Sports Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Exercise Training On Muscle Quality In Older Individuals: A Systematic Scoping Review With Meta-Analyses, Tibor Hortobágyi, Tomas Vetrovsky, Jennifer S. Brach, Martijn Van Haren, Krystof Volesky, Regis Radaelli, Pedro Lopez, Urs Granacher

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older individuals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in individuals with neurological …

Time To Consider The Potential Role Of Alternative Resistance Training Methods In Cancer Management?, Francesco Bettariga, Chris Bishop, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Luca Maestroni, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer. Exercise improves health-related outcomes, including quality of life, neuromuscular strength, physical function, and body composition, and it is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence and increased survival. Moreover, exercise during or post cancer treatments is safe, can ameliorate treatment-related side effects, and may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. To date, traditional resistance training (RT) is the most used RT modality in exercise oncology. However, alternative training modes, such as eccentric, cluster set, and blood flow restriction are gaining increased attention. These training modalities …

Neuromuscular Adaptations To Different Set Configurations During A Periodized Power Training Block In Elite Junior Judokas, Dale M. Harris, Dustin J. Oranchuk, Christopher Latella

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Although the impacts of traditional sets (TS) versus cluster (CL) sets resistance training have been broadly explored among recreationally trained populations, no studies have previously compared these set configurations among elite Judokas. Twenty-two elite male and female Judokas (age = 17.5 ± 1.2 years) performed identical periodized 4-week hypertrophy and strength blocks (8 weeks in total). Following this, for the final 4-week power training block, the cohort was separated into either TS (n = 11) or CL (n = 11) set structures. CL were prescribed by including 45-second intra-set rest every two repetitions. One-repetition maximum (1RM) and peak barbell velocities …

Study Protocol: Investigating The Feasibility Of A Hybrid Delivery Of Home-Based Cluster Set Resistance Training For Individuals Previously Treated For Lung Cancer, C. M. Fairman, O. L. Owens, Kristina L. Kendall, J. Steele, Christopher Latella, M. T. Jones, L. Marcotte, Carolyn M. J. Peddle-Mcintyre, K. K. Mcdonnell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Symptom burden remains a critical concern for individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following the completion of treatment. The most common symptom clusters, dyspnea (shortness of breath) and fatigue, can contribute to physical decline, reductions in quality of life, and a higher risk of comorbidities and mortality. Dyspnea is a primary limiter of exercise capacity in individuals with lung cancer, resulting in exercise avoidance and an accelerated physical decline. As such, designing resistance training with cluster sets to mitigate symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue may result in improved exercise tolerance. Thus, maintaining the exercise stimulus via cluster sets, …

Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Remotely Delivered, Home-Based, Pragmatic Resistance ‘Exercise Snacking’ Intervention In Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial, Jackson J. Fyfe, Jack Dalla Via, Paul Jansons, David Scott, Robin M. Daly

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Very few older adults meet current muscle strengthening exercise guidelines, and several barriers exist to supervised, community-based resistance exercise programs. Older adults therefore require access to feasible resistance exercise modalities that may be performed remotely. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of undertaking a four-week home-based resistance ‘exercise snacking’ intervention (performed either once, twice, or thrice daily) when delivered and monitored remotely in older adults. Methods: Thirty-eight community-dwelling older adults [mean ± SD age 69.8 ± 3.8 y, 63% female] were randomised to complete resistance ‘exercise snacks’ (9-minute sessions) either once (n = 9), twice (n = …

The Effects Of A Unilateral Strength And Power Training Intervention On Inter-Limb Asymmetry And Physical Performance In Male Amateur Soccer Players, Francesco Bettariga, Luca Maestroni, Luca Martorelli, Paul Jarvis, Anthony Turner, Chris Bishop

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players; (b) to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unilateral inter-limb asymmetry. Twenty-four soccer players, randomly assigned to a 6-week unilateral strength and power training (UNI) (n = 12) or a control group (CON) (n = 12), performed single countermovement jump (SLCMJ), single leg broad jump (SLBJ), single leg drop jump (SLDJ), 10-m sprint, and 505 change of direction (COD) speed test. Raw jump scores revealed small to large improvements in SLCMJ, SLBJ, and …

