Sports Sciences Commons^™

Associations Between Leg Lean Mass And Arterial Function In Pre-Menopausal And Post-Menopausal Women., Stephen M. Fischer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vascular dysfunction has been associated to sarcopenia, the age-related impairment in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance, in postmenopausal women. Previous research has shown inverse relationships between leg lean mass (LM) and arterial stiffness (measured as carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV) or pressure wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx) in men and women. AIx is an appropriate vascular marker in young but not middle-age/older adults, especially in women.

Purpose: To examine the associations between leg LM and arterial function (cfPWV and aortic AIx adjusted to 75bpm (AIx@75)) in pre-menopausal (PRE-M) and post-menopausal (POST-M) women. Methods: 47 women (24 PRE-M, …

Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Plantarflexion Exercise In Young-Old And Older-Old Adults, Arun Maharaj, Salvador J. Jaime, Justin Mason, Patrick Saracino, Arturo Figueroa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The aging process is associated with a gradual decrease in exercise performance, leg muscle blood flow and oxygenation, and endothelial vascular reactivity. Purpose: To examine potential differences in femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (fa-FMD) and calf muscle oxygenation (HbO₂) during low-intensity plantarflexion exercise in older adults. Methods: 43 young-old (YO; n=24, 67 ± 1 years) and older-old (OO: n=19, 70 ± 1 years) individuals were included in this study. We measured body fat % and leg lean mass (LLM) by DEXA and handgrip maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using a dynamometer. VO_2max was estimated using a submaximal treadmill test. …

Accuracy Of Fitbit Surge And Smartphone Apps At Measuring Cycling Distance And Speed, Jose L. Gamez Jr., Ivan A. Figueroa, Merrill D. Funk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There are many smartphone apps that measure distance and speed of cycling, however, there is no research on the accuracy of this cycling apps. PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of Fitbit Surge and two smartphone applications at measuring distance and speed while cycling outside. METHODS: Thirteen college-aged students (Mean±SD; BMI: 25.2±3.0kg/m²; 10 males, 3 females) consented to participate in one measurement session. A 0.75 mile route along a sidewalk around the university campus was used for 3 separate trials using a mountain bike. A Fitbit (FB) along with an Android smartphone running Google-Fit (G-Fit) and S-Health (SH) were …

Ability Of The Functional Movement Screen (Fms) To Predict Injury In Ncaa Division Ii Track And Field Athletes And The Association Between The Fms, Eccentric Hip Abduction Strength, And Injury Risk, Shane Purser, Collin Brown, Teresa Huckaby, Shelly Weise

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A high injury rate is present in the collegiate cross country and track population. Currently no gold standard measurement exists to predict future injury. The FMS and eccentric hip strength are two potential measures to predict future injury risk. PURPOSE: To establish if the 100 point FMS and 21 point FMS scores are correlated with injury risk among NCAA Division II cross country and track and field athletes, as well as determine if hip strength is associated with injury risk or FMS score. METHODS: This investigation was an exploratory prospective cohort study of eight Division II cross country …

Assessment Of Travis County Health Disparities And Child Obesity Rates, David Rodriguez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: The youth obesity epidemic in the United States represents a prevalence of health challenges that can potentially lead to future preventable diseases. There are many factors that contribute to the ongoing obesity epidemic in America. PURPOSE: This study investigated the correlation between environmental factors, behavioral factors, socioeconomic status (SES), and obesity/overweight rates among school grade children within Travis County. We aimed to identify risk factors that contribute to obesity rates on the national, state, and Travis County levels. METHODS: We researched, contacted school district representatives, and photographed two Travis County school districts on opposite ends of the SES …

Validity Of Bmi-Based Equations For Estimating Body Fat Percentage In Collegiate Male Soccer Players: A Three-Compartment Model Comparison, Alexandra Loredo, Kassandra A. Jaramillo, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The ease of calculating body mass index (BMI)-based body fat percentage (BF%) is appealing in collegiate male soccer player who have limited time availability and strict training regimens. However, research has yet to evaluate whether BMI-based BF% equations are valid when compared to a criterion multi-compartment model. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare BMI-based BF% equations with a three-compartment (3C) model in collegiate male soccer players. METHODS: Sixteen NCAA Division II male soccer players (age = 21 ± 2 years; ht = 179.0 ± 8.2 cm; wt = 78.0 ± 8.5 kg) participated in this study. BMI …

