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University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 1941

Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine

Recombinant Mycobacteria Overexpressing D-Alanine Ligase Gene And Uses Therefore: United States Patent No. Us 7,371,571 B2, Raul G. Barletta, Zhengyu Feng May 2008

Recombinant Mycobacteria Overexpressing D-Alanine Ligase Gene And Uses Therefore: United States Patent No. Us 7,371,571 B2, Raul G. Barletta, Zhengyu Feng

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Recombinant mycobacterial strains which overproduce essential biosynthetic enzymes of pathogenic mycobateria are provided. These strains overproduce enzymes involved in the synthesis and incorporation of D-alanine into mycobacterial peptidoglycan, the backbone of the mycobacterial cell wall. These overproducing strains may be used as reference strains in in vitro screening methods to identify antimycobacterial agents.

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Brown Dog Tick: Vector For Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Craig Levy Feb 2008

Brown Dog Tick: Vector For Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Craig Levy

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), feeds primarily on dogs and until recently was not known to vector Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). In 2003–2004, fourteen cases of RMSF in humans occurred in eastern Arizona in the absence of known vectors, the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, and American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis. However, health officials found brown dog ticks to be very abundant in areas associated with human cases, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implicated that the brown dog tick was responsible for transmitting RMSF. Brown dog ticks occur throughout the United …

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Introducing Point Mutations Into The Atgs Of The Putative Open Reading Frames Of The Hsv-1 Gene Encoding The Latency Associated Transcript (Lat) Reduces Its Anti-Apoptosis Activity, Dale Carpenter, Gail A. Henderson, Chinhui Hsiang, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, S L. Wechsler Feb 2008

Introducing Point Mutations Into The Atgs Of The Putative Open Reading Frames Of The Hsv-1 Gene Encoding The Latency Associated Transcript (Lat) Reduces Its Anti-Apoptosis Activity, Dale Carpenter, Gail A. Henderson, Chinhui Hsiang, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, S L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency associated transcript (LAT) gene has anti-apoptosis activity that directly or indirectly enhances the virus’s reactivation phenotype in small animal models. The first 1.5 kb of the primary 8.3 kb LAT is sufficient and some or all of it is necessary for LAT’s anti-apoptosis in transient transfection assays and for LAT’s ability to enhance the reactivation phenotype. Based on LAT’s genomic sequence, the first 1.5 kb contains eight potential open reading frames (ORFs) defined as an ATG followed by an in frame termination codon. In this study, point mutations were introduced into the …

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Lactic Acid Bacteria Cultures That Inhibit Food-Borne Pathogens: U.S. Patent No. Us 7,323,166 B2, Mindy M. Brashears, Divya Jaroni Jan 2008

Lactic Acid Bacteria Cultures That Inhibit Food-Borne Pathogens: U.S. Patent No. Us 7,323,166 B2, Mindy M. Brashears, Divya Jaroni

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention provides methods and compositions for preventing or inhibiting human food-borne pathogens in animals, and methods for increasing feed efficiency in animals by administering to the animal effective amounts of probiotic lactic acid producing bacteria. Further provided are feed compositions comprising probiotic lactic acid producing bacteria. A preferred probiotic lactic acid producing bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus strain ATCC accession number PTA-5249. This bacterial strain inhibits nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli 0157:H7.

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Ecological Factors Associated With West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States, Heidi E. Brown, James E. Childs, Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Durland Fish Jan 2008

Ecological Factors Associated With West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States, Heidi E. Brown, James E. Childs, Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Durland Fish

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) disease has affected the northeastern United States. To describe the spatial epidemiology and identify risk factors for disease incidence, we analyzed 8 years (1999–2006) of county-based human WNV disease surveillance data. Among the 56.6 million residents in 8 northeastern states sharing primary enzootic vectors, we found 977 cases. We controlled for population density and potential bias from surveillance and spatial proximity. Analyses demonstrated significant spatial spreading from 1999 through 2004 (p2 = 0.16). A significant trend was apparent among increasingly urban counties; county quartiles with the least (0.75 cases/100,000 residents) than counties with the …

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Myenteric Neurons Of The Ileum That Express Somatostatin Are A Target Of Prion Neuroinvasion In An Alimentary Model Of Sheep Scrapie, David A. Schneider, Huijun Yan, Lindsay M. Fry, Janet Alverson, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke Jan 2008

