Sports Sciences Commons^™

Can Professional Development Programs Help Close The Achievement Gap?, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper explores the question of whether it is possible to design professional development programs for teachers that can significantly improve student test results and reduce the achievement gap for students.

The Dayton (Ohio) Foundation and the Montgomery County (Ohio) Educational Service Center, sponsors of The Miami Valley Teacher/Leadership Academy, answer this question with a resounding yes. Recent results indicate that the academy's two-year program, designed to provide professional development to help improve student test scores, not only succeeded in significantly improving the student proficiency mean score, but also considerably reduced the achievement gap for participating students.

This paper includes …

Effects Of Warm-Up And Stretching On Vertical Jump Performance And Leg Power, Douglas C. Samuelson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study compared the effects of a general warm-up, a general warm-up and sitting quietly, a general warm-up and static stretching, and a general warm-up and ballistic stretching protocols on vertical jump performance and leg power. Eleven National Collegiate Athletic Assoiciation (NCAA) Division 1-A female volleyball players served as subjects. The subjects performed four treatments prior to the three vertical jump trials, consisting of a general warm-up, a warm-up and sitting quietly, a warm-up and static stretch, and a warm-up and dynamic stretch. The subjects also performed a Sit and Reach test prior to and after each treatment to determine …

Predictors Of Job Placement After Successful Completion Of An Accredited Graduate Athletic Training Education Program, James A. Gibson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Indicators such as grade point average (GPA) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores have been used to predict academic achievement at the graduate level. However, academic success measured, in part by these variables have not been used to predict clinical job placement. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if academic predictors exist for classifying students in employment settings following completion of a Masters degree from an accredited Graduate Athletic Training Education Program. Design: The criterion variables were initial and current job placement after completion of Indiana State University's accredited Graduate Athletic Training Education Program. The predictor …

Comparison Of Selected Orthotic Devices On Ground Reaction Forces Produced During A Drop Landing, Betsy Faye Halwes

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: The effect of different types of athletic shoes, foot orthoses, and other arch support materials on lower extremity kinetics and ground reaction forces during walking and running gait has been documented; however, the potential effects of such devices on ground reaction forces during drop landings has not been extensively studied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if over-the-counter orthotics, made of the same material, affect vertical and mediolateral ground reaction forces during a drop landing. Design and Setting: A lx3 repeated measures design guided this study where the independent variable, orthotic, has 3 levels (no orthotic-control, …

Qtc Is Associated With Obesity And Physical Activity Level For African American Females, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or ischemic disease mortality. Obesity as a cause for acquired LQTS in otherwise healthy individuals is rapidly gaining the attention of the scientific community. African American people have a higher incidence of obesity compared to Caucasians, yet race-specific information is not available for their prevalence of LQTS. Chronic physical activity can help reduce the incidence of obesity, yet little is known about the effects of chronic physical activity on acquired LQTS. Subjects in this study were a volunteer sample of African American mothers (21-53 yr, n = 44) and …

Effect Of Cycling Cadence On Economy At High Power, Carol Beatriz Ennser

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

This study was designed to determine the most economical cadence for cyclists at high power outputs (> 300 W). Six cyclists and two triathletes (age 31.5 ± 8.8 yr, mass 76.9 ± 8.6 kg, VO₂max 4.84 ± 0.36 Lmin^·1, weekly training 318 ± 118 km) who were capable of riding a bicycle at a speed of 40 kph for 10 min (solo) participated in five tests on a bicycle ergometer. The preliminary test measured subjects' VO₂max. After that, subjects completed four trials, each at a predetermined cadence as follows: 60, 80, 100 and 120 …

The Effects Of Ankle Taping And Spatting On The Reaction Times Of The Supporting Musculature Of The Ankle Before And After Exercise In Healthy And Functionally Unstable Ankles, Jennifer I. Mckenzie

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Ankle taping is a common practice in the athletic training room, but there is minimal evidence to support its effectiveness in enhancing muscle activation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle taping on muscle activation following sudden inversion in functionally unstable and healthy ankles before and after exercise. Fourteen recreational athletes with a unilateral functionally unstable ankle volunteered to participate. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on the peroneals and anterior tibialis muscles of both extremities. Each subject received four treatment conditions; ankle taping, ankle taping with spatting, spatting, and no tape in a randomly assigned, …

Loading Rate In Self-Initiated Vertical Jump Landings: Developmental And Gender Comparisons, Pamela J. Russell, Erik E. Swartz, Ron V. Croce, Laura C. Decoster