Exercise-Induced Th17 Lymphocyte Response And Their Relationship To Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Obese, Post-Menopausal Women, Maria A. Cardenas, Michael M. Levitt, Bryan Richie, Shaohan Lu, Elise Erickson, Carmen Cook, Jay Haynes, Andreas Kreutzer, Joel B. Mitchell, Melody D. Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity-induced inflammation promotes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A causative link between adaptive immunity and pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases has been established. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of exercise on circulating T-helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes in overweight/obese post-menopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-seven overweight/obese women (BMI 32.7 ± 5.1 kg×m^-2, 55-75 yr) were randomly assigned to the exercise (EX, n=14) or education (ED, n=13) groups. EX performed a 25-min walk (75-80% HRR) and 2 sets of 8 resistance exercises (70-80% 1RM) with blood samples obtained at: pre-exercise, post-exercise, one-hour and two-hour post-exercise. Blood samples were obtained …

Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Among Majority-Minority Sample Of Adults: The Houston Train Study, Ashleigh Johnson, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Deborah Salvo, Erin Dooley, Casey Philip Durand, Gregory Knell, Samantha Kreis, Harold W. Kohl Iii

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Based on self-reported data, minority populations are often found to be less active compared to whites, which may contribute to overall health disparities. The Houston Travel Related Activity in Neighborhoods (TRAIN) Study provides an opportunity to examine differences in accelerometer-determined physical activity levels among a majority-minority sample of adults. PURPOSE: To describe and examine differences in accelerometer-determined physical activity and sedentary behavior among TRAIN participants at baseline, by race/ethnic groups and sex. METHODS: Study participants were part of an ongoing natural experiment of transportation-related physical activity. At baseline, a group of participants self-selected to wear an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT …

Accuracy Of Fitbit Charge 2 At Estimating Vo2max, Calories, And Steps On A Treadmill, Naomi D. Lucio, Elvia V. Salazar, Ivan A. Figueroa, Jose L. Gamez, Ryan D. Russell, Merrill D. Funk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Current fitness activity trackers can account for steps, calories burned, heart rate, and distance traveled. A new feature has recently been introduced on the Fitbit Charge 2, “Cardio Fitness Level,” which is comparable to a VO2max score in that it allows consumers to be aware of their aerobic fitness level. PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 2 at estimating VO2 score (“Cardio Fitness Level”), calories, and steps when compared to indirect calorimetry and video analyzed steps, respectively. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy adults (Mean±SD; 24.1±4.2yrs; 16.9±9.0%fat; 15 male) completed two separate visits. On the first visit, anthropometric measurements were …

Diet And Sex Differences Induce Unique Alterations Of Markers For Blood Brain Barrier Integrity In Age-Accelerated Mice, Dakota R. Kamm, Kenneth A. Witt, Karin E. Sandoval, Megan L. Schaller, Matthew P. Harris, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The role of diet on brain health has received significant attention, with the Western diet (WD) contributing to cerebrovascular alterations and neurodegenerative disease. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) may play a particularly important role as it forms the interface between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system. The WD has been shown to negatively impact the BBB. Whether there are sex specific differences with diet on BBB integrity remains unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of diet and sex on the mRNA expression of markers of BBB integrity in an age-accelerated mouse model. METHODS: Male and female Senescence …

What Determines The Metabolic Cost Of Human Running Across A Wide Range Of Velocities?, Shalaya Kipp, Alena Marie Grabowski, Rodger Kram

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The cost of generating force hypothesis proposes that the metabolic rate during running is determined by the rate of muscle force development (1/t_c, t_c=contact time) and volume of active leg muscle. A previous study assumed a constant recruited muscle volume and reported that the rate of force development alone explains ~70% of the increase in metabolic rate for human runners across a moderate velocity range (2-4 m s^-1). PURPOSE: We performed a more systematic analysis of the effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of the lower leg over a wide velocity range to determine if …

