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Full-Text Articles in International Public Health

A Qualitative Study Of Quality Of Care In Rural Karnataka, P.H. Reddy Jan 1995

A Qualitative Study Of Quality Of Care In Rural Karnataka, P.H. Reddy

Reproductive Health

The Third Five-Year Plan (1961–66) aimed at reducing the crude birth rate in India to 25 per 1,000 population by 1973, however this goal has not been achieved. Several other demographic goals were set later, to be achieved by specified years, but they were deferred or revised. One major reason for the failure to achieve these goals was thought to be the lack of adequate infrastructural facilities for the family welfare program, thus it was decided to improve the institution–population ratio. The primary objective of this study is to assess the quality of interaction between clients and providers, and the …

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Lessons Learned From A Community-Based Distribution Programme In Rural Bihar, S. Parveen, M.E. Khan, John Townsend, Bella C. Patel Jan 1995

Lessons Learned From A Community-Based Distribution Programme In Rural Bihar, S. Parveen, M.E. Khan, John Townsend, Bella C. Patel

Reproductive Health

The state of Bihar in North India ranks near the bottom of the Indian states in terms of its demographic situation. The infant mortality rate as of 1991 was 69 per 1,000, and the contraceptive prevalence rate as of 1990 was 26 percent. Bihar ranks near the bottom among other states of India in almost all indicators of social and economic development. One reason for its low performance is weak management. Besides poverty, a poor communications network and lack of proper infrastructure further make the implementation of programs difficult. Workers have misconceptions about FP methods, and educational activities are poorly …

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Improvements In Knowledge Of Norplant® Implants Acceptors: An Intervention Study In West Sumatra And West Java, Anthony Tan, Eman Mahdar, Faisal R. Djamal, Hafni Bachtiar, Jayanti Tuladhar, R. Hasan, R. Hasan, M. Hoesni Jan 1995

Improvements In Knowledge Of Norplant® Implants Acceptors: An Intervention Study In West Sumatra And West Java, Anthony Tan, Eman Mahdar, Faisal R. Djamal, Hafni Bachtiar, Jayanti Tuladhar, R. Hasan, R. Hasan, M. Hoesni

Reproductive Health

Previous studies on Norplant® implants in Indonesia have shown that there are a substantial number of implant acceptors, providers, fieldworkers, and volunteers who are unaware of the basic facts about Norplant. In addition, information, education, and communication materials are lacking for providers, fieldworkers, volunteers, and clients. With these issues in mind, the Training and Development Center for Biomedical and Human Reproduction Studies of the National Family Planning Coordinating Board launched an Operations Research intervention study with Study Groups on Human Reproduction from Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, and Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, with support from the Population Council. The …

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Experience With The Dmpa Injectable Contraceptive: Findings From A Survey Of Dmpa Acceptors, Maria Carmela Patron, Marilou P. Costello Jan 1995

Experience With The Dmpa Injectable Contraceptive: Findings From A Survey Of Dmpa Acceptors, Maria Carmela Patron, Marilou P. Costello

Reproductive Health

This report presents the results of a survey of 899 DMPA acceptors who availed of injectable contraceptive services from public health facilities under the Philippine Department of Health's (DOH) DMPA Reintroduction Program. The survey is part of the DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies sponsored by the Population Council’s Manila office in response to a request by the DOH to provide operations research support to the program. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), commonly known as Depo-Provera, is a three-month injectable contraceptive. It was recently officially endorsed as a family planning (FP) program method by the DOH, following its approval by the Philippine Bureau …

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Report On Norplant® Implants In Indonesia, Andrew A. Fisher, Soledad Diaz, Alejandro N. Herrin, Joedo Prihartono Jan 1995

Report On Norplant® Implants In Indonesia, Andrew A. Fisher, Soledad Diaz, Alejandro N. Herrin, Joedo Prihartono

Reproductive Health

At the request of the Indonesian National Family Planning Coordinating Board, the Population Council’s consultant team reviewed issues related to Norplant® implant service delivery in Indonesia and recommended specific areas for new initiatives, improvements, and further research. The team reviewed secondary sources on the subject and visited Indonesia from April 17–28, 1995. They talked with family planning (FP) officials and observers and made field visits to West Java and Yogyakarta. This report reviews important issues facing the national FP program, particularly regarding Norplant insertions and removals. Program approaches are included, as are an outline for a national assessment study that …

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Dmpa Monitoring Study: Findings On Use And Continuation Rates, Population Council Jan 1995