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The study compared gender and developmental differences in vertical loading rate upon a two-footed landing from a self-initiated VJ. Fifty-seven subjects grouped by age (pre-pubescent (8-11 yrs); post-pubescent (19-29 yrs)) and gender consented to participate. Subjects jumped for a ball set at 50% of their maximum VJ height, and landed on two feet, facing forward, with only their dominant foot on the force plate. Motion analysis (3-D) and ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected. Statistical analyses indicated significant developmental differences in vertical loading rate normalized to kinetic energy, but no gender differences. Children may have higher loading rates because …

No Child Left Behind Act -- A Work In Progress, Joseph H. Huber, J. U. Stein, J. L. Mackool

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

Describes the background of the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, the legislation's mandate, and how it impacts on children with disabilities and their teachers.

Obesity Epidemic In Children: Urgent Call To Action, Joseph H. Huber

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

U.S. Supreme Court Takes Accessibility To A New Level: Renewed Hope For The Americans With Disabilities Act, Joseph H. Huber, J. U. Stein, J. L. Mackool

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

Gives an account of the U.S. Supreme Court case Tennessee vs. Lane, in which a paraplegic sued the State of Tennessee alleging that the lack of disabled access to the Polk County Courthouse violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

The Effects Of Hypnosis And Guided Imagery On The Performance Of Track Athletes, Johnathan C. Mossey

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although sport psychologists may utilize numerous hypnotic interventions and techniques intended to enhance the performance of athletes, many of these interventions have not been examined by systematic research. This exploratory study examined the effects of interventions using imagery and imagery plus hypnosis on the performance of track athletes. Twenty-nine students from a Midwestern high school track team were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: a) imagery and hypnosis or b) an imagery only group. Track team members at another high school served as the control group. The athletes in each group had their performance examined at track meets …

Correlations Between Activity And Blood Pressure In African American Women And Girls, Brian A. Murray, C. Jayne Brahler, Janine Baer, John Marotta

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Is the level of physical activity recommended by the Surgeon General enough to elicit the beneficial effects of exercise on blood pressure in African American women and girls? This study investigated self-reported physical activity level and its relationship to blood pressure in a population of African American women (N=25) between the ages of 21 and 53 years and girls (N=52) between the ages of 5 and 17 years, in Dayton, Ohio, USA. Physical activity levels were estimated by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which determined the average hours per week over the past year spent in occupational and leisure activities. Blood pressure …

The Effect Of Active Exercise On Rectus Femoris Cooling Time, Blaine C. Long

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: The ability for cryotherapy to influence subcutaneous temperature has mainly been considered during resting skeletal muscle. However, most injuries occur when subcutaneous temperatures have been physically active. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ice on exercised rectus femoris musculature and the effect of exercise on cooling rectus femoris musculature to 1 0°C below resting temperature. Design and Setting: Two 2 x 2 repeated measures designs were used. The study was conducted in the Sports Injury Research Laboratory at Indiana State University. Subjects: Six (age= 26.0 ± 3.2 yrs, ht = 181.6 ± 2.4cm, …

External Ankle Stablization: Male High School Basketball Players' Perceptions On Functional Performance, Renae E. Bomar

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure and report athletes' perceptions of the effects an external ankle support has on functional performance, and to gain knowledge ofwhat type of ankle support the athletes choose to wear. Design and Setting: A questionnaire containing demographic information and 4 construct areas was designed to focus on assessing high school male basketball players' perception of functional performance while wearing an external ankle support. Survey p~ckets were sent to high school certified athletic trainers (ATCs) to be distributed to each male basketball player. Subjects: Approximately 770 surveys were sent out to ATCs in …

Student Physical Activity Patterns: Grade, Gender, And Activity Influences, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Jeffrey J. Martin, Qin Lai, Amy Kliber, Brett Reed

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to determine how physical education students' cardiovascular responses as determined by mean heart rate, standard deviation of heart rate, and percentage of time in target heart rate zone varied according to student characteristics. Participants were 505 students in Grades 3 through 12. The Polar Accurex Plus heart rate telemetry system was used to measure the physiological load on the cardiovascular system. Three-way ANOVA results suggested that heart rate patterns in physical education varied according to gender, grade, and activity. For example, secondary school girls were more active in individual activities while secondary school boys …

