Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Method For Identification Of Virulence Determinants, Raul G. Barletta, Beth Harris

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Disclosed are methods for the determination of virulence determinants in bacteria and in particular bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for stimulating an immune response in an animal using bacteria and virulence determinants identified by the methods of the present invention.

A Deletion Mutation In Bovine Slc4a2 Is Associated With Osteopetrosis In Red Angus Cattle, Stacey N. Meyers, Tara G. Mcdaneld, Shannon L. Swist, Brandy M. Marron, David J. Steffen, Donal O'Toole, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Jonathan E. Beever, Tad S. Sonstegard, Timothy P.L. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Osteopetrosis is a skeletal disorder of humans and animals characterized by the formation of overly dense bones, resulting from a deficiency in the number and/or function of bone-resorbing osteoclast cells. In cattle, osteopetrosis can either be induced during gestation by viral infection of the dam, or inherited as a recessive defect. Genetically affected calves are typically aborted late in gestation, display skull deformities and exhibit a marked reduction of osteoclasts. Although mutations in several genes are associated with osteopetrosis in humans and mice, the genetic basis of the cattle disorder was previously unknown.

Results: We have conducted a whole-genome …

In Vivo And In Vitro Pathogenesis Of Francisella Asiatica In Tilapia Nilotica (Oreochromis Niloticus), Esteban Soto

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Francisella asiatica is a Gram negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes fish francisellosis. In this project, homologues to the F. tularensis iglABCD genes were found present in F. asiatica. As few as 23 F. asiatica bacteria injected in the peritoneum were found capable of causing mortalities in tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus), and even fewer were enough to cause pathological changes. We examined the in vivo and in vitro interaction of F. asiatica wild type (WT) and a ÄiglC strain with tilapia and tilapia head kidney derived macrophages (HKDM). The ÄiglC was found to be attenuated following intraperitoneal and immersion challenges …

The Effect Of Copper Complex Of Methionine Compared With Copper Sulfate In Growing Pigs, Lyubomir Angelov, Velichka Vrabcheva, Metodi Petrichev, Lidiya Borisova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to compare 2 copper products and examine their influence on hematological parameters, body weight, and content of copper and iron in the liver and spleen of pigs. In this experiment, 60 day-old pigs, bw \approx 10 kg, (Camborough hybrid) were fed 1 of 3 treatments for 20 days: 20 ppm copper from copper methionine (Cu MET), 40 ppm copper from Cu MET, and 20 ppm Cu from copper sulfate (Cu SUL). Control group did not receive any copper supplementation. Our data show that a daily dose of 20 ppm Cu MET supplemented to the …

Prepucial Urethrostomy Performed Using The Coating Technique, Suphi̇ Erdem Acar, Murat Şaroğlu, Defne Joan Sadalak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Penile urethral obstruction in cats is a commonly seen clinical case in veterinary medicine practice. In cases where there is no response to catheterisation or medical intervention, surgery is needed to enable urination and correct uraemia and hyperkalaemia. Several surgical techniques of urethrostomy have been described for this aim. In performing standard prepucial urethrostomy great care must be taken to minimise leakage in the anastomosis site and promote healing when performing the pelvic urethra and prepucial mucosa anastomosis. To achieve this, the line of anastomosis has been reinforced by covering the anastomosis with the bilateral bulbourethral tissue, m. ischiourethralis and …

Effects Of Marketing Chicken Meat As A Whole Or Cut Up On Enterprise Income, Ferhan Kaygisiz, Yavuz Cevger

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

As research material, 521 broiler carcasses, 308 of which were cut up manually and 213 of which were cut up with machine, were used. The carcasses cut up were divided into 6 groups based on their weights. In both methods, the whole weights of the carcasses were determined first and recorded. After that, they were divided into 3 parts as wings, legs, and breast. It was found that the process of cutting up takes 12 s by hand and 50.5 s with machine. As a result of cutting up, net income increase was determined as 13.75% for manual cutting up …

Treatment Of Hypersexuality And Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy With Delmadinone Acetate In Intact Male Dogs, Hakki Bülent Beceri̇kli̇soy, Serhan Serhat Ay, Duygu Kaya, Ali̇ Reha Ağaoğlu, İbrahi̇m Küçükaslan, Okan Ali̇ Aksoy, Ni̇l Erünal Maral, Murat Findik, Seli̇m Aslan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of delmadinone acetate (DMA) for the treatment of hypersexuality (HS) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), which are frequently observed in male dogs, for which no surgical treatment has been indicated. The study was performed with 21 intact male dogs that had HS (n = 12) and signs of BPH (n = 9). DMA (Tardak® or Tardastrex®) was administered subcutaneously to each dog at a dose of 3-5 mg/kg and was repeated 15 days later as a second treatment. DMA administration was repeated in some cases until the clinical signs …

