Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Antibacterial Activity Of Novel Cationic Peptides Against Clinical Isolates Of Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius From Infected Dogs, Mohamed F. Mohamed, G. Kenitra Hammac, Lynn F. Guptil, Mohamed N. Seleem

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals and has zoonotic potential. Additionally, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged with resistance to virtually all classes of antimicrobials. Thus, novel treatment options with new modes of action are required. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of six synthetic short peptides against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and MRSP isolated from infected dogs. All six peptides demonstrated potent antistaphylococcal activity regardless of existing resistance phenotype. The most effective peptides were RRIKA (with modified C terminus to increase amphipathicity and hydrophobicity) and WR-12 (α-helical peptide consisting exclusively …

Revisión De Fisiopatología, Diagnóstico Y Terapéutica De Pénfigo Foliáceo En Caninos, Cindy Katherin Camelo Cifuentes

Medicina Veterinaria

El pénfigo foliáceo es una patología de carácter dermatológico autoinmune que pertenece al Complejo Pénfigo, es de baja presentación según los reportes de caso encontrados en revisión de literatura y es esta la forma más frecuente de presentación clínica en los animales domésticos dentro del complejo. Ha sido asociado a factores medicamentosos, dermatopatías crónicas, exposición a radiación UV, entre otros. Dentro de la fisiopatología se presenta un proceso de acantólisis que se define como la ruptura de aquellas conexiones de tipo desmosomal que unen a los queratinocitos, ligada a la producción de autoanticuerpos característica de algunas patologías autoinmunes. La presentación …

Efficacy Of Short Novel Antimicrobial And Anti-Inflammatory Peptides In A Mouse Model Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) Skin Infection, Mohamed F. Mohamed, Mohamed N. Seleem

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

The therapeutic efficacy of two novel short antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptides (RR and RRIKA) was evaluated in a mouse model of staphylococcal skin infection. RR (2%) and RRIKA (2%) significantly reduced the bacterial counts and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusUSA 300-0114 skin lesions. Furthermore, the combined therapy of RRIKA (1%) and lysostaphin (0.5%) had significantly higher antistaphylococcal and anti-inflammatory activity compared to monotherapy. This study supports the potential use of these peptides for topical treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections.

An Evaluation Of A Liquid Antimicrobial (Sal Curb®) For Reducing The Risk Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Of Naïve Pigs During Consumption Of Contaminated Feed, Scott Dee, Casey Neill, Travis Clement, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Since its initial detection in May 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread rapidly throughout the US swine industry. Recently, contaminated feed was confirmed as a vehicle for PEDV infection of naïve piglets. This research provides in vivo data supporting the ability of a liquid antimicrobial product to reduce this risk.
Results: Sal CURB® (Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA, USA) is a FDA-approved liquid antimicrobial used to control Salmonella contamination in poultry and swine diets. To test its effect against PEDV, Sal CURB®-treated feed was spiked with a stock isolate of PEDV (Ct = 25.22), which PEDV-naïve piglets …

Acceptance Of Simulated Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits By Urban Raccoons, John Hadidian, Suzanne R. Jenkins, David H. Johnston, Peter J. Savarie, Victor F. Nettles, David M. Manski, George M. Baer

John Hadidian, PhD

In summer 1986, a study was conducted to evaluate raccoon (Procyon lotor) acceptance of oral baits that could be used for rabies vaccination, One thousand wax-coated sponge bait cubes were filled with 5 mg of a seromarker (iophenoxic acid), placed in polyethylene bags, and hand-distributed in an 80 ha area within an urban National Park in Washington, D.C. (USA), After 3 wk, target and nontarget animals were trapped and blood samples collected to evaluate bait uptake. Thirty-three of 52 (63%) raccoons had elevated blood iodine levels indicating they had eaten at least one bait, 13 (25%) were negative, and six …

The Mucosal Expression Pattern Of Interferon-Ε In Rhesus Macaques, Andrew Demers, Guobin Kang, Fangrui Ma, Wuxun Lu, Zhe Yuan, Yue Li, Mark Lewis, Edmundo N. Kraiselburd, Luis Montaner, Qingsheng Li

