Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Randomized Comparison Between A Forced Air System And Warm Water Bath For Resuscitation Of Neonatal Hypothermic Calves With Or Without Oral Administration Of Caffeine, Adam T. Copeland, Amanda J. Kreuder, Grant Dewell, Renee Dewell, Caitlin Wiley, Lingnan Yuan, Jonathan P. Mochel, Joseph Smith

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Background

Hypothermia is a cause of neonatal calf death in cold climates. Practical and effective rewarming methods are important for bovine health within affected regions.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare the rewarming rate and blood analytes (glucose, lactate, and cortisol) of calves resuscitated with forced air with warm water bath, with or without oral administration of caffeine.

Animals

Twenty healthy neonatal Holstein bull calves.

Methods

In this randomized, prospective study, calves born healthy and without history of dystocia were cooled to 32°C rectal temperature then thermally resuscitated using either forced air rewarming or warm water bath (40°C) with or without oral administration …

Tooth Root Abscess And Mandibular Infections In Old World Camelids: 3 Cases, Alyssa Sparnon, Joseph Smith, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Silke Hecht, David Anderson, Sarel Van Amstel

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

There are limited reports of mandibular infections and tooth root abscesses in camels (Old World Camelids). This is in contrast to multiple reports and case series detailing diagnosis, management, and therapy of similar infections in New World Camelids such as llamas and alpacas. The purpose of this case series is to present three cases of camels in North America with these infections and to detail the diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, management, and follow-up of these cases. Radiography was utilized in all three cases, as was sedation and/or anesthesia. Similar to llamas, florfenicol was used for antimicrobial therapy and flunixin meglumine was …

Pharmacokinetics Of Famotidine In Goats After Intravenous Administration, Olivia Escher, Joseph Smith, Kamryn Christopher, Bryan Hogan, Lainey Harvill, Makenna Hopson, Sherry Cox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cryptosporidiosis In An Alpaca Cria Secondary To Prolongedantimicrobial Administration, Heidi M. Wyrosdick, Caroline Griffin, John J. Schaefer, Joseph Smith

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Esomeprazole In Sheep After Intravenous Dosing, Joseph Smith, Jessica Gebert, Kailee Bennett, Lisa Sams Ebner, Ryan Flynn, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Lainey Harvill, Olivia Escher, Amanda Jo Kreuder, Joan Bergman, Sherry Cox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Abomasal (gastric) ulceration is a morbidity in sheep, and currently, there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for gastroprotectant drugs reported for this species. The proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole has been used in small animal and human patients for gastroprotection via increasing the gastric pH. The objective of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic effect of esomeprazole in sheep after single intravenous dosing. Four healthy adult Southdown cross ewes had blood collected over a 24  h time period after single intravenous dosing of esomeprazole at 1.0  mg/kg. Abomasal fluid was sampled over 24  h …

Pharmacokinetics Of Intramuscular Maropitant In Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domesticus), Joseph Smith, Jessica E. Gebert, Lisa S. Ebner, Kailee O. Bennett, Rebecca J. Collins, Chiara E. Hampton, Stephanie A. Kleine, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Christopher K. Smith, Reza Seddighi, Genevieve Bussieres, Jonathan P. Mochel, Healther K. Knych

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Pigs are at risk of vomiting from medical conditions as well as the emetic side effects of drugs administered for peri-operative manipulations, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for potential anti-emetic therapies, such as maropitant, in this species. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for maropitant in pigs after a single intramuscular (IM) administration dosed at 1.0 mg/ kg. A secondary objective was to estimate pilot pharmacokinetic parameters in pigs after oral (PO) administration at 2.0 mg/kg. Maropitant was administered to six commercial pigs at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg IM. Plasma …

Pharmacokinetics Of Esomeprazole In Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) After Intravenous And Subcutaneous Administration, Rachel L. Fladung, Joseph Smith, Melissa Hines, Windy Soto-Gonzalez, Bryanna Fayne, Rebecca Rahn, Olivia Escher, Lainey Harvill, Joan Bergman, Jessica Garcia, Amanda Kreuder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Background: Stressed and hospitalized goats are at risk of developing abomasal (gastric) ulceration, but there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic studies for proton pump inhibiting drugs, such as, esomeprazole in goats.

Objectives: The objectives for this study were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for esomeprazole in adult goats after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) administration. A secondary objective was to describe the plasma kinetics of the metabolite esomeprazole sulfone after IV and SC administration in goats.