Dmpa Monitoring Study: Findings On Use And Continuation Rates, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This report presents the results of the DMPA Monitoring Study undertaken by Population Council, Manila, as a technical assistance project for the DMPA Reintroduction Program of the Department of Health. The primary objective of the study is to provide data on DMPA (injectable contraceptive) utilization and continuation rates that may be used to project the logistical needs of the program for the next four years (1995–1998). Availability of DMPA supplies, and information, education, and communication (IEC) materials on DMPA in the facilities were also monitored to provide some measure of the effectiveness of the distribution system. The study covers a …

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Improving The Counseling And Medical Care Of Postabortion Patients In Egypt, Population Council, Egyptian Fertility Care Society Jan 1995

Improving The Counseling And Medical Care Of Postabortion Patients In Egypt, Population Council, Egyptian Fertility Care Society

Reproductive Health

This pilot study conducted in Cairo and Minya examined the effects of improving the medical care and counseling of post-abortion patients in Egypt. A pre-test/post-test, no control group study design was used to measure the effects of an intervention that upgraded physicians' clinical and interpersonal communication skills for the care of post-abortion patients, including counseling and family planning (FP). The study's surveys utilized direct interviews with staff working in the OB/GYN wards, structured observations of treatment procedures and counseling of post-abortion patients, and interviews with patients prior to discharge. Changes in the clinical management of post-abortion patients were introduced through …

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An Exploratory Study Of The Psycho-Social Stress Associated With Abortions In Egypt, Dale Huntington, Laila Nawar, Dalia Abdel Hady Jan 1995

An Exploratory Study Of The Psycho-Social Stress Associated With Abortions In Egypt, Dale Huntington, Laila Nawar, Dalia Abdel Hady

Reproductive Health

An operations research study was conducted to investigate the concerns of postabortion patients in Egypt to improve counseling that women receive. A corollary use of the study results is the development of sensitive survey research questions for measuring incidence of induced abortion. This study utilized qualitative research methods by conducting in-depth interviews with postabortion patients in El Galaa and El Menia University Hospitals and focus group discussions with family planning clients and noncontracepting women. For all types of postabortion patients the most salient issue was physical survival of an extremely painful experience. All postabortion patients were acutely concerned about their …

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Improving Community Based Family Planning Services And The Potential For Increasing Contraceptive Prevalence In Bangladesh, Amy Gale Dunston, Peter C. Miller Jan 1995

Improving Community Based Family Planning Services And The Potential For Increasing Contraceptive Prevalence In Bangladesh, Amy Gale Dunston, Peter C. Miller

Reproductive Health

This report contains descriptions of 13 family planning (FP) projects recently implemented in Bangladesh. The results in terms of the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) are analyzed to investigate the degree to which improved FP service delivery in Bangladesh can increase contraceptive use in the present status of demand, investigate the programmatic factors most associated with increased prevalence, and make these projects more widely known. Criteria for inclusion included coverage of a geographic area where household distribution of contraceptive supplies was available, and where at least one measurement of CPR has been made through credible survey efforts since July 1988. The …

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Support For Research, Dissemination, Utilization, And Policy In Bangladesh, Ubaidur Rob, Donna Nager Jan 1995

Support For Research, Dissemination, Utilization, And Policy In Bangladesh, Ubaidur Rob, Donna Nager

Reproductive Health

Through the initiative of the Family Planning Fortnight: Meeting the Future Challenges, held in December 1993, the Government of Bangladesh made a policy statement about the critical importance of dealing with the nation's population problem. The Fortnight provided the strategic framework for developing actions to strengthen the National Family Planning Program that would meet the country's population challenges. To initiate rapid action, the Family Planning Fortnight Steering Committee, under the chairmanship of the Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, formed a working group to prepare a report that would capitalize on all earlier efforts and lay out a plan …

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A Study Of User Perspectives On The Diaphragm In An Urban Indian Setting, T.K. Sundari Ravindran Jan 1995

A Study Of User Perspectives On The Diaphragm In An Urban Indian Setting, T.K. Sundari Ravindran

Reproductive Health

This study attempted to examine user perspectives regarding the desirability of the diaphragm as a contraceptive method when included among other methods distributed freely through a family planning (FP) clinic. It sought to introduce on an experimental basis, the diaphragm into an ongoing and well-established FP clinic to increase contraceptive choice. This was primarily a qualitative study aimed at understanding women's perceptions about the risks and benefits, the reasons for use of the diaphragm, and the practical difficulties of using it effectively. It also studied the influence of service delivery factors in acceptance of this method. The study was part …