Qingsheng Li Publications

Type I IFNs play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. A novel type I IFN, namely IFN-ε, which can protect against vaginal transmission of HSV2 and Chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. Nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of IFN-ε in tissues remain uncertain. In addition, the expression of IFN-ε in Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) has not been reported. Here, we analyzed IFN-ε expression in multiple mucosal sites of uninfected or SIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques using IHCS. We report for the first time the …

An Evaluation Of Contaminated Complete Feed As A Vehicle For Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Of Naïve Pigs Following Consumption Via Natural Feeding Behavior: Proof Of Concept, Scott Dee, Travis Clement, Adam Schelkopf, Joel Nerem, David Knudsen, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Since its initial detection in May 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread rapidly throughout the US swine industry. Initially, contaminated feed was proposed as a risk factor for PEDV; however, data were not available to support this theory. Here we provide proof of concept of this risk by describing a novel means for recovering PEDV-contaminated complete feed material from commercial swine sites and conducting an in vivo experiment to prove its infectivity.

Results: For on-farm detection of PEDV RNA in feed, paint rollers were used to collect material from at-risk feed bins from 3 clinically affected breeding …

Characterization Of Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis Biovar Equi Isolates Obtained From Cal Poly Horses And Review Of Application Of Transposons To Better Prevent Pigeon Fever In Horses, Irene Hasen

Animal Science

No abstract provided.

The Human/Animal Interface: Emergence And Resurgence Of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Michael Greger

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are reviewed and the factors underlying disease emergence explored. Anthropogenic changes, largely in land use and agriculture, are implicated in the apparent increased frequency of emergence and reemergence of zoonoses in recent decades. Special emphasis is placed on the pathogen with likely the greatest zoonotic potential, influenzavirus A.

Their Bugs Are Worse Than Their Bite: Emerging Infectious Disease And The Human-Animal Interface, Michael Greger

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

In the twenty-five years since that announcement, what we now know as AIDS has killed 20 million people (National AIDS Trust 2005). Where did the AIDS virus— and other emerging diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola, mad cow— come from?

An Hsi Fact Sheet: Avian Influenza In India, Humane Society International

HSI FACT SHEETS

Avian influenza (AI), commonly known as bird flu, typically causes little or no harm to its wild waterfowl hosts. In 2003-2004, however, nine Asian countries reported unprecedented outbreaks of high-mortality AI in domestic poultry. This viral lineage, subtype H5N1, has spread to over 60 countries, and is considered endemic in at least four.

In India, H5N1 outbreaks were first recorded in 2006, and have continued each year since, reaching a total of 86 by 2012. Millions of India’s chickens and ducks have been culled in efforts to contain and eliminate the virus. India has declared itself free of AI a …

Identificación De Ectoparásitos Del Orden Phthiraptera En Aves Silvestres De La Especie Nycticorax Nycticorax, Sylvia Lorena Arévalo Barreto, Andrea Saavedra Orjuela

Medicina Veterinaria

Las aves silvestres ocupan una posición muy importante en la biodiversidad nacional, pues están representadas por una amplia riqueza de especies habitando en el territorio colombiano. En este trabajo se identificaron los ectoparásitos de aves Nycticorax nycticorax, colectados en una investigación anterior. Para ello, previamente se capturaron 7 aves Nycticorax nycticorax en la Guajira y se colectaron sus ectoparásitos; todo esto en el marco del proyecto "Implementación del Plan Nacional Sectorial Ambiental de Vigilancia y Prevención de Influenza Aviar en Especies Silvestres en Humedales Priorizados en las Regiones Caribe, Pacífico, Oriental y Sur” realizada por el Ministerio de Ambiente y …

Isoflupredone Acetate As Ancillary Therapy For Bovine Respiratory Disease In High-Risk Stocker Calves, Claire E. Crews

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of illness and death in U.S. feedlot cattle. This study evaluated the use of isoflupredone acetate in the treatment of BRD. Crossbred male beef calves (n = 192; BW = 221 ± 3.9 kg) were acquired in two blocks from regional auction markets and transported to the University of Arkansas Stocker and Receiving Cattle Unit. Calves were observed daily for signs of respiratory illness. Antibiotic treatment was administered if calves displayed signs of respiratory illness and rectal temperature was ≥ 40 °C. Calves (n = 72) requiring antibiotic treatment were assigned randomly …