Acute Cardiovascular Response And Perception Of Effort Between The Super Slow And Gold Standard Resistance Training Protocols, Phillip Wickwire

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Super Slow training was proposed by Ken Hutchins in a book entitled Super Slow: The Ultimate Exercise Protocol (1992). Since then Super Slow training has been proposed to improve strength more effectively than traditional resistance training and improve cardiovascular measures above aerobic exercise. However, whether this type of training is safe for the older, possibly hypertensive population to which it is being targeted is questionable. To help provide an answer to this question the purpose of this study was to measure blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) while performing the Super Slow resistance training protocol …

Rpe "Drift" In Fit And Unfit Males Cycling In A Hot And Cool Environment, Robert Pritchett

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The potential influence of aerobic fitness on RPE estimations during extended exercise bouts is not well understood. The current study compared RPE-Overall, RPE-Legs and RPE-Chest between fit (n=7) and unfit (n=6) males. Subjects completed a graded cycling test and then, in a counterbalanced order, on two separate days cycled for 60min (intensity~90% of the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) - determined via gas exchange indices) at 30}1 degrees Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and 18}1 degrees WBGT. Heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tree) and overall and differentiated RPE estimations were collected every 5 minutes. Repeated measures analyses of variance …

Self Defense Instruction And Its Impact On Physical Self-Efficacy Of Female Cadets At The United States Military Academy, Jason Matthew Winkle

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of self defense instruction of female cadets at the United States Military Academy on their physical self-efficacy. All95 female cadets enrolled in PE115 during the fall of2002 were surveyed on the first and last day of class to determine their levels of perceived physical ability (PPA) and physical self-presentation confidence (PSPC). Both the PP A and the PSPC are subscales ofthe Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE). Completed data were collected from 80 (84 percent) ofthe subjects. Statistical data analysis included descriptive statistics and a 2x2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOV A). …

The Effect Of Local Muscle Fatigue On The Threshold Frequency Of An Electrically Induced Cramp, Marcus B. Stone

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Muscle fatigue has been implicated as a factor in the cause of exercise associated muscle cramping. In an electrically induced muscle cramp, threshold frequency (TF) is the frequency of stimulation at which the cramp originates. Therefore, the TF of a fatigued muscle should shift from a previously established baseline. Objective: To determine the effect of local muscle fatigue on TF of electrically induced muscle cramp. Design: A 2 X 2 repeated measures design was used for this study. The independent variables were test (pre- and post-) and condition (control and fatigue). The dependent variable was TF of an electrically …

Technique Differences In Women's 100m Hurdles Between The Current Hurdle Height Of 84.0 Cm And A Proposed Hurdle Height Of 91.4 Cm, Jason M. Francis

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined women's 100 rn hurdle technique modifications over the proposed hurdle height of 91.4 ern compared to the current hurdle height of 84.0 ern. The technique modifications were determined by the kinematic variables composed of linear displacements and angular displacements, and the performance variables composed of velocity measures and timing information. Three women collegiate 1 OOrn hurdlers at Indiana State University and one post collegiate hurdler training at Indiana State University volunteered for the study. The athletes finished a six-week conditioning program prior to the start of hurdle training. The athletes were given two weeks or four hurdle …

The Development Of A Physical Education Teachers' Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Instrument, Jeffrey J. Martin, Pamela Hodges Kulinna

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

In the present investigation a questionnaire was developed to assess physical education teachers' self-efficacy for teaching classes in which their students were engaged in high levels of physical activity (i.e., at least 50% of class time). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in the development of a 16-item, 4-factor, multidimensional physical education teachers' physical activity self-efficacy scale (PETPAS) that produced reliable and valid scores. The Student factor reflected teachers' efficacy for managing students who didn't enjoy or value physical activity. The Time factor was indicative of teachers' efficacy when they didn't have enough time to teach. The Space factor reflected …

Keberkesanan Latihan Bebanan Terhadap Peningkatan Kuasa Kaki Pelajar-Pelajar Perempuan Tingkatan 4, Ying Gay Tan

Student Works (2000-2009)