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Follow-Up Study Among Iud Acceptors Of Java, R. Hasan M. Hoesni, M. Hasan, Anthony Tan, Jayanti Tuladhar, Jusuf S. Effendi, Bantuk Hadijanto, Pudjo Hartono Jan 1995

Follow-Up Study Among Iud Acceptors Of Java, R. Hasan M. Hoesni, M. Hasan, Anthony Tan, Jayanti Tuladhar, Jusuf S. Effendi, Bantuk Hadijanto, Pudjo Hartono

Reproductive Health

As of April 1993, an estimated 5.3 million women in Indonesia were using IUDs. In 1991, the IUD was the second most commonly used family planning method in Indonesia (13.4 percent). According to the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, in 1994 it became the third most commonly used method among currently married women (10.3 percent), primarily on the islands of Java and Bali. The National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), in collaboration with the Faculties of Medicine, Diponegoro University in Semarang, Airlangga University in Surabaya, and BKS-Penfin in Bandung, conducted a "Follow-up Study Among IUD Acceptors of Java,” from November …

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Knowledge, Attitudes And Practice Of The Dmpa Injectable Contraceptive: Data From Focus Group Discussions, Maria Carmela Patron, Marilou P. Costello Jan 1995

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practice Of The Dmpa Injectable Contraceptive: Data From Focus Group Discussions, Maria Carmela Patron, Marilou P. Costello

Reproductive Health

This report is based on data from 12 focus group discussions conducted throughout the Philippines as part of the DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies. The DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies are part of a technical assistance project undertaken by the Population Council in support of the Department of Health’s DMPA Reintroduction Program. The project provides data on DMPA (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate) acceptance and continuation rates as well profiles of DMPA users and dropouts to serve as bases for decisions and policies that will ensure quality services. The project draws information from several sources including a 15-month monitoring of DMPA acceptors; surveys …

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Operations Research For Program Planning And Management, Alejandro N. Herrin Jan 1995

Operations Research For Program Planning And Management, Alejandro N. Herrin

Reproductive Health

The Family Planning Operations Research and Training Program of the Philippines was established in 1992 to strengthen the nation's capacity to carry out and utilize operations research (OR) for program planning and management. It has sponsored training workshops and funded OR studies on issues of priority to both national and local program managers. The program’s recent activities, culminated in the National Research Utilization Conference held in September 1994, were designed to assist in the institutionalization processes. However, more needs to be done to determine how these processes will actually work in specific national and local government agencies and academic and …

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Current Experiences With Community-Based Distribution Of Family Planning In Kenya: A Review Prepared For Usaid/Kenya, Population Council Jan 1995

Current Experiences With Community-Based Distribution Of Family Planning In Kenya: A Review Prepared For Usaid/Kenya, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Kenya has been one of the leading countries worldwide in developing and implementing community-based distribution (CBD) programs as part of the national family planning (FP) program. CBD activities in Kenya are coordinated by the National Council for Population and Development, with support from USAID and other donor agencies. Kenya’s CBD program has been widely publicized because of its success in improving access to FP information and services, and its diversity of organizational structures. USAID would like to review the current situation and possible future directions before designing its CBD strategy for the next five-year bilateral project. The Africa OR/TA II …

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Quality Of Care In Family Planning Service Delivery In Kenya: Clients' And Providers' Perspectives, Lewis Ndhlovu Jan 1995

Quality Of Care In Family Planning Service Delivery In Kenya: Clients' And Providers' Perspectives, Lewis Ndhlovu

Reproductive Health

In recent years, the increasing number of organizations that have studied quality of care in international family planning (FP) programs demonstrates the importance the topic has acquired. To define quality of care in FP, the Bruce–Jain framework of six elements of care (choice of methods, information given to clients, technical competence, interpersonal relations, continuity and follow up, and appropriate constellation of services) have been used as the standard. However, what has been overlooked in this approach is the clients' perspectives of service quality. This study sought to narrow the gap in knowledge about the comparability and consistency in views between …

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Day Of Dialogue On Contraceptive Methods For Today And Tomorrow: Developments, Prospects, And Issues, Population Council Jan 1995