Myenteric Neurons Of The Ileum That Express Somatostatin Are A Target Of Prion Neuroinvasion In An Alimentary Model Of Sheep Scrapie, David A. Schneider, Huijun Yan, Lindsay M. Fry, Janet Alverson, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Neuroinvasion of the enteric nervous system by prions is an important step in dissemination to the brain, yet very little is known about the basic process of enteric neuroinvasion. Using an alimentary model of neonatal disease transmission, neuroinvasion by scrapie prions in the ileum of lambs was detected by immunohistochemical staining for the disease-associated form of the prion protein, PrPSc. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for the frequency of PrPSc staining within enteric somata categorized by plexus location (myenteric, submucosal) and neurochemical staining (PGP 9.5, neural nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). PrP …

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Prion Gene (Prnp) Haplotype Variation In United States Goat Breeds, Stephen N. White, Lynn Herrmann-Hoesing, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Daniel Waldron, Joan Rowe, Janet Alverson Jan 2008

Prion Gene (Prnp) Haplotype Variation In United States Goat Breeds, Stephen N. White, Lynn Herrmann-Hoesing, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Daniel Waldron, Joan Rowe, Janet Alverson

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Scrapie eradication efforts cost 18 million dollars annually in the United States and rely heavily upon PRNP genotyping of sheep. Genetic resistance might reduce goat scrapie and limit the risk of goats serving as a scrapie reservoir, so PRNP coding sequences were examined from 446 goats of 10 breeds, 8 of which had not been previously examined at PRNP. The 10 observed alleles were all related to one of two central haplotypes by a single amino acid substitution. At least five of these alleles (M142, R143, S146, H154, and K222) have been associated with increased incubation time or decreased …

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A Species Barrier Limits Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease To Mink (Mustela Vison), Robert D. Harrington, Timothy V. Baszler, Katherine I. O'Rourke, David A. Schneider, Terry R. Spraker, H. Denny Liggitt, Donald P. Knowles Jan 2008

A Species Barrier Limits Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease To Mink (Mustela Vison), Robert D. Harrington, Timothy V. Baszler, Katherine I. O'Rourke, David A. Schneider, Terry R. Spraker, H. Denny Liggitt, Donald P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) occurs as sporadic outbreaks associated with ingestion of feed presumably contaminated with some type of prion disease. Mink lack a species barrier to primary oral challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, whereas they have a barrier to such challenge with scrapie. We investigated whether mink have a species barrier to chronic wasting disease (CWD) by performing primary intracerebral (IC) and primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain. Primary IC challenge resulted in clinical disease in two of eight mink at 31–33 months incubation. Affected mink had spongiform vacuolation and astrocytosis within the central nervous system and immunoreactivity …

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Scrapie Resistance In Arq Sheep, W. W. Laegreid, M. L. Clawson, M. P. Heaton, B. T. Green, Katherine I. O'Rourke, D. P. Knowles Jan 2008

Scrapie Resistance In Arq Sheep, W. W. Laegreid, M. L. Clawson, M. P. Heaton, B. T. Green, Katherine I. O'Rourke, D. P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Variation in the ovine prion protein amino acid sequence influences scrapie progression, with sheep homozygous for A136R154Q171 considered susceptible. This study examined the association of survival time of scrapie-exposed ARQ sheep with variation elsewhere in the ovine prion gene. Four single nucleotide polymorphism alleles were associated with prolonged survival. One nonsynonymous allele (T112) was associated with an additional 687 days of survival for scrapie-exposed sheep compared to M112 sheep (odds ratio, 42.5; P = 0.00014). The only two sheep homozygous for T112 (TARQ) did not develop scrapie, suggesting that the allelic effect may be additive. …

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A Collaborative Canadian–United Kingdom Evaluation Of An Immunohistochemistry Protocol To Diagnose Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Lisa Manning, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Donald P. Knowles, Sarah A. Marsh, Yvonne I. Spencer, Estella Moffat, Gerald A. H. Wells, Stefanie Czub Jan 2008

A Collaborative Canadian–United Kingdom Evaluation Of An Immunohistochemistry Protocol To Diagnose Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Lisa Manning, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Donald P. Knowles, Sarah A. Marsh, Yvonne I. Spencer, Estella Moffat, Gerald A. H. Wells, Stefanie Czub