Evaluación Del Conocimiento Y La Percepción Sobre Las Zoonosis Asociadas A Caninos En Propietarios De Mascotas En Las Localidades De Usaquén Y Usme, Diana Carolina Villarraga Herrera, Ivonne Melissa Vargas Rodríguez

Medicina Veterinaria

En los últimos años se ha observado la emergencia y reemergencia de algunas enfermedades zoonóticas, fenómeno estrechamente relacionado a cambios ecológicos, climáticos y socioculturales que han determinado que la población animal comparta su hábitat con el hombre con mayor frecuencia. Actualmente, se estima que el 43,6% de las zoonosis asociadas al canino, presentan distribución mundial; por lo que se necesita de la epidemiologia participativa para evaluar el conocimiento y percepción que tienen las personas acerca de las enfermedades transmitidas por sus mascotas, su implicación, y prevención por medio de prácticas básicas higiénico sanitarias. Se requiere crear conciencia, conocimiento y educación …

Forecasting The Spread Of Raccoon Rabies Using A Purpose-Specific Group Decision-Making Process., Aaron M. Anderson, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Richard B. Chipman, Todd C. Atwood, Tyler Cozzens, Frank Fillo, Robert Hale, Brody Hatch, Joanne Maki, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Erin E. Rees, Charles E. Rupprecht, Rowland Tinline, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Dennis Slate

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and USDA Wildlife Services (WS) have been involved in an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program for raccoons (Procyon lotor) that has slowed the westward spread of raccoon rabies. The objective of this study was to forecast the spread of the disease if an ORV zone was not maintained. A group decision-making process was designed to address the forecasting problem and was implemented using a group of 15 experts and 4 support personnel at a meeting at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center. Ten expansion regions were constructed that described the spread of …

Improved Detection Of Streptococcus Equi Subspecies Equi In Drinking Water, Lily A. Mclaughlin

Honors College

Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is the causative agent of strangles, a contagious respiratory disease of horses. Transmission of the bacteria can occur when animals share water sources. Detection of S. equi in water could improve strangles surveillance and move towards eradication of the disease. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal membrane pore size for bacterial retention from an aqueous suspension, to determine the likely dispersion pattern of S. equi contaminated mucus in a water bucket to develop a collection technique to be used by veterinarians, and to find the sensitive range for …

Evaluación De La Presencia De Cepas De Los Virus De La Enfermedad De Newcastle Y Gumboro En Aves Silvestres En Explotaciones Avícolas De Fómeque, Cundinamarca, Laura Victoria Vargas Castillo

Medicina Veterinaria

En Colombia se ha reportado la circulación de cepas de enfermedades virales en aves de corral, lo cual ha generado preocupación en la industria avícola permitiendo un espacio para evaluar las estrategias de prevención y control, y de vigilancia epidemiológica en zonas de alta concentración de aves de corral y a la posible transmisión de dichas enfermedades entre las especies. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la circulación de los virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (Paramyxoviridae, Avulavirus) y enfermedad de Gumboro (Birnaviridae, Birnavirus) mediante técnicas serológicas (ELISA) y moleculares (RT-PCR), identificación de las aves silvestres en la zona …

Determinación De Poblaciones De Parásitos Gastrointestinales Y Hemoparásitos En Bovinos Bos Indicus Ubicados En La Finca Matepantano Municipio De El Yopal, Casanare, Viviana Peña Flórez, Karina Sandoval Martínez

Medicina Veterinaria

Las enfermedades producidas por parásitos gastrointestinales y hemoparásitos son padecimientos que por décadas han afectado la ganadería en especial en regiones tropicales donde las largas época de sequía y de lluvia hacen un ambiente propicio para la proliferación de diferentes tipos de parásitos que afectan a la población de bovinos trayendo consigo considerables pérdidas, las cuales se ven reflejadas en la crianza, engorda, retraso en el desarrollo y en la producción, haciendo que su manutención sea aún más costosa. La presente investigación busco determinar la presencia o ausencia de poblaciones de parásitos gastrointestinales y hemoparásitos en bovinos bos indicus que …

