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Articles 1831 - 1860 of 1941

Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine

Major Histocompatibility Complex-Restricted Cd8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes From Horses With Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Recognize Env And Gag/Pr Proteins, Travis C. Mcguire, Daniel B. Tumas, Katherine M. Byrne, Melissa T. Hines, Steven R. Leib, Alberta L. Brassfield, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Lance E. Perryman Jan 1994

Major Histocompatibility Complex-Restricted Cd8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes From Horses With Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Recognize Env And Gag/Pr Proteins, Travis C. Mcguire, Daniel B. Tumas, Katherine M. Byrne, Melissa T. Hines, Steven R. Leib, Alberta L. Brassfield, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Lance E. Perryman

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can control some viral infections and may be important in the control of lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Since there is limited evidence for an in vivo role of CTL in control of lentiviruses, dissection of immune mechanisms in animal lentiviral infections may provide needed information. Horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus, have acute plasma viremia which is terminated in immunocompetent horses. Viremic episodes may recur, but most horses ultimately control infection and become asymptomatic carriers. To begin dissection of the immune mechanisms involved in EIAV control, peripheral blood mononuclear …

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Status Of Bovine Tuberculosis In North America, M. A. Essey, M. A. Koller Jan 1994

Status Of Bovine Tuberculosis In North America, M. A. Essey, M. A. Koller

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The eradication of bovine tuberculosis from North America is in the advanced stages as Canada and the United States struggle to remove the last vestiges of the disease from the domestic livestock population. Canada realistically anticipates total eradication from the national cattle herd within the next few years. The United States must yet effectively deal with the increased tuberculosis exposure potential from imported steers and from bovine tuberculosis newly discovered in its captive cervid industry. This paper reviews the history and development of tuberculosis eradication programs in North America. The basic evolution is described from area testing to slaughter surveillance …

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The Role Of A Wildlife Reservoir In The Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis, D. U. Pfeiffer Jan 1994

The Role Of A Wildlife Reservoir In The Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis, D. U. Pfeiffer

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The objective of this project was to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the presence of a wildlife reservoir species. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of possum populations with endemic bovine tuberculosis infection were analyzed. The results were used to develop a computer simulation model of the dynamics of bovine tuberculosis infection in possum populations. A case-control study of breakdowns to tuberculosis infection in cattle herds in the Central North Island of New Zealand was conducted to identify risk factors other than exposure to tuberculosis in local possum populations.

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1994 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson Jan 1994

1994 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two grazing trials were conducted to determine i/protein or energy was first limiting in the spring-and fall-born nursing calf grazing native sandhills range. Spring-born calves supplemented with escape protein gained more rapidly than calves supplemented with energy or nonsupplemented controls. Fall-born calves supplemented with escape protein gained more rapidly than those supplemented with rumen degradable protein or energy and nonsupplemented controls early in the trial, but gained at a similar rate to the energy controls by the end of the trial. Milk intake was similar across treatments for both trials. Escape protein is more limiting in the young nursing calf …

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Morphometric Analysis Of Enteric Lesions In C3h/Hen Mice Inoculated With Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Serotypes 2 And 4 With Or Without Oral Streptomycin Pretreatment, Jagannatha V. Mysore, Gerald Duhamel Jan 1994

Morphometric Analysis Of Enteric Lesions In C3h/Hen Mice Inoculated With Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Serotypes 2 And 4 With Or Without Oral Streptomycin Pretreatment, Jagannatha V. Mysore, Gerald Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The segmental distribution and sequential progression and the role of the indigenous bacterial flora in the development of enteric lesions associated with Serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in laboratory mice have not been defined. We examined the distribution and sequential morphometric changes in the large intestine of mice orally inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4. To determine the role of colonization resistance conferred by the indigenous bacterial flora, 40 female C3H/HeN mice were administered water alone or water containing 5 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate ad libitum for seven days prior to orogastric inoculation either with S. hyodysenteriae or sterile trypticase soy …

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Immunocompromise In Gnotobiotic Pigs Induced By Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (O111:Nm), Jane Christopher-Hennings, Joann A. Willgohs, David H. Francis, Usha A. K. Raman, Rodney A. Moxley, David J. Hurley Jun 1993