Determination Of Optimal Dose Of Egf For Bovine Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent In Vitro Fertilization And Culture In Two Media, Ayhan Baştan, Bülent Polat, Duygu Baki̇ Acar, Ömer Korkmaz, Armağan Çolak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of EGF on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and to investigate the effect of different IVF and IVC media on development of bovine embryos matured with EGF. Oocytes collected from a slaughterhouse were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group of oocytes was incubated with different doses of EGF (Control: 0 ng/mL, Group 1: 1 ng/mL, Group 2: 10 ng/mL, and Group 3: 100 ng/mL) for 24 h to determine the optimal dose. Matured oocytes were fertilized with frozen-thawed bull sperm by using the swim-up method. The oocytes …

Effects Of Supplemental Fructo-Oligosaccharide And Mannan-Oligosaccharide On Nutrient Digestibilities, Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations, And Immune Function In Horses, Emel Gürbüz, Fatma İnal, Saki̇ne Ülküm Ata, Özcan Bariş Çi̇ti̇l, Kürşat Kav, Fati̇h Küçükkaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research was performed to study the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on nutrient digestibilities, fecal pH and volatile fatty acids compositions, and immune function in adult horses. Four adult Thoroughbred horses were used in a 4×4 Latin Square design with 20-day treatment periods. A 12-day adaptation phase was followed by 6-day collection of feces and 2-day blood sampling phases. Four different treatments were administered: 1) Control (no supplemental FOS or MOS; 2) 30 g of FOS/d; 3) 30 g of MOS/d; 4) 15 g of FOS+15 g of MOS/d. There were no differences among treatments in the …

Prevalence Of Post Parturient Haemoglobinuria In Buffalo And Therapeutic Trials With Toldimfos Sodium And Tea Leaves In Pakistan, Aneela Zameer Durrani, Nadeem Kamal, Abdul Rauf Shakoori, Rana Muhammad Younus

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of post parturient haemoglobinuria in buffaloes, and to compare the therapeutic efficacy of toldimfos sodium, sodium acid phosphate, and tea leaves. The prevalence of disease in 1000 animals, grouped according to varying stages of lactation and pregnancy, was recorded. Screening of positive animals based on clinical signs of haemoglobinuria, anaemia, and moderate pyrexia was performed. Urine and blood samples were collected. Blood samples were processed for haematological parameters and biochemical profile. Blood films were made and stained. The animals that were positive for disease were treated with sodium acid phosphate, …

Determination Of Microbial Contamination Sources At A Frankfurter Sausage Processing Line, Ebru Güngör, Nalan Gökoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine microbial contamination sources during sausage processing. The samples were taken at 6 different stages of the sausage processing line in a local plant. Minced meat, sausage batter, stuffed sausage, cooked sausage, peeled sausage, and pasteurized sausage samples were examined microbiologically. Moreover, spices and ice water used in production, personnel hands, and equipment were examined. Counts of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, yeasts, and molds in minced meat were found to be 7.02, 3.83, 4.42, and 1.62 log cfu/g, respectively. E. coli and yeast-mold counts in sausage batter reached 3.99 and 1.72 …

Investigation Of Antimicrobial Susceptibility For Enterococci Isolated From Cats And Dogs And The Determination Of Resistance Genes By Polymerase Chain Reaction, Süheyla Türkyilmaz, Vasfi̇ye Erdem, Bülent Bozdoğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and to determinate the resistance genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) among enterococci isolated from healthy cats and dogs in İzmir, Turkey. From a total of 114 rectal swabs, 91 (31 cats and 60 dogs) stains were isolated as enterococci. Twenty eight isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and 63 as Enterococcus faecium with the API 20 IDStrep system. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by disc diffusion. Susceptibility rates of all enterococci strains were found as 100.0%, 95.6%, 94.5%, 87.9%, 84.6%, 30.8%, 29.7%, and 0.0% for teicoplanin, penicillin, vancomycine, chloramphenicol, …