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Collaboration was established in 2001 to evaluate a commercially available immunohistochemistry assay kit for the detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) disease–associated prion protein in formic acid–treated formalin-fixed samples of bovine brain. The kit protocol was evaluated at the National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases (Winnipeg, Canada) and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge, U.K.). The U.K. laboratory provided paraffin-embedded blocks of brainstem (medulla oblongata at the level of the obex) from 100 positive cases defined by clinical signs and histopathology, and 100 clinically suspect but BSE-negative samples defined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with anti-PrP monoclonal antibody R145. The Canadian laboratory …

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Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease (Cwd) Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus Hemionus) To White-Tailed Deer By Intracerebral Route, A. N. Hamir, J. A. Richt, J. M. Miller, R. A. Kunkle, S. M. Hall, E. M. Nicholson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, J. J. Greenlee, E. S. Williams Jan 2008

Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease (Cwd) Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus Hemionus) To White-Tailed Deer By Intracerebral Route, A. N. Hamir, J. A. Richt, J. M. Miller, R. A. Kunkle, S. M. Hall, E. M. Nicholson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, J. J. Greenlee, E. S. Williams

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

To compare clinical and pathologic findings of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a natural host, 3 groups (n = 5) of white-tailed deer (WTD) fawns were intracerebrally inoculated with a CWD prion of WTD, mule deer, or elk origin. Three other uninoculated fawns served as controls. Approximately 10 months postinoculation (MPI), 1 deer from each of the 3 inoculated groups was necropsied and their tissues were examined for lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) and for the presence of abnormal prion protein (PrPd) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). The remaining deer were allowed to live until …

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Chronic Wasting Disease In A Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer Farm, Delwyn P. Keane, Daniel J. Barr, Phillip N. Bochsler, S. Mark Hall, Thomas Gidlewski, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Terry R. Spraker, Michael D. Samuel Jan 2008

Chronic Wasting Disease In A Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer Farm, Delwyn P. Keane, Daniel J. Barr, Phillip N. Bochsler, S. Mark Hall, Thomas Gidlewski, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Terry R. Spraker, Michael D. Samuel

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In September 2002, chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disorder of captive and wild cervids, was diagnosed in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from a captive farm in Wisconsin. The facility was subsequently quarantined, and in January 2006 the remaining 76 deer were depopulated. Sixty animals (79%) were found to be positive by immunohistochemical staining for the abnormal prion protein (PrPCWD) in at least one tissue; the prevalence of positive staining was high even in young deer. Although none of the deer displayed clinical signs suggestive of CWD at depopulation, 49 deer had considerable accumulation of …

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Animal-Side Serologic Assay For Rapid Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In Multiple Species Of Free-Ranging Wildlife, K.P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, M.A. Chambers, J. Vicente, C. Gortazar, N. Santos, M. Correia-Neves, B.M. Buddle, R. Jackson, D.J. O’Brien, S. Schmitt, M. V. Palmer, R.J. Delahay, W.R. Waters Jan 2008

Animal-Side Serologic Assay For Rapid Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In Multiple Species Of Free-Ranging Wildlife, K.P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, M.A. Chambers, J. Vicente, C. Gortazar, N. Santos, M. Correia-Neves, B.M. Buddle, R. Jackson, D.J. O’Brien, S. Schmitt, M. V. Palmer, R.J. Delahay, W.R. Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Numerous species of mammals are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Several wildlife hosts have emerged as reservoirs of M. bovis infection for domestic livestock in different countries. In the present study, blood samples were collected from Eurasian badgers (n = 1532), white-tailed deer (n = 463), brushtail possums (n = 129), and wild boar (n = 177) for evaluation of antibody responses to M. bovis infection by a lateral-flow rapid test (RT) and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA). Magnitude of the antibody responses and antigen recognition patterns varied among the animals as determined by …

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Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2008 Activities Report Jan 2008

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2008 Activities Report

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is close to being eradicated in the United States, but still poses a significant risk to domestic livestock, wildlife, companion animals, and humans throughout the world. The Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project involves a multiagency team of experts from the Michigan Departments of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Community Health, Michigan State University, and the US Department of Agriculture.