Immunocompromise In Gnotobiotic Pigs Induced By Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (O111:Nm), Jane Christopher-Hennings, Joann A. Willgohs, David H. Francis, Usha A. K. Raman, Rodney A. Moxley, David J. Hurley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O111:NM strain (strain 10049; verotoxin 1 positive) persistently infected experimentally inoculated gnotobiotic pigs, causing attaching-effacing intestinal lesions and chronic diarrhea. Experiments were performed to determine whether persistent infection might be associated with immunocompromise of the host by this organism. Pigs inoculated with this strain had a significant reduction in peripheral blood lymphocytes and lower antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes compared with control pigs. Compared with pigs given a verotoxin-negative pathogenic strain of the same serotype (O111:NM, strain 2430), pigs inoculated with the verotoxin-positive strain had lower peripheral lymphocyte counts and proliferative responses to concanavalin A, …

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Rapid Assessment Of Drug Susceptibilities Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis By Means Of Luciferase Reporter Phages, William R. Jacobs Jr., Raul G. Barletta, Rupa Udani, John Chan, Gary Kalkut, Gabriel Sosne, Tobias Kieser, Gary J. Sarkis, Graham F. Hatfull, Barry R. Bloom May 1993

Rapid Assessment Of Drug Susceptibilities Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis By Means Of Luciferase Reporter Phages, William R. Jacobs Jr., Raul G. Barletta, Rupa Udani, John Chan, Gary Kalkut, Gabriel Sosne, Tobias Kieser, Gary J. Sarkis, Graham F. Hatfull, Barry R. Bloom

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Effective chemotherapy of tuberculosis requires rapid assessment of drug sensitivity because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility was assessed by a simple method based on the efficient production of photons by viable mycobacteria infected with specific reporter phages expressing the firefly luciferase gene. Light production was dependent on phage infection, expression of the luciferase gene, and the level of cellular adenosine triphosphate. Signals could be detected within minutes after infection of virulent M. tuberculosis with reporter phages. Culture of conventional strains with antituberculosis drugs, including isoniazid or rifampicin, resulted in extinction of light production. In contrast, …

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Genetic Identificationo F A Hantavirusa Ssociated With An Outbreako F Acute Respiratoryi Llness, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Sergey Morzunov, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Heinz Feldmann, Anthony Sanchez, James E. Childs, Sherif Zaki, Clarence J. Peters Jan 1993

Genetic Identificationo F A Hantavirusa Ssociated With An Outbreako F Acute Respiratoryi Llness, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Sergey Morzunov, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Heinz Feldmann, Anthony Sanchez, James E. Childs, Sherif Zaki, Clarence J. Peters

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.

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Infection With A Ratborne Hantavirus In Us Residents Is Consistently Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease, Gregory E. Glass, Alan J. Watson, James W. Leduc, Gabor D. Kelen, Thomas C. Quinn, James E. Childs Jan 1993

Infection With A Ratborne Hantavirus In Us Residents Is Consistently Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease, Gregory E. Glass, Alan J. Watson, James W. Leduc, Gabor D. Kelen, Thomas C. Quinn, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A survey of 8080 subjects was conducted in Baltimore, examining the association between infection with hantaviruses and renal disease. Two groups (N = 6060) with no known risk factors were selected to establish a baseline antibody prevalence. Overall, antibody prevalence was 0.25%. Seroprevalence increased with age, without sex- or race-related differences. Patients with proteinuria showed the same patterns of infection but were more commonly seropositive (1.46%) than the reference group( OR, 3.23; P < .05). Infection among dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease was 2.76%, significantly higher than in the reference group( OR, 5.03; P < .05). In the proteinuria and the dialysis groups, hantavirus infection was consistently associated with a diagnosis of hypertensive renal disease. The association was unrelated to other chronic renal disease diagnoses. Overall, 6.5% of patients with end-stage renal disease due to hypertension were seropositive for a hantavirus. These data suggest that hantavirus infection is associated with hypertensive renal disease.

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1993 Beef Cattle Report Jan 1993

1993 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cow-Calf • Forage Systems Using Sandhills Subirrigated Meadows and Range: Beef Production Traits • Forage Systems Using Sandhills Subirrigated Meadows and Range: Economic Analysis • High Quality Meadow Hay as a Winter Supplement for Gestating Beef Cows in the Sandhills of Nebraska • Heifers Sired by Bulls with Either High or Low EPD's for Marbling Do Not Differ in Age at Puberty • Synovex C Affects Growth, Reproduction, and Calving in Heifers • Synthetic Progestins Influence Secretion of Luteinizing and Timing of Ovulation • Level of Progesterone Influences Pregnancy Rate in Beef Cows and Heifers • Combination of Factors (Ratios) …