The Effects Of Dietary Ascorbic Acid Supplementation On Collagen And Amino Acid Concentrations In Japanese Quails Exposed To Heat Stress, Kami̇l Seyrek, Hakan Erbaş, Mukadder Serter, Çi̇ğdem Yeni̇sey, Funda Kiral, Hüsnü Erbay Bardakçioğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A considerable body of data exists regarding the role of vitamin C in mammalian physiology; however, there are no data about the effects of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on collagen concentrations and amino acid levels in animals exposed to heat stress. The present study investigated the effects of supplementary ascorbic acid intake on collagen concentrations in the brain and heart tissue in Japanese quails. In addition, glycine, glutamine, histidine, asparagine, and serine contents in the livers of the same animals were measured. Japanese quails were allocated into 4 groups, each of which was exposed to heat stress (34.8 ± 1.25 …

Influence Of \Beta-1,3/1,6 Glucan Applications On Some Non-Specific Cellular Immune Response And Haematologic Parameters Of Healthy Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus L., 1758), Aysel Şahan, Selçuk Duman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effects of \beta-glucan administration at different dosages on non-specific immune response and haematological parameters in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were investigated. Fish were fed with diets containing 0.5% and 0.1% glucan (experiment) and without glucan (control) for 2 weeks. After feeding for 2 weeks with 2 different dosages, erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC), hematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb) amount, leukocyte cell types (percentage of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil), the values of phagocytic activities, erythrocyte cell indexes (MCV and MCH) and blood cell sizes were determined. WBC and phagocytic activity amounts, percentages of lymphocyte and monocyte of …

Interaction Between Particle Sizes Of Alfalfa Hay And Corn Grain On Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Chewing Activity, And Ruminal Ph Of Dairy Cows, Mehmet Ali̇ Bal, E. Banu Büyükünal Bal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to determine the interactions between alfalfa hay and corn grain particle sizes on nutrient intake, milk yield, milk composition, chewing activity, and ruminal pH of dairy cows. Alfalfa hay was chopped either at 4 cm (long; L) or 1 cm (short; S) theoretical length of cut. Particle size of corn grain was obtained by grinding either at 1 mm (coarse; C) or less than 1 mm (fine; F) mean particle size. Four lactating multiparous Holstein cows were assigned in a 4×4 Latin Square design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 21-day periods. …

Frequency And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Pasteurella Multocida And Mannheimia Haemolytica Isolates From Nasal Cavities Of Cattle, Kaan Önat, Serpi̇l Kahya, K. Tayfun Çarli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica from nasal cavities of cattle, and to find antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates. Bilateral nasal swab samples were collected from 47 clinically healthy Holstein cattle, with no history of antimicrobial treatment prior to sampling. Respectively, 5 and 27 isolates were identified as M. haemolytica and P. multocida. Seventeen samples from cattle of 1 year or younger were found to have P. multocida. On the other hand, from 29 samples from cattle of 2 years or older, 10 P. multocida and 5 M. …

A Case Study Of The Clinical Form Of Johne’S Disease In A Heifer, Agnieszka Wiszniewsk Laszczych, Joanna Szteyn, Aleksandra Ruszczynska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Johne's disease-paratuberculosis-affects domesticated and wild ruminants throughout the world. The first symptoms of the disease appear 6 months to 15 years after infection. The clinical stage of paratuberculosis usually occurs in older animals and is rare in those under 2 years of age. While performing analyses on a farm in the northeastern region of Poland a 2-year-old heifer that manifested symptoms of dyspepsia, proceeding with watery diarrhea, was observed. ELISA test (IDEXX) results demonstrated a positive serological reaction for paratuberculosis. Clinical examination, microbiological analysis of feces, autopsy, and histopathological examination confirmed the incidence of Johne's disease in the heifer.

Analysis Of Larynx Measurements And Proportions In Young And Adult Domestic Pigs (Sus Scropha Domestica), Jaroslaw Wysocki, Ewa Kielska, Izabela Janiuk, Anna Charuta

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to examine differences in proportions of the larynx between young and adult domestic pigs. Larynges (17 piglets and 14 adults) were obtained from a slaughterhouse where pigs were routinely slaughtered. Anatomical preparation, observation, and description, as well as measurements performed using MULTISCAN image analysis, were used. In the statistical analysis, apart from the arithmetic mean (x) and the standard deviation (SD), Student's t test was used with the statistical significance at \alpha = 0.05. The results showed that a significant influence of sex was observed as far as proportions of the epiglottic cartilage …