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Managing Bovine Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer In Northwestern Minnesota: A 2008 Progress Report, Michelle Carstensen, Erika Butler, Michael Doncarlos, Lou Cornicelli Jan 2008

Managing Bovine Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer In Northwestern Minnesota: A 2008 Progress Report, Michelle Carstensen, Erika Butler, Michael Doncarlos, Lou Cornicelli

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB), first discovered in 2005, has now been found in 12 cattle operations in northwestern Minnesota. To date, all of the infected cattle herds have been depopulated and the Board of Animal Health (BAH) has continued to test cattle herds in the area. The strain has been identified as one that is consistent with Bovine TB found in cattle in the southwestern United States and Mexico. In response to the disease being detected in cattle, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) began surveillance efforts in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) within a 15-mile radius of …

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Risks Associated With The Transmission Of Bovine Tuberculosis From White-Tailed Deer To Cattle In Michigan: Current Research, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Regina Ebersole, Robert G. Mclean Jan 2008

Risks Associated With The Transmission Of Bovine Tuberculosis From White-Tailed Deer To Cattle In Michigan: Current Research, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Regina Ebersole, Robert G. Mclean

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious disease of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Typically, it is transmitted through inhalation of aerosolized bacilli and direct or indirect contact between animals. In northeastern Michigan, bTB is endemic in white-tailed deer, and evidence suggests deer have spread the disease to domestic cattle. Previous research indicates bTB transmission likely occurs through contamination of cattle feeding sources by infected deer and subsequent use by cattle. We are investigating deer movements in relation to farm management practices such as feeding schedules as well as locations of cattle feeding areas, hay storage sites, barns, and water sources. All …

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Blood Culture And Stimulation Conditions For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Cervids By The Cervigam Assay, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, K. Orloski, P. Nol, N. P. Harrington, S. C. Olsen, B. J. Nonnecke Jan 2008

Blood Culture And Stimulation Conditions For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Cervids By The Cervigam Assay, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, K. Orloski, P. Nol, N. P. Harrington, S. C. Olsen, B. J. Nonnecke

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Mitogen- and antigen-induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole-blood assay. The assay was applied to Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer and reindeer, M bovis BCG-vaccinated white-tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white-tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. The responses of the M bovis-infected white-tailed deer to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) varied with time and between individuals. The responses of the M bovis-infected reindeer to PWM and M bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were positively associated. Samples from tuberculosis-free captive herds in various parts of the USA were also …

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Sentinel-Based Surveillance Of Coyotes To Detect Bovine Tuberculosis, Michigan, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Todd C. Atwood, Thomas J. Deliberto, Holly J. Smith, Justin S. Stevenson, Bruce V. Thomsen, Thomas Gidlewski, Janet Payeur Jan 2008

Sentinel-Based Surveillance Of Coyotes To Detect Bovine Tuberculosis, Michigan, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Todd C. Atwood, Thomas J. Deliberto, Holly J. Smith, Justin S. Stevenson, Bruce V. Thomsen, Thomas Gidlewski, Janet Payeur

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Bovine TB in deer and cattle has created immense fi nancial consequences for the livestock industry and hunting public. Surveillance identified coyotes (Canis latrans) as potential bio-accumulators of Mycobacterium bovis, a finding that generated interest in their potential to serve as sentinels for monitoring disease risk. We sampled 175 coyotes in the bovine TB–endemic area. Fifty-eight tested positive, and infection prevalence by county ranged from 19% to 52% (statistical mean 33%, SE 0.07). By contrast, prevalence in …

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Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Enhances PrpSc Accumulation In Cultured Sheep Microglial Cells, James B. Stanton, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Lynn M. Herrmann-Hoesing, Bruce A. Mathison, Timothy V. Baszler Jan 2008

Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Enhances PrpSc Accumulation In Cultured Sheep Microglial Cells, James B. Stanton, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Lynn M. Herrmann-Hoesing, Bruce A. Mathison, Timothy V. Baszler

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Sheep scrapie is the prototypical transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease), which has a fundamental pathogenesis involving conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC [C superscript stands for cellular]) to disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc [Sc superscript stands for sheep scrapie]). Sheep microglial cell cultures, derived from a prnp 136VV/171QQ near-term fetal brain, were developed to study sheep scrapie in the natural host and to investigate potential cofactors in the prion conversion process. Two culture systems, a primary cell culture and a cell line transformed with the large T antigen of simian virus 40, were developed, and both were identified …