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Detection Of Serum Antibody Responses In Cattle With Natural Or Experimental Neospora Infections, Patricia Conrad, Karen Sverlow, Mark Anderson, Joan Rowe, Robert Bondurant, Gwen Tuter, Richard Breitmeyer, California Department Of Food And Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Mark Thurmond, Alex Ardans, J. P. Dubey, Gerarld Duhamel, Bradd Barr Jan 1993

Detection Of Serum Antibody Responses In Cattle With Natural Or Experimental Neospora Infections, Patricia Conrad, Karen Sverlow, Mark Anderson, Joan Rowe, Robert Bondurant, Gwen Tuter, Richard Breitmeyer, California Department Of Food And Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Mark Thurmond, Alex Ardans, J. P. Dubey, Gerarld Duhamel, Bradd Barr

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Parasite-specific antibody responses were detected using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test in cattle that were naturally or experimentally infected with Neospora parasites. The test was developed using Neospora tachyzoites isolated from an aborted bovine fetus and grown in bovine cell cultures (isolate BPA1). In all cases, infections were confirmed by the identification of Neospora tachyzoites and/or bradyzoite cysts in fetal or calf tissues using an immunoperoxidase test procedure. Fifty-five naturally infected cows that aborted Neospora-infected fetuses had titers of 320-5,120 at the time of abortion. The titer of 6 cows that were serologically monitored over a prolonged period decreased …

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Localization Of Cis-Acting Sequences In The Latency-Related Promoter Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Which Are Regulated By Neuronal Cell Type Factors And Immediate Early Genes, A. C. Bratanich, Clinton J. Jones Oct 1992

Localization Of Cis-Acting Sequences In The Latency-Related Promoter Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Which Are Regulated By Neuronal Cell Type Factors And Immediate Early Genes, A. C. Bratanich, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. During a latent infection, a single latency-related (LR) transcript is expressed. This observation suggested that DNA sequences in the LR promoter are positively regulated by neural cell type factors. The regulation of the LR gene was examined in neural cells as well as nonneural cells in transient assays. A 258-bp XbaI-SphI fragment from the LR promoter cis activated the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase promoter in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells and differentiated human (HCNIA) neurons. In contrast, cis activation was not …

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Reproductive Characteristics Of Rodent Assemblages In Cultivated Regions Of Central Argentina, James N. Mills, Barbara A. Ellis, Kelly T. Mckee, Julio I. Maiztegui, James E. Childs Jan 1992

Reproductive Characteristics Of Rodent Assemblages In Cultivated Regions Of Central Argentina, James N. Mills, Barbara A. Ellis, Kelly T. Mckee, Julio I. Maiztegui, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Small mammals were trapped for 2 years at 16 localities on the central-Argentine pampa. Six species (Akodon azarae, Calomys musculinus, C. laucha, Bolomys obscurus, Oligory-zomys flavescens and Mus musculus) accounted for >95% of captures. The major breeding season, as assessed by pregnancies, was September or October through April or May. Mild weather in late autumn and winter of the second season resulted in a relatively longer breeding season during the 2nd year of the study. Females of all six species comprised significantly 50% of captures during the height of the breeding season. For most species, there was …

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Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In North American Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Charles O. Thoen, William J. Quinn, Lyle D. Miller, Larry L. Stackhouse, Bradford F. Newcomb, James M. Ferrell Jan 1992

Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In North American Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Charles O. Thoen, William J. Quinn, Lyle D. Miller, Larry L. Stackhouse, Bradford F. Newcomb, James M. Ferrell

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovid infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed greater responses to M. bovis PPD tuberculin than to M. avium PPD tuberculin in 23 of 28 elk responding. At necropsy, several grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in the parenchyma of the lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of appropriately …

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Diarrhea Associated With Enterococcus Durans In Calves, Douglas G. Rogers, David H. Zeman, E. Denis Erickson Jan 1992

Diarrhea Associated With Enterococcus Durans In Calves, Douglas G. Rogers, David H. Zeman, E. Denis Erickson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterococci in the alimentary tract of animals are believed to be commensal bacteria.3 However, Enterococcus durans has been associated with diarrhea in foals, piglets, and puppies. The possibility that E. durans is associated with diarrhea in calves has not been established, although grampositive cocci adhered to villi, occasionally together with Cryptosporidia, have been seen histologically in the small intestine of diarrheic calves. This report describes the association of E. durans and diarrhea in 4 calves.