Validity Of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment In Adolescents Using The Non-Exercise Test, Pacer, And The K4b2 Portable Metabolic System, Pedro Migliano, Megan James, Allison Hall, Amy Fruge, Anna Flipse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of adolescent cardiovascular and future cardiometabolic health. The PACER test is often used to measure CRF in adolescents but is not feasible with pediatric populations unable to perform physical testing secondary to physical impairments. The non-exercise test (NET) has been recommended as a proxy for estimating VO₂ in individuals not able to perform physical tests by using variables such as gender, age, body mass index, resting HR, and self-reported habitual physical activity levels. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was estimate the concurrent validity of the NET for adolescents against the PACER …

Metabolic Responses To A Battling Rope Protocol Performed In The Seated Or Stance Positions, Dominisha Felder, Kasey Hogan, Reka Kovacs, Hannah Mitchell, Wayne Brewer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Achieving the recommended amount of physical activity is a greater challenge for individuals who are disabled than those who are not disabled. Battling ropes is an intense exercise that has been shown to promote elevation of heart rate and increased oxygen consumption, and may be a beneficial exercise alternative for individuals with disabilities. PURPOSE: To compare the levels of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO₂) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited by a treadmill (TM) or bicycle (BK) VO₂ max test with a standing or sitting battling rope protocol (BRP) (TM vs. standing BRP) (BK vs. …

The Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Vs. Continuous Moderate-Intensity Exercise On C1q/Tnf-Related Protein-9 Expression And Flow-Mediated Vasodilation In Obese Individuals, Brandon G. Fico, Ryan S. Garten, Michael C. Zourdos, Michael Whitehurst, Peter J. Ferrandi, Katelyn M. Dodge, Gabriel Pena, Alexandra A. Rodriguez, Chun-Jung Huang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: A recent novel adipocytokine, C1q/TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9), has been shown to increase activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduce vasoconstrictors (e.g., endothelin-1). In addition, CTRP9 may play a compensatory role in obesity-related endothelial dysfunction. Although there is limited information regarding exercise-mediated CTRP9, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in improving indicators of endothelial function (e.g., brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [BAFMD]). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute HIIE vs. CME on serum CTRP9 and BAFMD responses in obese individuals. METHODS: …

Horse-Related Injuries: Causes, Preventability, And Where Educational Efforts Should Be Focused, Fernanda Camargo, William R. Gombeski Jr., Polly Barger, Connie Jehlik, Holly Wiemers, James Mead, Amy Lawyer

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

A high percentage of equestrians will experience accidents, with different degrees of severity, throughout their riding careers. Horse-related injuries have the highest likelihood of requiring hospitalization based on individuals visiting US emergency departments. Studies have shown that the majority of injured riders said they could have prevented the accident and the injury was due to rider/handler error. Therefore, equestrians reported their injuries, and a panel of experts analyzed these reports to better understand the causes, how to prevent, and where to invest educational resources to generate a reduction in horse-related accidents. The majority of riders reported intermediate riding skills, most …

An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Fundamental Movement Skill Proficiency And Markers Of Health Among A Cohort Of Irish Primary School Children, Linda Bolger

PhDs

Background: Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are basic observable patterns of movement. Although FMS are positively associated with health, FMS levels among children worldwide are low. Interventions to improve FMS and markers of health among children are warranted. Thus, the purpose of this research was to firstly evaluate the FMS proficiency and markers of health of Irish primary school children, and to design and implement a programme of interventions to improve both.

Methods: Two interventions (1 Physical Activity [PA] and 1 FMS) were implemented and evaluated using children from 3 primary schools in Cork. Children (N=217, mean age: 7.98±2.00 years) …

Designing And Evaluating The Impact Of An Inclusive Aquatics Training Programme For Aquatic Tutors And Teachers, Lucy Cush

Theses

Every human has a fundamental right to physical education, physical activity and sport without discrimination. To achieve quality physical education, physical activity and sport, the associated support personnel, professionals and volunteers alike should be appropriately enabled through suitable training. For people with disabilities, aquatic activities are a recognised method of developing physical and motor skills, social skills and developing selfesteem (Getz, Hutzler and Vermeer, 2006). Hence, aquatics being the most popular physical activity for people with a disability (Irish Sports Monitor, 2015).