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A Review Of The Biology Of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (Bhv-I), Its Role As A Cofactor In The Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex And Development Of Improved Vaccines, Clinton J. Jones, Shafiqul Chowdhury Jan 2008

A Review Of The Biology Of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (Bhv-I), Its Role As A Cofactor In The Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex And Development Of Improved Vaccines, Clinton J. Jones, Shafiqul Chowdhury

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, genital disorders and immune suppression. BHV-1-induced immune suppression initiates bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which costs the US cattle industry approximately 3 billion dollars annually. BHV-1 encodes at least three proteins that can inhibit specific arms of the immune system: (i) bICPO inhibits interferon-dependent transcription, (ii) the UL41.5 protein inhibits CD8+ T-cell recognition of infected cells by preventing trafficking of viral peptides to the surface of the cells and (iii) glycoprotein G is a chemokine-binding protein that prevents homing of lymphocytes to …

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Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Induces Cell Death By A Cell Type Dependent Fashion, Vicki Geiser, Suzanne Rose, Clinton J. Jones Jan 2008

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Induces Cell Death By A Cell Type Dependent Fashion, Vicki Geiser, Suzanne Rose, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), a member of the alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily, causes significant losses to the cattle industry. BHV-1 establishes latency in trigeminal ganglionic sensory neurons, but periodically reactivates from latency. Previous studies suggested that infection with BHV-1 induced novel morphological changes in rabbit skin cells (RS) versus bovine kidney cells (MDBK). Consequently, we hypothesized that viral infection led to a novel form of cell death in RS cells compared to MDBK cells. To test this hypothesis, we examined the levels of apoptosis in these cell types following infection with BHV-1. Infection of RS, but not MDBK, cells leads to high …

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The Interaction Between Kshv Rta And Cellular Rbp-Jκ And Their Subsequent Dna Binding Are Not Sufficient For Activation Of Rbp-Jκ, Anil Papugani, Tricia Coleman, Clinton J. Jones, Luwen Zhang Jan 2008

The Interaction Between Kshv Rta And Cellular Rbp-Jκ And Their Subsequent Dna Binding Are Not Sufficient For Activation Of Rbp-Jκ, Anil Papugani, Tricia Coleman, Clinton J. Jones, Luwen Zhang

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) replication and transcription activator (RTA) is necessary and sufficient for the switch from KSHV latency to lytic replication. RTA activates promoters by several mechanisms. RTA can bind to sequences in viral promoters and activate transcription. In addition, RTA interacts with the cellular recombination signal sequence-binding protein-J kappa (RBP- Jκ), a transcriptional repressor, converts the repressor into an activator and activates viral promoters via RBP- Jκ. Because RBP- Jκ is required for RTA to activate lytic replication, it is important to understand how RTA cooperates with RBP- Jκ protein to activate KSHV lytic replication program. Previously, we …

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How Does Age Affect Baseline Screening Mammography Performance Measures? A Decision Model, James Keen, John D. Keen Jan 2008

How Does Age Affect Baseline Screening Mammography Performance Measures? A Decision Model, James Keen, John D. Keen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: In order to promote consumer-oriented informed medical decision-making regarding screening mammography, we created a decision model to predict the age dependence of the cancer detection rate, the recall rate and the secondary performance measures (positive predictive values, total intervention rate, and positive biopsy fraction) for a baseline mammogram.
Methods: We constructed a decision tree to model the possible outcomes of a baseline screening mammogram in women ages 35 to 65. We compared the single baseline screening mammogram decision with the no screening alternative. We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results national cancer database as the primary input to …

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Premature Expression Of The Latency-Related Rna Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Correlates With Higher Levels Of Beta Interferon Rna Expression In Productively Infected Cells, Sandra Perez, Florencia Meyer, Kazima Saira, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones Jan 2008

Premature Expression Of The Latency-Related Rna Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Correlates With Higher Levels Of Beta Interferon Rna Expression In Productively Infected Cells, Sandra Perez, Florencia Meyer, Kazima Saira, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen that can initiate bovine respiratory disease complex. Like other members of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, BHV-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons. The latency-related (LR) gene expresses a family of alternatively spliced transcripts in infected sensory neurons that have the potential to encode several LR proteins. An LR mutant virus that contains three stop codons near the 5’ terminus of the first open reading frame in the LR gene does not express two LR proteins or reactivate from latency. In addition, the LR mutant virus induces higher levels of apoptosis in trigeminal …