Day Of Dialogue On Contraceptive Methods For Today And Tomorrow: Developments, Prospects, And Issues, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This “aide-memoire” records the substance of the presentations and discussions of a Day of Dialogue—spanning two half-days on June 20–21, 1994—among representatives of the European donor community and the Population Council on “Contraceptive Methods for Today and Tomorrow: Developments, Prospects, and Issues.” The discussion covered how contraceptives are developed, prospects for new technology, areas of controversy surrounding current and potential methods, and ways to improve the process. This is the third Day of Dialogue the Population Council has been instrumental in organizing. The format for these meetings is simple and informal: Population Council staff and invited experts from other organizations …

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District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Rampur, S.K.G. Dastidar, Tausif Alam Khan, B.P. Thiagrajan, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend Jan 1995

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Rampur, S.K.G. Dastidar, Tausif Alam Khan, B.P. Thiagrajan, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The Government of India and the United States Agency for International Development began the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (IFPS) in Uttar Pradesh under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA). The goal was to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh by accelerating family planning (FP) services at the district level through innovative approaches. IFPS’s main objectives were to increase access to FP services, improve the quality of FP services, and promote contraceptive use. Initially 15 districts were selected for the Baseline Survey in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP). The baseline information collected will be …

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Acceptability Of First Trimester Medical Abortion, Beverly Winikoff Jan 1994

Acceptability Of First Trimester Medical Abortion, Beverly Winikoff

Reproductive Health

Unwanted pregnancy is a serious and stressful problem for women. As stated in this paper, technologies that afford safe and effective abortion are well accepted and provide relief from a great difficulty. Many women fear surgery and will go far to avoid it. There is substantial apprehension about general anesthesia during surgery and also fear that local anesthesia may not prevent pain. This leads to a high demand for a medical abortion alternative. Some women consider that the quick and definitive surgical alternative is easier; some find that swallowing a pill is easier. Privacy is greatly valued. Medical abortion technology …

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Family Planning And Reproductive Health: Briefing Sheets For A Gender Analysis, Kirsten Moore, Debbie Rogow Jan 1994

Family Planning And Reproductive Health: Briefing Sheets For A Gender Analysis, Kirsten Moore, Debbie Rogow

Reproductive Health

This series of briefing sheets, developed by the Population Council, represents a starting point for the application of gender to the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) arena. The information covers five key areas of RH: gender-based abuse, FP and gender issues among adolescents, sexuality and FP, men’s and women’s social and economic responsibilities for childrearing, and the complicated nexus between gender and FP/RH. In so doing, it provides a strong foundation for gender training. This concept was first developed to fulfill a need for gender training within the regional Operations Research/Technical Assistance Projects. To date, two such workshops …

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Community-Based Aids Prevention And Care In Africa: Case Studies From Five African Countries, Ann Leonard Jan 1994

Community-Based Aids Prevention And Care In Africa: Case Studies From Five African Countries, Ann Leonard

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council carried out a three-year project entitled “Community-Based AIDS Prevention and Care in Africa: Building on Local Initiatives.” Given the constraints faced by the health care infrastructure in responding to the AIDS crisis and the limitations of traditional educational approaches in motivating people to modify their sexual behavior, in the African context community-based AIDS prevention and care of those affected are the first line of defense against the infection. This project was developed to explore efforts by organizations in Africa dealing directly with the consequences of AIDS, to understand the essential components of effective community-based efforts for AIDS …

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Profile Of Clients Of Different Providers Of Family Planning Services In Egypt, Social Planning, Analysis & Administration Consultants (Spaac) Jan 1994

Profile Of Clients Of Different Providers Of Family Planning Services In Egypt, Social Planning, Analysis & Administration Consultants (Spaac)

Reproductive Health

The Government of Egypt launched its national family planning (FP) program in 1966. The early phase was mainly supply oriented and aimed at ensuring wide distribution of contraceptives primarily through pharmacies to meet rising demand. Between 1988 and 1992 a number of additional sources of FP services appeared, with an increase in clinic-based services through both the private and public sectors. In 1992 about one-fourth of users relied on pharmacies to get their FP supplies compared to about one-half in 1988. This change evolved through the influence of two forces: the initiation of a number of FP projects, and expanded …

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Gender Inequalities And Demographic Behavior: Egypt, Nora Guhl Naguib, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara L. Ibrahim Jan 1994

Gender Inequalities And Demographic Behavior: Egypt, Nora Guhl Naguib, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara L. Ibrahim

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. Their purpose is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family's central role in …