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A Novel Transposon Trap For Mycobacteria: Isolation And Characterization Of Is1096, Jeffrey D. Cirillo, Raul G. Barletta, Barry R. Bloom, William R. Jacobs Jr. Dec 1991

A Novel Transposon Trap For Mycobacteria: Isolation And Characterization Of Is1096, Jeffrey D. Cirillo, Raul G. Barletta, Barry R. Bloom, William R. Jacobs Jr.

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In the course of developing strategies to obtain a mutation in the aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) gene of Mycobacterium smegmatis, an efficient transposon trap was constructed which may be generally useful for the identification of transposable elements in mycobacteria. A DNA fragment containing the asd gene was replaced with an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph) to generate a Δasd::aph allele. Attempts to replace the wild-type asd gene with the Δasd::aph allele were unsuccessful, suggesting that this deletion was lethal to the growth of M. smegmatis. The plasmid, pYUB215, which …

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1992 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson Oct 1991

1992 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Economic efficiency of beef production to weaning and to slaughter was estimated in three groups, different in milk available (low, medium, and high) to the calves but the same in growth potential. Efficiency was the ratio of income to expenses. Income was derived from cull cows and calves at weaning or carcasses of calves fed to slaughter. Feed and non-feed expenses for the cowherd and for calves to weaning or to slaughter were included. Efficiencies were estimated assuming observed reproductive rates and energy requirements for maintenance, as well as for equal reproductive rates and equal requirements for maintenance in the …

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Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae-Induced Thymic Lesions In Mice And Pigs, D.L. Stine, M.J. Huether, Rodney A. Moxley, Subramaniam Srikumaran Sep 1991

Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae-Induced Thymic Lesions In Mice And Pigs, D.L. Stine, M.J. Huether, Rodney A. Moxley, Subramaniam Srikumaran

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Actinobacillus pkuropneumoniae produces several hemolysins/cytotoxins that may be important in the pathogenesis of acute lesions. Little is known, however, about the role of these virulence factors in chronic disease or the carrier state. We investigated the effects of live bacterial infection and transthoracic injection of a sterile culture supernatant on primary lymphoid organs and lymphocyte populations. Transthoracic inoculation of mice or intranasal inoculation of pigs with virulent A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 7 induced thymic cortical lymphoid necrosis. These lesions were reproduced in mice by transthoracic injection of a concentrated sterile culture supernatant. The cytotoxic effect of this culture supernatant …

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Cells That Express All Five Proteins Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus From Cloned Cdnas Support Replication, Assembly, And Budding Of Defective Interfering Particles, Asit K. Pattnaik, Gail W. Wertz Feb 1991

Cells That Express All Five Proteins Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus From Cloned Cdnas Support Replication, Assembly, And Budding Of Defective Interfering Particles, Asit K. Pattnaik, Gail W. Wertz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

An alternative approach to structurefunction analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) gene products and their interactions with one another during each phase of the viral life cycle is described. We showed previously by using the vaccinia viruslT7 RNA polymerase expression system that when cells expressing the nucleocapsid protein (N), the phosphoprotein (NS), and the large polymerase protein (L) of VSV were superinfected with defective interfering (DI) particles, rapid and efflicient replication and amplification of DI particle RNA occurred. Here, we demonstrate that all five VSV proteins can be expressed simultaneously when cells are cotransfected with plasmids containing the matrix protein …

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Habitat Associations And Relative Densities Of Rodent Populations In Cultivated Areas Of Central Argentina, James N. Mills, Barbara A. Ellis, Kelly T. Mckee, Julio I. Maiztegui, James E. Childs Jan 1991

Habitat Associations And Relative Densities Of Rodent Populations In Cultivated Areas Of Central Argentina, James N. Mills, Barbara A. Ellis, Kelly T. Mckee, Julio I. Maiztegui, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Small mammals were livetrapped during 12 months in crop fields and weedy borders at 18 sites in central Argentina. A total of 1,652 mammals of 14 species was captured during3 3,060 trap-nights. Six species of rodents comprised > 95% of captures. Periodically disturbed fields of crops were dominated by Calomys musculinus and C. laucha, and to a lesser extent Mus musculus. A second group composed of Akodon azarae, Bolomys obscures, and Oligoryzomys flavescens primarily inhabited the more stable, weedy borders of cultivated fields. Peaks in relative densities of C. musculinus, C. laucha, and M . musculus …

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Monoclonal Antibodies To The Fusion Protein Of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Kent M. Mulkey, Gary A. Anderson Jan 1991

Monoclonal Antibodies To The Fusion Protein Of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Kent M. Mulkey, Gary A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Five monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine respiratory syncytial virus were characterized by Western immunoblotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, and epitope mapping assays. The monoclonal antibodies were found to be specific for the fusion protein, and there were at least two antigen binding sites, one of which was neutralizing.