Comparative Efficacy Of Seven Brands Of Albendazole Against Naturally Acquired Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Sheep In Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia, Bersissa Kumsa, Adugna Tolera, Ajebu Nurfeta

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 7 brands of albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep in southern Ethiopia. The study included 120 local breed male sheep purchased in Hawassa. The sheep were divided into 8 groups of 15 animals each. Group 1 served as the untreated control, whereas groups 2-8 were treated with ABZ1, ABZ2, ABZ3, ABZ4, ABZ5, ABZ6, and ABZ7, respectively. Fecal samples were collected before treatment on day 0, and again on post-treatment day 12. The efficacy of all 7 brands of albendazole was determined on post-treatment day 12 based on the fecal egg …

The Pharmacokinetics Of Cefepime In Goats Following Single-Dose I.V. And I.M. Administration, Shahi̇d Prawez, Raji̇nder Raina, Dimitritchka Dimitrova, Nri̇p Ki̇shore Pankaj, Azad Ahmad Ahanger, Pawan Kumar Verma

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The pharmacokinetics of cefepime was studied in 5 goats following i.v. and i.m. administration of 10 mg/kg of body weight. Following i.v. administration, the cefepime plasma concentration-time curves were best fitted in a one-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t1/2\beta), area under curve (AUC0/rightarrow/infinity), and total body clearance (ClB) were 1.86 ± 0.54 h, 181.58 ± 80.52 \mug.h/mL, and 1.10 ± 0.54 mL/min/kg, respectively. Following i.m. administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using statistical moment theory (SMT). The drug was absorbed rapidly, with an absorption half-life (t1/2abs) of 0.77 ± 0.34 h. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 49.32 ± 10.33 …

Responses To Abrupt Changes In Feeding And Illumination In Laying Hens, Ashraf M. Khalil, Kanji Matsui, Ken-Ichi Takeda

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the responses to abrupt changes in feeding and illumination during the egg-laying period. Six hens were housed individually in cages under constant environmental conditions, with a photoperiod of 15 h (0400-1900) and ad libitum access to food for 10 days. Then the same hens were subjected to a feed withdrawal trial (between 1200 and 0830), followed by a 5-h reduction in the photoperiod (0400-1400). The heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT), and locomotor activity (LA) of the laying hens were measured continuously using radiotelemetry, with simultaneous recording of the time of oviposition. Behavioral responses to …

Single Intramuscular Administration Of Long-Acting Oxytetracycline In Grouper (Epinephelus Marginatus), George Rigos, Pantelis Katharios, Nikos Papandroulakis

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The plasma concentration of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC-LA) was measured following a single intramuscular (IM) injection (50 mg/kg) in grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), a common inhabitant of marine aquaria and a potential candidate for fish farming. The experiment was carried out at 20 °C and sampling points were selected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-administration. OTC concentration in grouper circulation was maintained at high levels for the whole experiment (8.35-39.67 \mug/mL) with maximum plasma concentration measured at 1 h post-injection. The area under the curve values was also promising since AUC0-24 and AUC 0-48 …

Spontaneous Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor: Cell Morphology And Influence On P-Glycoprotein Expression, Luis Fernando Jantzen Gaspar, Isabelle Ferreira, Marcia Moleta Colodel, Cláudia Valéria Seullner Brandão, Noeme Sousa Rocha

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study aimed to determine P-glycoprotein expression according to TVT cell morphology in 42 dogs with confirmed TVT, classified into lymphocytoid, plasmocytoid, and mixed. The chemotherapy efficiency was investigated along with its relation to P-glycoprotein expression in tumoral cells, evaluated by immunocytochemistry, considering positive tumors more than 10% stained. Among the samples collected, 50.00% possessed plasmocytoid morphology, 18.63% lymphocytoid, and 31.37% mixed. The plasmocytoid presented greater immunoreactivity to the anti-P-glycoprotein antibody in relation to the lymphocytoid. It was observed that the plasmocytoid was less sensitive to chemotherapy. The cases that had partial clinical response in the lymphocytoid were less …

Prevalence And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Salmonella Serovars Isolated From Poultry Meat In Hyderabad, Pakistan, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Muhammad Khaskheli, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto, Ghiasuddin Shah, Azizullah Memon, Parkash Dewani