A key factor that determines the success of an inclusive aquatic programme is the aquatic instmctor (Conaster et …

Factors Related To The Career Intentions Of Senior Athletic Training Students Approaching Graduation, Rae Lee Emrick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research inquiry examined the factors that influence soon-to-be graduating senior athletic training major’s decisions on their career intentions. Two research questions guided this study: What are the factors, experiences, and/or circumstances that contribute to senior athletic training students approaching graduation planning to persist in or pursue the athletic training profession? and What are the factors, experiences, and circumstances that contribute to senior athletic training students approaching graduation leading to displacement and students not planning to seek employment in the athletic training profession? Qualitative research methods employed a multiple case approach examining four different CAATE accredited athletic training programs …

The Effectiveness Of School-Based Interventions On The Fundamental Movement Skill Proficiency Among A Cohort Of Irish Primary School Children, Lisa Bolger

PhDs

Background: Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are basic observable patterns of movement such as running and jumping. FMS facilitate participation in physical activity and sport. The ability to perform FMS correctly (i.e. FMS proficiency) is associated with numerous health benefits and is important for the holistic development of children. FMS proficiency among primary school children worldwide is low. Thus, interventions aimed at improving FMS levels among children are warranted. Therefore, this thesis aimed to assess the FMS proficiency among a cohort of Irish primary school children and examine the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) (Year 1) and a multicomponent FMS …

Alternative Models Of Sports Development In America: Solutions To A Crisis In Education And Public Health, B. David Ridpath

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

In the United States, the entanglement of sports and education has persisted for over a century. Multimillion-dollar high school football stadiums, college coaches whose salaries are many times those of their institutions’ presidents, psychological and educational tolls on student-athletes, and high-profile academic scandals are just symptoms of a system that has come under increasing fire. Institutions large and small face persistent quandaries: which do they value more, academic integrity or athletic success? Which takes precedence: prioritizing elite teams and athletes, or making it possible for all students to participate in sports? How do we create opportunities for academic—not just athletic—development …

Athletic Training Students Demonstrate Supplemental Oxygen Administration Skill Decay, But Retain Knowledge Over Six Months, David C. Berry, Jennifer K. Popp

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Research suggests skill decay occurs with emergency skills, such as supplemental oxygen administration (OA), since the frequency of medical emergencies in clinical settings is low. Identifying the presence and timeline for skill decay allows educators to employ strategies to prevent this occurrence. Therefore, this study evaluated retention of knowledge and clinical skills associated with supplemental oxygen administration, specifically nasal cannula (NC) and non-rebreather mask (NrM) usage in professional athletic training students.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Twenty-nine athletic training students (males=11, females=18; age=21.03+1.38) enrolled in a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)-accredited professional athletic training programs. Participants’ …

8893: Athletic Training Student Application Of Health Information Technology During Clinical Education: A Report From The Athletic Training Clinical Education Network, C. E. Welch Bacon, S. E. Walker, J. M. Cavallario, R. C. Bay, B. L. Van Lunen

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context: Health information technology (HIT) is becoming ubiquitous in health care, so it is essential to ensure professional athletic training students (ATSs) are gaining exposure to the concepts of HIT throughout their clinical experiences. Research has demonstrated that when ATSs observe patient encounters (PEs) they are less likely to implement HIT; however, it is still unclear how or to what extent ATSs are incorporating concepts of HIT during individual PEs. Objective: To assess whether ATSs are integrating concepts of HIT during PEs as part of their clinical experiences. Design: Multisite, panel design. Setting: Convenience sample of 3 Commission on Accreditation …

In Memoriam 2017, Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

In Memoriam 2017 - Adolph Kiefer, Louise Priest, Terry Laughlin

Effects Of Aquatic And Land Plyometrics On Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review, Alissa Rhode, David C. Berry