Frecuencia De Huevos De Nematodos Gastrointestinales En Heces De Perros En El Parque Central Simón Bolívar De Bogotá, Jhury Jaqueline Mosquera Pardo

Medicina Veterinaria

La presencia de huevos de nematodos de tipo áscaris y anquilostomas en heces caninas abandonadas en los suelos de parques públicos, areneros y áreas de juegos infantiles favorece el riesgo de contagio con zoonosis parasitarias conocidas como Larva migrans visceral y Larva migrans cutánea respectivamente; situación epidemiológica que en Colombia es desatendida o subdiagnosticada y no está sujeta a notificación obligatoria. El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de ocurrencia de huevos de nematodos gastrointestinales de perros en materia fecal diseminada en las instalaciones del Parque Central Simón Bolívar de Bogotá. A partir de un …

Determinación De La Capacidad De Detección De Leptospirosis Y Brucelosis Porcina En Tres Departamentos De Alta Producción Porcina, Yipsi Johana Lancheros, Pilar Corredor Santana

Medicina Veterinaria

La leptospirosis y brucelosis son enfermedades infecciosas que afectan a la población porcina, otras especies animales (especialmente de producción), y al ser humano en forma de zoonosis; por lo que ocasionan problemas de salud pública, alto costo económico para los sistemas de salud y pérdidas económicas para los productores. Por tal razón, su acertado diagnóstico, y la subsecuente facilidad de acceso a dichas pruebas, es objeto de estudio y control por parte de las autoridades sanitarias. Actualmente, Colombia cuenta con el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) y con una red de 25 centros de diagnóstico ubicados en diferentes ciudades del país …

Caracterización De Los Nemátodos Y Protozoos Gastrointestinales Presentes En El Pato De Torrente Merganetta Armata Colombiana En El Río Quindío, Departamento Del Quindío, Mónica Wagner Nieto

Medicina Veterinaria

El pato de torrente (Merganetta armata), habita en uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados del continente, los ríos torrentosos de los Andes, por los múltiples usos que el hombre les da; esta especie de pato es endémica de Sudamérica; Colombia, Ecuador y Venezuela comparten la distribución de la subespecie Merganetta armata colombiana; en Colombia su distribución es discontinua en las tres cordilleras en alturas comprendidas entre 1.500 y 3.500 m.s.n.m. Este pato se encuentra a nivel mundial como una especie de “Preocupación Menor” (LC) por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), Se puede atribuir este fenómeno …

Evaluación De Los Problemas Dermatológicos De Origen Infeccioso No Viral De Las Tortugas Hicoteas Trachemys Sp. Del Zoológico Jaime Duque, Ana Maria Fula Flórez

Medicina Veterinaria

Los principales problemas que padecen las tortugas en cautiverio, son los problemas dermatológicos siendo las especies semi-acuáticas son las más afectadas. Es por este que se realizó una evaluación de los problemas dermatológicos de origen bacteriano, fúngico y ectoparasitario de las tortugas Hicoteas (Trachemys sp.) del Zoológico Jaime Duque. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de todas las tortugas fallecidas entre el 2000 hasta el 2012 y un análisis de todas las tortugas que se encontraban en exhibición hasta el 2012. En los dos análisis se tuvo en cuenta en las historias clínicas, el examen clínico dermatológico al arribo, las lesiones …

Examination Of The Snsag Surface Antigen Gene Family In Sarcocystis Neurona, Ablesh Gautam

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes the serious neurologic disease equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The life cycle of S. neurona progresses through multiple developmental stages that differ morphologically and molecularly. The S. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple related proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (SAG) gene family of Toxoplasma gondii. The SAG surface antigens in T. gondii and another related parasite Neospora caninum are life cycle stage-specific and seem necessary for parasite transmission and persistence of infection. The present research was conducted to explore the gene family of SnSAGs in S. …

Environmental Salmonella In Agricultural Fair Poultry Exhibits In Colorado, K. L. Pabilonia, K. J. Cadmus, T. M. Lingus, D. S. Bolte, M. M. Russell, D. C. Van Metre, M. M. Erdman