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chicken meat sold in Hyderabad, Pakistan. A total of 100 samples were randomly collected from poultry meat retail markets and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The prevalence rate recorded was 38%. The most prevalent serogroups were S. enteritidis, S. typhi, S. pullorum, and S. typhimurium. All the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, and sensitivity to tetracycline, streptomycin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The findings highlighted the magnitude of Salmonella contamination in chicken meat sold in the city, and the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella …

Bilateral Abscesses Of The Maxillary Carnassial Teeth In A Female Pekinese, Abutorab Tabatabaei Naeini, Alireza Raayat Jahromi, Samira Mehrshad

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Tooth infections are typically seen in older dogs as a result of poor oral hygiene (periodontal disease) or traumatic tooth fractures (endodontic and periapical disease). An 8-year-old female Pekinese was presented due to bilateral draining tracts located just under its eyes, and a history of healing and recurrence of the lesions after about 3 weeks of systemic antibiotic therapy. Dental radiography revealed bilateral carnassial tooth root abscesses. Both teeth were extracted under general anesthesia. With proper postoperative care the abscesses healed with no further complications.

First Report Of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis In Bulgaria, Ilia Tsachev, Ioannis D. Kyriazis, Sofia Boutsini, Evdokia Karagouni, Eleni Dotsika

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Seroepidemiological studies on canine leishmaniasis in Bulgaria, even in areas where human leishmaniasis has been detected, are controversial. This report describes 2 clinical cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The disease was confirmed by microscopical, serological, and molecular methods. It is, therefore, suggested that infected dogs could constitute the reservoir for human leishmaniasis in the country.

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (Giant Cell Type) Of Soft Parts In The Abdominal Mammary Region Of A Female Ankara (Angora) Cat, Musa Özgür Özyi̇ği̇t, Deni̇z Nak, Rahşan Yilmaz, Yavuz Nak, Gözde Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present report describes a giant cell type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), diagnosed in soft parts of the right abdominal mammary region, in an 11-year old, 8 kg, nulliparous female Ankara (Angora) cat diagnosed in soft parts of the right abdominal mammary region. The tumor, surgically excised from the abdominal region, had a flexible consistency with ulcerated overlying skin. The tumor was elliptical (8.0 cm × 7.0 cm × 5.0 cm) with a necrotic area of 3.0 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.0 cm in the middle of the cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor was subcutaneous and unencapsulated. Tumor …

Hydrosalpinx And Hydrobursitis In Infertile Goats, Kaiser Dawood

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Five adult female goats were brought to our veterinary hospital with infertility. Ultrasonography showed what seemed to be hydrometra or cystic lesion in the genital region of 18-month-old twin local breed female goats. After slaughter of the does and excision of the genital tract, a macroscopic examination revealed bilateral hydrosalpinx and extreme dilation of the ovarian bursa with complete capsulation of the active ovary in the cystic ovarian bursa on each side. Amber to dark brown fluid fully filled the oviduct and the cystic structure of the ovarian bursa. Microscopically, the ovarian bursa showed an obvious chronic inflammation and an …

Intestinal Geotrichosis In A German Shepherd, Yajane Lee, Wei-Li Hsu, Chin-Fu Lin, Shao-Wei Lee, Feng-Pang Cheng

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 4-year-old sexually intact male German shepherd with a 3-month history of chronic watery diarrhea was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Dehydration and serum biochemistry revealed hypoalbuminemia, and fecal material contained a large quantity of round arthroconidia that were microscopically observed. A specimen was submitted for fungal culture and yielded a white to cream-colored subsurface colony. Microorganisms derived from the colony exhibited chains of smooth, septate hyaline hyphae that were producing 1-celled arthroconidia. Geotrichum candidum was thus identified. Colonoscopic features included erythema, edema, and loss of the usual fine vascular pattern, with granularity of the mucosa of the …

The Role Of Bone Marrow In Siv Pathogenesis Using The Rhesus Macaque Model, Amy F. Gill

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

CD4+ memory T cells are depleted in mucosal tissues post human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection without restoration to pre-infection levels during progressive course of disease. Bone marrow (BM) as a hematopoietic organ has been investigated for hematologic and morphologic changes during HIV infection. However, BM as a primary lymphoid tissue during HIV infection has been poorly characterized. We proposed BM was also a site of CD4+ T cell depletion driven by increased apoptosis during progressive HIV disease. We chose to investigate bone marrow changes using the premier non-human primate Rhesus macaque SIV model for the …