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature to determine whether aquatic plyometric training (APT) increases athletic performance compared to land-based plyometric training (LPT). We identified 6 articles from PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and single-citation matching from January, 1995 through January, 2017 using search words “aquatic plyometric training OR aquatic plyometric OR aquatic plyometrics.” After screening (title, abstract), 6 articles were reviewed for inclusion criteria: (1) full-report/abstract, (2) peer-reviewed RCTs/clinical trials, (3) English language, (4) focused on healthy individuals (free of current, lower-extremity, musculoskeletal injuries) ages 16-30 years, and (6) included strength, power, and/or vertical jump [VJ] dependent …

Acquisition Of Aquatic Motor Skills Through Children’S Motor Stories, Juan Antonio Moreno Murcia, Elisa Huescar Hernandez, Jose Antonio Richart Parra

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

An increasing interest in the renewal of traditional recreational content and the use of the aquatic environments as educational resources is supported by very few empirical, evidence-based studies that link the two. This quasi-experimental study analyzed the role of stories in influencing perceived motor competence and real motor skills in seventy-eight children ages between 4 and 5 years through the administration of two questionnaires on aquatic motor ability and aquatic motor competence. Differences were found in aquatic motor competence (p < .01) and aquatic motor ability (p < .05) for the experimental group, where higher means values were obtained after the intervention. We present this methodological proposal as a useful educational tool for early childhood stimulation with achievements that go beyond motor progress itself.

The Effects Of Exercise On Mental Health: A Research Review, Kaylani Benson

Honors College Theses

This research review looks at the effects exercise and physical activity have on mental health. The results of this review are based upon the results of the formal studies that have been included. These studies are Benefits of Exercise on Physical and Mental Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Exercise Effects on Mental Health of Preschool Children, The Effect of Morning Exercise on Mental Health of Female Police Employees, Exercise and Mental Health of People Living with HIV: A Systemic Review, Exercise Improves Physical Function and Mental Health of Brain Cancer Survivors: Two Exploratory Case Studies, Effect of Yogic and Physical …

Effects Of Leg Girth And Leg Strength On Division I Track Athletes Race Performance, Benjamin Clay Dixon

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

Thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science, Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Benjamin Clay Dixon on December 7, 2017.

A Mixed-Methods Study: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Private Social Media Participation And Accountability, Adherence, And Social Connectedness In, Diana A. Cabori

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this mixed-methods sequential explanatory study was to examine the influence of private social media usage on accountability, adherence, and social connectedness in weight loss and fitness program participants.

Methodology: This study utilized a mixed-methods sequential explanatory research design comprised of a multi-state quantitative survey of weight loss and fitness participants and subsequent qualitative interviews to elucidate the influence of private social media on weight loss and fitness program participants regarding program accountability and adherence, and social connectedness to others. The population included 3,000 participants of The Camp Transformation Center and 1,000 participants of Warrior Fitness and …

Comparing Preceptor And Student Perceptions On Mentoring Characteristics: An Exploratory Study, Stephanie M. Mazerolle, Jessica L. Barrett, Christianne M. Eason, Sara Nottingham

Athletic Training Faculty Articles and Research

Key Points:

• No significant differences exist in students and preceptors perceptions of mentoring.
• Preceptors and students value professional and interpersonal attributes of mentorship.
• Gender and ethnicity were not highly rated aspects of mentorship.

The Relationship Between Aerobic Fitness And Depression Level Determined With Hamilton Scale In Older Adults, Ermilo Canton-Martínez, Patricia C. García-Suárez|, Gabriela Valles-Verdugo, Iván Rentería, Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Depression is a major public health problem associated with both morbidity and mortality throughout the world, in Mexico epidemiological reports show a prevalence of depression in older adults of 9.5% in women and 5% in men; it is widely held that regular exercise and physical activity in older subjects have a significant impact on psychological health and well-being. PURPOSE: To determine whether if higher aerobic fitness is associated with decreased symptoms of clinical depression in older adults. METHODS: Participants (n=21) included individuals raging ages from 61 to 72 years old and were not regular exercisers. The 6 minute walking …