are common amongst military personnel; however, these women and men typically do not have adequate recovery time from their injuries due to the transient nature of behavioral symptoms. bTBI has been linked to heterogeneous neuropathology, including brain edema, neuronal degeneration and cognitive abnormalities depending on the intensity of blast overpressure and frequency. Recent studies have reported heterogeneity in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability following blast injury. There still remains a limited understanding of the …

Do Animals Engage Greater Social Attention In Autism? An Eye Tracking Analysis, Georgitta J. Valiyamattam, Harish Katti, Vinay K. Chaganti, Marguerite E. O'Haire, Virender Sachdeva

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Background: Visual atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a well documented phenomenon, beginning as early as 2–6 months of age and manifesting in a significantly decreased attention to the eyes, direct gaze and socially salient information. Early emerging neurobiological deficits in perceiving social stimuli as rewarding or its active avoidance due to the anxiety it entails have been widely purported as potential reasons for this atypicality. Parallel research evidence also points to the significant benefits of animal presence for reducing social anxiety and enhancing social interaction in children with autism. While atypicality in social attention in ASD has been …

Laboratory Animal Welfare And Human Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Survey On Heterospecific Play Or “Rat Tickling”, Megan R. Lafollette, Sylvie Cloutier, Colleen Brady, Brianna N. Gaskill, Marguerite E. O'Haire

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Introduction

Laboratory rat welfare is critically influenced by laboratory animal personnel through their implementation, or lack of implementation, of various enrichment techniques. One such promising technique is heterospecific play, or “rat tickling”, which mimics aspects of rat rough-and-tumble play and can contribute to improving welfare, but may be infrequently implemented. The theory of planned behavior can be used to study implementation by measuring intentions and beliefs about rat tickling, including behavioral attitudes (whether it is good or bad), subjective norms (whether there is social/professional pressure to provide it), and control beliefs (whether they feel in control of providing it). Therefore, …