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Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley Dec 2007

Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The importance of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 translocated intimin receptor (Tir) protein in intestinal colonization and the effect of infection with Tir+ strains on protection against subsequent challenge was studied in adult beef cattle. Cattle were orally inoculated (C1) with a Shiga toxin-2++ E. coli O157:H7 strain that was Tir+ or Tir-, and 42 days later were re-challenged (C2) with the nalidixic acid (Nal) R parent strain to test whether prior infection had any effect on fecal shedding. During the first 14 days post-C1, the NalS wildtype (WT) strain was shed at significantly …

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Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik Dec 2007

Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections result in large economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The organism causes diarrhea by adhering to and colonizing enterocytes in the small intestines. While much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ETEC, no homologous intestinal epithelial cultures suitable for studying porcine ETEC pathogenesis have been described prior to this report. In the current study, we investigated the adherence of various porcine ETEC strains to two porcine (IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2) and one human (INT-407) small intestinal epithelial cell lines. Each cell line was assessed for its ability to support the adherence of …

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Stable Cell Lines Expressing High Levels Of The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Lat Are Refractory To Caspase 3 Activation And Dna Laddering Following Cold Shock Induced Apoptosis, Dale Carpenter, Chinhui Hsiang, Donald J. Brown, Ling Jin, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler Dec 2007

Stable Cell Lines Expressing High Levels Of The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Lat Are Refractory To Caspase 3 Activation And Dna Laddering Following Cold Shock Induced Apoptosis, Dale Carpenter, Chinhui Hsiang, Donald J. Brown, Ling Jin, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency associated transcript (LAT) gene’s anti-apoptosis activity plays a central, but not fully elucidated, role in enhancing the virus’s reactivation phenotype. In transient transfection experiments, LAT increases cell survival following an apoptotic insult in the absence of other HSV-1 genes. However, the high background of untransfected cells has made it difficult to demonstrate that LAT inhibits specific apoptotic factors such as caspases. Here we report that, in mouse neuroblastoma cell lines (C1300) stably expressing high levels of LAT, cold shock induced apoptosis was blocked as judged by increased survival, protection against DNA fragmentation …

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Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard Dec 2007

Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A small number (<2%) of mammalian retinal ganglion cells express the photopigment melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Light depolarizes ipRGCs and increases intracellular calcium levels ( [Ca2+]i ) but the signaling cascades underlying these responses have yet to be elucidated. To facilitate physiological studies on these rare photoreceptors, highly enriched ipRGC cultures from neonatal rats were generated using anti-melanopsin-mediated plate adhesion (immunopanning). This novel approach enabled experiments on isolated ipRGCs, eliminating the potential confounding influence of rod/cone-driven input. Light induced a rise in [Ca2+]i (monitored using fura-2 imaging) in the immunopanned ipRGCs and the source of this Ca2+ signal was investigated. The Ca2+ responses were inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, SKF-96365 (1–2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole), flufenamic acid, …

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2006 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary, Eric Wittenberg, Christopher Wolf Nov 2007

2006 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary, Eric Wittenberg, Christopher Wolf

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

This report summarizes the financial and production records of 139 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2006. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.

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Differences In Virulence Among Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated From Humans During Disease Outbreaks And From Healthy Cattle, Diane R. Baker, Rodney A. Moxley, Mike B. Steele, Jeffrey T. Lejeune, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Ding-Geng Chen, Philip R. Hardwidge, David H. Francis Nov 2007

Differences In Virulence Among Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated From Humans During Disease Outbreaks And From Healthy Cattle, Diane R. Baker, Rodney A. Moxley, Mike B. Steele, Jeffrey T. Lejeune, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Ding-Geng Chen, Philip R. Hardwidge, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes life-threatening outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolyticuremic syndrome in humans and significant economic loss in agriculture and could be a potential agent of bioterrorism. Although the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle and other species with which humans have frequent contact is high, human infections are relatively uncommon, despite a low infectious dose. A plausible explanation for the low disease incidence is the possibility that not all strains are virulent in humans. If there are substantial differences in virulence among strains in nature, then human disease may select for high virulence. We used a …

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