Tujuan Kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan latihan bebanan terhadap peningkatan Kuasa kaki pelajar-pelajar perempuan berumur 16 tahun (tingkatan 4) dalam sesuatu program latihan. Kajian latihan bebanan adalah berfokus pada kuasa kaki. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 62 orang subjek perempuan (N=62) dari populasi 134 pelajar Tingkatan 4 yang sedang menuntut di sebuah sekolah di Kuala Kubu Bharu. Dari empat buah kelas Tingkatan 4, dua kelas dipilih secara rawak. Satu kelas dipilih secara rawak untuk dijadikan Kumpulan Kawalan iaitu 28 subjek (N=28) dan satu lagi kelas dijadikan Kumpulan Rawatan iaitu 34 subjek (N=34 ). Kaedah 'intact sampling' digunakan dimana semua …

An Investigation Of Perceived Restrictions On Certified Athletic Trainers Practice, Katy Taake

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and nature of perceived restrictions by certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and to determine the frequency of perceived restrictions for each practice setting within states that have legislation. This was a qualitative-descriptive study performed with a web-based survey. 10,000 ATCs receiving electronic mail from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) were invited to participate in this study. 1158 subjects participated in the study, and 724 subjects (295 female and 429 male; age=33.2 ± 8.3yrs) remained after exclusions. A webbased survey was created to evaluate perceived restrictions. Inorder to establish face validity …

The Effects Of Post-Cryotherapy Exercise On Ankle Capsular Temperature, Craig A. Jamison

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Cryokinetics is a common rehabilitative technique. To date, no data describing capsular temperature cycling during cryokinetics have been reported. Objective: To compare ankle capsular temperature before and at the end of each exercise bout during a typical cryokinetics session. Design: A 2 x 10 repeated measure factorial design was used. The independent variables were treatment and bout. The dependent variable for this study capsular temperature of the lateral talo-crural joint. Setting: Data were collected in the Sports Injury Research Laboratory at Indiana State University. Subjects: Nineteen volunteers participated in this study (age= 24.6 + .6 yr; mass= 74.1 + …

Training And Performance Self-Efficacy, Affect, And Performance In Wheelchair Road Racers, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

In the current study, social cognitive theory was examined with athletes with disabilities. More specifically, hierarchical and self-regulatory performance self-efficacy, self-regulatory training self-efficacy, outcome confidence, and affect were examined with wheelchair road racers (N = 51). In accordance with social cognitive theory, moderate to strong significant relationships among 3 types of self-efficacy and outcome confidence were found (rs = .41 - .78). All forms of self-efficacy and positive affect (rs = .39 - .56) were also related providing additional support to social cognitive theory and the important relationships among training and performance related efficacy and affect in …

Changes In Neuromuscular Function In Collegiate Sprinters During An Indoor Season, Jack W. Skaggs

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in neuromuscular function through the use of the Hoffman Reflex in male Division I collegiate sprinters during an indoor competitive season. Design: a 2 X 4 factorial design. The independent variables in this study were groups (Sprint and Control) and testing times (base, mid, peak and taper). The dependent variable was the soleus Hreflex, anaerobic power, and body composition. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building at Indiana State University. Subjects: Ten male Division I collegiate sprinters (age: …

High School Grade Point Average Predicts Admission To An Entry-Level Athletic Training Education Program, Roger S. Dortch

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The increased number of applicants to allied health education programs has increased the responsibility of advisors and counselors to identify students that are most likely to succeed in the classroom and in the clinic. High school variables indicative of admission can be used as an early intervention to identify students' areas of strength. Students can be directed to resources that may improve his/her academic profile and possibly his/her chance of admission. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identil\1 whether or not high school cumulative grade point average, high school rank in class, or standardized test scores can …

Predictive Factors Of Perceived Stress And Work-Related Strain Among Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Shinichiro Sugiura

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: In a college/university setting, certified athletic trainers (ATCs) may have sport coverage, classroom teaching, and clinical instructor responsibilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the most important predictors of perceived stress and work-related strain among ATCs in a college/university setting, how athletic level affected perceived stress and work-related strain, and if the perceived stress score correlated with the work-related strain score. Design and Setting: This study was a webbased survey consisting of demographic and job responsibility questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Work-Related Strain Inventory (WRSI). To evaluate predictors of perceived stress and work-related strain, …

We Want To Play Too, Peter J. Titlebaum, Kate Brennan, Tracy Chynoweth

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that persons with disabilities be integrated to the maximum extent possible, and that these persons cannot be excluded from participation. Intramural directors need to be proactive in this area. The benefits of intramural sports are vast, and they help many students become part of the college community.

Forming an alliance with the Disability Services on campus, the first step, is the most vital aspect of making these programs successful. It is important to remember the difference between what can be done and what must be done. Even with the best of intentions, it …