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Salmonella enterica is a common zoonotic pathogen in humans. Transmission typically occurs through consumption of contaminated food products or contact with infected animals, including poultry or their environment. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of Salmonella contamination in the environment in poultry exhibits at agricultural fairs. Samples were collected from cages, feed, floors and tables in the exhibit and cultured for Salmonella. At least one environmental sample was positive for Salmonella in 10 of 11 fairs (91%), and Salmonella was isolated from 28 of 55 environmental samples (50.9%). Eleven different serotypes were detected. Results of …

The Catabolite Control Protein E (Ccpe) Affects Virulence Determinant Production And Pathogenesis Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Torsten Hartmann, Grégory Baronian, Nadine Nippe, Meike Voss, Bettina Schulthess, Christiane Wolz, Janina Eisenbeis, Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen, Rosmarie Gaupp, Cord Sunderkötter, Christoph Beisswenger, Robert Bals, Greg A. Somerville, Mathias Herrmann, Virginie Molle, Markus Bischoff

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Carbon metabolism and virulence determinant production are often linked in pathogenic bacteria, and several regulatory elements have been reported to mediate this linkage in Staphylococcus aureus. Previously, we described a novel protein, catabolite control protein E (CcpE) that functions as a regulator of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Here we demonstrate that CcpE also regulates virulence determinant biosynthesis and pathogenesis. Specifically, deletion of ccpE in S. aureus strain Newman revealed that CcpE affects transcription of virulence factors such as capA, the first gene in the capsule biosynthetic operon; hla, encoding α-toxin; and psmα, encoding the phenol-soluble modulin cluster α. Electrophoretic mobility …

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection Stimulates Inflammosome Formation And Caspase 1 Activity, Jianlin Wang, Jeffrey Alexander, Matthew S. Wiebe, Clinton J. Jones

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a significant viral pathogen of cattle, causes inflammation in affected tissue during acute infection. Consequently, we tested whether productively infected bovine cells stimulate inflammasome formation. Expression of two components required for inflammasome formation, the DNA sensor IFI16 (gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16) and NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3), were induced in bovine kidney cells by eight hours after infection. IFI16 was detected in punctate granules localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. During productive infection, more than ten times more cells were caspase 1 positive, which is activated following inflammasome formation. Two caspase 1 inhibitors had …

Role Of Viral And Host Factors In Influenza Virus Mediated Inhibition Of Interleukin-23, Ashish Tiwari

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Influenza virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens of humans as well as animals, including equines. There is an increasing evidence that bacterial infections are the most common cause of the death during influenza. In horses also, secondary bacterial pneumonia can lead to death, and surviving horses may take up to six months for the complete recovery resulting in heavy economic loss to the equine industry. Interleukin (IL)-23 mediated innate immune response has been shown to protect the host from various respiratory bacterial infections. However, studies to investigate the role of host and viral factors in the regulation of …

Varestrongylus Eleguneniensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): A Widespread, Multi-Host Lungworm Of Wild North American Ungulates, With An Emended Diagnosis For The Genus And Explorations Of Biogeography, Guilherme G. Verocai, Susan J. Kutz, Manon Simard, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Background: A putative new species of Varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild North American ungulates based on the ITS-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. No taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined. Methods: Lungworm specimens were collected in the terminal bronchioles of muskoxen from Quebec, and a woodland caribou from central Alberta, Canada. The L3 stage was recovered from experimentally infected slugs (Deroceras spp.). Description of specimens was based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identity was determined by PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of …

The Current Prevalence Of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus In Midwestern Goat Herds, Bradley Todd Jones Dvm

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) is an incurable disease of goats that has both social and economic impacts. Clinical disease in goats includes encephalitis in kids; chronic arthritis, inflammatory mastitis and progressive respiratory disease in adults. In the last 25 years there have been significant changes in the US goat industry with rapid growth in the meat and dairy industries. Recent prevalence studies are lacking and historic studies may not reflect changes in the industry. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of CAEV in Midwestern herds that are not routinely acquiring new animals from known negative CAEV …