Materials and methods: Esomeprazole was administered to 5 adult goats in a crossover study at doses of 1 mg/kg IV or 2 mg/kg SC. …

Validation Of A Method For Pantoprazole And Its Sulfone Metabolite In Goat Plasma Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Sherry Cox, Lainey Harvill, Sarah Bullock, Joseph Smith, Joan Bergman

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Pharmacokinetics Of Butorphanol Following Intravenous And Intramuscular Administration In Donkeys: A Preliminary Study, Lisa S. Ebner, Odette O, Bradley Simon, Ignacio Lizarraga, Joseph Smith, Sherry Cox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

The pharmacokinetics of butorphanol after intravenous (IVB) and intramuscular (IMB) administration in donkeys were determined in this preliminary study. Healthy male gelded donkeys (n = 5), aged 6–12 years old, were administered 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol IV or IM in a randomized, crossover design. Blood samples were obtained at predetermined intervals for 24 h (IVB) and 48 h (IMB) after administration. Plasma butorphanol concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Following IVB administration, mean (± SE) apparent volume of distribution, elimination half-life, total body clearance, and area under the plasma concentration time curve from …

Miniature Companion Pig Sedation And Anesthesia, Joseph Smith, Reza Seddighi

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

• Miniature companion pigs (MCP) are increasing in popularity, and as such, there is an increased need for veterinarians trained in sedation and anesthesia for the species.

• MCPs have several species-specific qualities that can complicate injectable drug administration and create challenges for inhalational anesthesia (eg, with endotracheal intubation).

• General anesthetic complications, such as hypothermia and hypotension, are commonly described in miniature companion pigs, so monitoring of vital parameters during anesthetic procedures and recovery is crucial.

Pharmacokinetics Of Orally Administered Prednisolone In Alpacas, Ricardo Videla, Carla Sommardahl, Joseph Smith, Deanna M.W. Schaeffer, Sherry Cox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following intravenous and oral administration in healthy adult alpacas. Healthy adult alpacas were given prednisolone (IV, n = 4), as well as orally (PO, n = 6). Prednisolone was administered IV once (1 mg/kg). Oral administration was once daily for 5 days (2 mg/kg). Each treatment was separated by a minimum 4 month washout period. Samples were collected at 0 (pre-administration), 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after IV administration, and at 0 (pre-administration), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 after …

Pharmacokinetics Of Pantoprazole And Pantoprazole Sulfone In Goats After Intravenous Administration: A Preliminary Report, Joseph Smith, Jonathan P. Mochel, Windy M. Soto-Gonzalez, Rebecca R. Rahn, Bryanna M. Fayne, Olivia G. Escher, Anastasia M. Geletka, Lainey E. Harvill, Joan B. Bergman, Sherry Cox

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Background: Ruminant species are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for anti-ulcer therapies, such as the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole, in goats.

Objective: The primary study objective was to estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in adult goats after intravenous administration. A secondary objective was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters for the metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone, in goats.

Methods: Pantoprazole was administered intravenously to six adult goats at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected over 36h and analyzed via reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for determination of pantoprazole …

Pharmacokinetics Of Tulathromycin In Pregnant Ewes (Ovis Aries) Challenged With Campylobacter Jejuni, Michael Yaeger, Jonathan P. Mochel, Zuowei Wu, Paul Plummer, Orhan Sahin, Joseph Smith, Melda Ocal, Ashenafi Beyi, Changyun Xu, Qijing Zhang, Ronald W. Griffith

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in the plasma and maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant ewes when administered within 24 hours of a single, IV Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) challenge. Twelve, pregnant ewes between 72–92 days of gestation were challenged IV with C. jejuni IA3902 and then treated with 1.1 ml/45.36 kg of tulathromycin subcutaneously 18 hours post-challenge. Ewes were bled at predetermined time points and euthanized either at a predetermined time point or following the observation of vaginal bleeding or abortion. Following euthanasia, tissues were collected for bacterial …

Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Pharmacokinetic Modeling And Distribution Of Doxycycline In Healthy Female Donkeys After Multiple Intragastric Dosing–Preliminary Investigation, Ronan J.J. Chapuis, Joseph Smith, Hilari M. French, Felix Ngosa Toka, Erik W. Peterson, Erika L. Little

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Doxycycline (DXC) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial antimicrobial administered to horses for the treatment of bacterial infections which may also affect donkeys. Donkeys have a different metabolism than horses, leading to differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs compared to horses. This study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of DXC in donkeys. Five doses of DXC hyclate (10 mg/kg) were administered via a nasogastric tube, q12 h, to eight non-fasted, healthy, adult jennies. Serum, urine, synovial fluid and endometrium were collected for 72 h following the first administration. Doxycycline concentration was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum concentrations versus time data …

Case Report: Successful Management Of Refractory Keratomycosis In An Alpaca Using Penetrating Keratoplasty And Combination Antifungal Therapy (Caspofungin 0.5% And Terbinafine 1%), Braidee C. Foote, Joseph Smith, Anna Catherine Bowden, Rachel A. Allbaugh, Lionel Sebbag

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Fungal keratitis is a common disease in certain parts of the world and affects several species, including equids, camelids, and homo sapiens, leading to blindness or loss of the eye if the infection is not adequately controlled. Reports of clinical use of antifungals caspofungin and terbinafine are limited across both veterinary and human medical literature. The alpaca presented in this case demonstrates that deep keratomycosis can be caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Fusarium verticillioides, two previously unreported fungi to cause keratomycosis in camelids. This report demonstrates successful management with a combination of surgery and topical ophthalmic treatment with caspofungin …