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1991 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson Oct 1990

1991 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year study tested the hypothesis that growth rate interacts with bull exposure to influence age at puberty in heifers. Heifers exposed to sterile bulls and fed to achieve a high growth rate (1.8 lb/day) attained puberty 73 days earlier than heifers not exposed to bulls and fed to a moderate growth rate (1.3 lb/day). Heifers exposed to bulls and fed to achieve a moderate growth rate attained puberty at ages similar to heifers not exposed to bulls and fed to a high growth rate. Furthermore. heifers receiving these two treatments attained puberty 23 days earlier than heifers not exposed …

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Effects Of Ethanol Extraction And Heat Treatment Of Soybean Flakes On Function And Morphology Of Pig Intestine, J. D. Hancock, E. R. Peo Jr., A. J. Lewis, Rodney A. Moxley Oct 1990

Effects Of Ethanol Extraction And Heat Treatment Of Soybean Flakes On Function And Morphology Of Pig Intestine, J. D. Hancock, E. R. Peo Jr., A. J. Lewis, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Digesta and tissue samples were collected from the intestinal tracts of 27 pigs to determine the relationship between intestinal morphology and the utilization of nutrients from soybean flakes. Soybean flake treatments were under-, intermediate- and overprocessed (Le., 5, 20 and 60 min of autoclaving) either without extraction or with heating before or after extraction with a 55% ethanol-water mixture. Final BW was greatest (P< .001) for pigs fed soybean flakes given 20 min of heat treatment. There was a trend (P < .09) for plasma lysine concentrations to be reduced when the unextracted soybean flakes were over-processed (60 min of heat). Differences in the flow rate of DM and N through the ileum and colon reflected differences in DM and N intake, rather than differences in intestinal function. The soybean flake treatments had no effect (P > .OS) on pH of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, ileum or colon. The ethanol extraction process increased (P < .001) N digestibility of the soybean flakes, especially when the soybean flakes were underprocessed (interaction, P < .02). Villus size (area, height and perimeter length) tended to be greater in pigs fed the soybean flakes heated after extraction and(or) exposed to the intermediate level of heat treatment. Indicators of villus shape (villus area/ villus height) and proliferative activity (crypt depth and villus heigh/crypt depth) were not affected by soybean flake treatment (P > .OS). Ethanol extraction and heat treatment affected the utilization of nutrients …

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Replication And Amplification Of Defective Interfering Particle Rn As Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Cells Expressing Viral Proteins From Vectors Containing Cloned Cdnas, Asit K. Pattnaik, Gail W. Wertz Jun 1990

Replication And Amplification Of Defective Interfering Particle Rn As Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Cells Expressing Viral Proteins From Vectors Containing Cloned Cdnas, Asit K. Pattnaik, Gail W. Wertz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Replication and amplification of RNA genomes of defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) depend on the expression of viral proteins and have untD now been attained only in ceUs coinfected with helper VSV. In the work described in this report, we used a recombinant vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase expression system to synthesize individual VSV proteins in cells transfected with plasmid DNAs that contain cDNA copies of the VSV genes downstream of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter. In this way, we were able to examine the ability of VSV proteins, individually and in combination, to support DI particle …

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Analysis Of The Transcriptional Promoter Which Regulates The Latency-Related Transcript Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Clinton J. Jones, G. Delhon, A. Bratanich, G. Kutish, D. Rock Mar 1990

Analysis Of The Transcriptional Promoter Which Regulates The Latency-Related Transcript Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Clinton J. Jones, G. Delhon, A. Bratanich, G. Kutish, D. Rock

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

As a transcriptional promoter in primary cultures of sensory ganglionic neurons, DNA sequences near the 5' terminus of the latency-related (LR) gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 were at least 10 times more efficient than the simian virus 40 early promoter-enhancer. In contrast, as a promoter in bovine, rodent, or monkey cells, the LR promoter was approximately six times less efficient than the simian virus 40 early promoter-enhancer. The LR promoter had strict orientation preferences in neurons and all other mammalian cell lines tested. Removal of a 146-base-pair XhoI fragment from the LR promoter resulted in stimulation of LR promoter …