Comparing Biomechanical Time Series Data Across Countermovement Shrug Loads, David Meechan, Stuart A. Mcerlain-Naylor, John J. Mcmahon, Timothy J. Suchomel, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The effect of load on time-series data has yet to be investigated during weightlifting derivatives. This study compared the effect of load on the force–time and velocity–time curves during the countermovement shrug (CMS). Twenty-nine males performed the CMS at relative loads of 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 %, 120 %, and 140 % one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean (PC). A force plate measured the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), which was used to calculate the barbell-lifter system velocity. Time-series data were normalized to 100 % of the movement duration and assessed via statistical parametric mapping (SPM). SPM …

Progressive Resistance Training For Concomitant Increases In Muscle Strength And Bone Mineral Density In Older Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Steven J. O’Bryan, Catherine Giuliano, Mary N. Woessner, Sara Vogrin, Cassandra Smith, Gustavo Duque, Itamar Levinger

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Older adults experience considerable muscle and bone loss that are closely interconnected. The efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently reverse/slow the age-related decline in muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults remains unclear.

Objectives:

We aimed to quantify concomitant changes in lower-body muscle strength and BMD in older adults following a progressive resistance training program and to determine how these changes are influenced by mode (resistance only vs. combined resistance and weight-bearing exercises), frequency, volume, load, and program length.

Methods:

MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published in English before 1 June, …

Effects Of A Multicomponent Resistance-Based Exercise Program With Protein, Vitamin D And Calcium Supplementation On Cognition In Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Adt: Secondary Analysis Of A 12-Month Randomised Controlled Trial, Niamh Liana Mundell, Patrick J. Owen, Jack Dalla Via, Helen Macpherson, Robin Daly, Patricia M. Livingston, Timo Rantalainen, Stephen Foulkes, Jerremy Millar, Declan G. Murphy, Steve Fraser

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this preplanned secondary analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a multicomponent exercise programme combined with daily whey protein, calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). DESIGN: 12-month, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University clinical exercise centre. PARTICIPANTS: 70 ADT-treated men were randomised to exercise-training plus supplementation (Ex+ Suppl, n=34) or usual care (control, n=36). INTERVENTION: Men allocated to Ex + Suppl undertook thrice weekly resistance training with weight-bearing exercise training plus daily whey protein (25 g), calcium (1200 …

Comparison Of Weightlifting, Traditional Resistance Training And Plyometrics On Strength, Power And Speed: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Stephanie J. Morris, Jon L. Oliver, Jason S. Pedley, G. Gregory Haff, Rhodri S. Lloyd

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Weightlifting training (WLT) is commonly used to improve strength, power and speed in athletes. However, to date, WLT studies have either not compared training effects against those of other training methods, or been limited by small sample sizes, which are issues that can be resolved by pooling studies in a meta-analysis. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of WLT compared with traditional resistance training (TRT), plyometric training (PLYO) and/or control (CON) on strength, power and speed.

Methods:

The systematic review included peer-reviewed articles that employed a WLT intervention, a comparison group …

Strength Training In Swimming, Klaus Wirth, Michael Keiner, Stefan Fuhrmann, Alfred Nimmerichter, Gregory G. Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This narrative review deals with the topic of strength training in swimming, which has been a controversial issue for decades. It is not only about the importance for the performance at start, turn and swim speed, but also about the question of how to design a strength training program. Different approaches are discussed in the literature, with two aspects in the foreground. On the one hand is the discussion about the optimal intensity in strength training and, on the other hand, is the question of how specific strength training should be designed. In addition to a summary of the current …

Squat And Countermovement Jump Performance Across A Range Of Loads: A Comparison Between Smith Machine And Free Weight Execution Modes In Elite Sprinters, Irineu Loturco, Michael R. Mcguigan, Tomás T. Freitas, Fábio Y. Nakamura, Daniel A. Boullosa, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Lucas A. Pereira, Fernando Pareja-Blanco

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The aims of this study were to: 1) provide and compare the height achieved during Smith machine (SM) and free weight (FW) loaded jumps executed over a wide spectrum of loads (40–120 % of body mass [BM]); and 2) test the difference between loaded and unloaded squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) attempts in ten highly trained male sprinters. On the first visit, athletes performed unloaded SJ and CMJ, loaded SJ with loads corresponding to 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 % BM, and loaded CMJ at 100% BM using an Olympic barbell (FW). On the second visit, they …