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Chemical Immobilization Of Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes), Terry J. Kreeger, Ulysses S. Seal, John R. Tester Jan 1990

Chemical Immobilization Of Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes), Terry J. Kreeger, Ulysses S. Seal, John R. Tester

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were immobilized with one of the following drug combinations: ketamine/xylazine (n = 22), ketamine/ promazine (n = 35), ketamine/midazolam (n = 13), or tiletamine/zolazepam (n = 22). Foxes given ketamine/xylazine had the shortest induction and longest recovery times relative to other drug combinations, whereas foxes given ketamine/midazolam had the longest induction times. Recommended doses for the various combinations are given. Foxes given ketamine/xylazine were given either 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg yohimbine, or saline 40 mm after anesthetic induction. Administration of yohimbine significantly shortened arousal and recovery times relative to control values (P < 0.001).

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Determining Matrilines By Antibody Response To Exotic Antigens, Gregory E. Glass, James E. Childs, James W. Leduc, Sandra D. Cassard, Albert D. Donnenberg Jan 1990

Determining Matrilines By Antibody Response To Exotic Antigens, Gregory E. Glass, James E. Childs, James W. Leduc, Sandra D. Cassard, Albert D. Donnenberg

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The antibody responses of female Microtuspennsylvanicus inoculated with a series of antigens not normally encountered under field conditions were examined, and the kinetics of maternally acquired antibody loss in their offspring were determined. The initial antibody response in adults was rapid, peaking in 4-9 weeks, and long-lasting, with a half life of 4-5 months. Antibody levels in females were unaffected by parity, and more than one antigen could be given without affecting circulating-antibody titers. Antibody titers could be enhanced with additional inoculations. Maternal antibody in offspring increased until weaning at 3 weeks then declined exponentially. Minimal detectable titers were reached …

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Efficacy Of A Cell Extract From Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) Pleuropneumoniae Serotype 1 Against Disease In Swine, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, M.J. Huether, D.L. Stine, G. A. Anderson Jan 1990

Efficacy Of A Cell Extract From Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) Pleuropneumoniae Serotype 1 Against Disease In Swine, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, M.J. Huether, D.L. Stine, G. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We partially characterized a cell extract (CE) from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 and used the CE to test the efficacy of secreted proteins against disease. Secreted products from 4-h culture supernatants were precipitated with 20% polyethylene glycol. Analysis of the CE indicated the presence of protein, endotoxin, and carbohydrate. Hemolytic activity to bovine erythrocytes and cytotoxic activity to porcine mononuclear leukocytes was also demonstrated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the CE from a 4-h culture showed a major band at 110 kilodaltons (kDa), while a CE of a 26-h culture indicated the presence of a number of additional …

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Edema Disease-Like Brain Lesions In Gnotobiotic Piglets Infected With Escherichia Coli Serotype 0157:H7, David H. Francis, Rodney A. Moxley, Cecile Y. Andraos Apr 1989

Edema Disease-Like Brain Lesions In Gnotobiotic Piglets Infected With Escherichia Coli Serotype 0157:H7, David H. Francis, Rodney A. Moxley, Cecile Y. Andraos

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with Escherichia coli serotype 0157:H7 strains that produced Shiga-like toxin II developed brain lesions similar to those observed in edema disease of swine, including arteriolar necrosis and malacia. Loss of ability to produce Shiga-like toxin II resulted in loss of ability to cause brain lesions.

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Impairment Of Melibiose Utilization In Streptococcus Mutans Serotype C Gtfa Mutants, Raul G. Barletta, Roy Curtiss Iii Mar 1989

Impairment Of Melibiose Utilization In Streptococcus Mutans Serotype C Gtfa Mutants, Raul G. Barletta, Roy Curtiss Iii

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Streptococcus mutans serotype c gtfA gene encodes a 55-kilodalton sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme. Analysis of S. mutans gtfA mutants revealed that the mutant strains were specifically impaired in the ability to use melibiose as a sole carbon source. S. mutans gafA mutant strains synthesized less α-galactosidase activity inducible by raffinose than wild-type strains. Melibiose (an inducer in wild-type strains) failed to induce significant levels of a-galactosidase in the mutant strains. We hypothesize that melibiose use by . mutans requires the interaction of the GtfA enzyme, or another gene product under the control of the gtfA promoter, with other gene product(s) involved …

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