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Population Policy In Bangladesh: A Review Of Ten Priority Areas, Barkat-E- Khuda, Abul Barkat, Javed Helali, Peter C. Miller, John G. Haaga Jan 1994

Population Policy In Bangladesh: A Review Of Ten Priority Areas, Barkat-E- Khuda, Abul Barkat, Javed Helali, Peter C. Miller, John G. Haaga

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

One of the most important factors contributing to the success of Bangladesh’s FP-MCH Program in recent years has been the strong support provided at the policy level by all the governments of Bangladesh since independence. This has given the government confidence and supported the development of a coherent set of policies at the implementation level. However, the success of policies at one stage in the development of a family planning (FP) program carries with it the need for changes in policy to support the program at the next stage. In Bangladesh, if the nation is to attain the demographic goals …

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Partnership For Prevention: A Report Of A Meeting Between Women's Health Advocates, Program Planners, And Scientists, Population Council Jan 1994

Partnership For Prevention: A Report Of A Meeting Between Women's Health Advocates, Program Planners, And Scientists, Population Council

Reproductive Health

In May 1994, the Population Council, in conjunction with the Pacific Institute for Women's Health and the International Women's Health Coalition, hosted a meeting for women's health advocates from around the world to discuss the development of microbicides. This process was the first step in building greater understanding and mutual respect among women's health advocates and Population Council staff and scientists with regard to the technology of microbicides. Participants hoped that the recommendations resulting from this initiative would have a positive influence not only on the development of microbicides, but on all reproductive health technologies. This report aims to reproduce …

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Reproductive Health Approach To Family Planning, Population Council Jan 1994

Reproductive Health Approach To Family Planning, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This report collects presentations from a panel held on Professional Development Day at the USAID Cooperating Agencies meeting in November 1994. The panel was designed to review key reproductive health elements that relate to family planning, including: reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections, including AIDS; the prevention and treatment of unsafe abortion; pregnancy, labor, and delivery care; and postpartum care. While there is increasing international consensus that family planning should be broadened to include reproductive health care, it is far from clear as to how this should be done, and which elements should be incorporated. This panel explored some of …

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Factors That Contribute To The Varying Performance Of Bspos And Bhws In The Delivery Of Family Planning Services In Iloilo City, Fely David, Fely Chin Jan 1994

Factors That Contribute To The Varying Performance Of Bspos And Bhws In The Delivery Of Family Planning Services In Iloilo City, Fely David, Fely Chin

Reproductive Health

In 1992, the Population Council established the Family Planning Operations Research and Training (FPORT) Program in the Philippines. It brought together program managers and regional researchers to identify problem areas that might benefit from operations research. From Western Visayas (Region VI), the City Population Office (CPO) of Iloilo City in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute of the Central Philippine University, identified a problem concerning the poor performance of volunteer family planning (FP) workers and undertook to study it. The study focused on the Barangay Service Point Officers (BSPOs) who assist in the delivery of FP services under the …

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Planning Services In Iloilo City: A Diagnostic Study Of The Implementation Of The Department Of Health Training Courses For Family Planning Providers In Region Ii And Cordillera Administrative Region, Steven Rood, Marcelo Raquepo, Mary Ann Ladia Jan 1994

Planning Services In Iloilo City: A Diagnostic Study Of The Implementation Of The Department Of Health Training Courses For Family Planning Providers In Region Ii And Cordillera Administrative Region, Steven Rood, Marcelo Raquepo, Mary Ann Ladia

Reproductive Health

This research project is one of several being undertaken in the Philippines under the Family Planning Operations Research and Training (FPORT) Program of the Department of Health (DOH) and the Population Council. The general aim of FPORT is to train researchers to provide information to family planning (FP) practitioners that will be of value in the operation of FP programs. It was decided that researchers in northern Luzon would focus on FP trainings undertaken by the Department of Health. Several meetings among researchers and health personnel were held to shape research questions that would be of use to the DOH …

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Factors Affecting The Family Planning Program Drop-Out Rate In Bukidnon, Philippines, Lita Sealza Jan 1994

Factors Affecting The Family Planning Program Drop-Out Rate In Bukidnon, Philippines, Lita Sealza

Reproductive Health

This study has involved interviews with a randomly selected sample of 389 family planning (FP) acceptors from 20 barangays in Bukidnon province, Philippines. Respondents were currently married women who had either continued to use family planning (FP) since their initial acceptance (current users) or who had stopped using FP altogether (dropouts). Findings from the present study are expected to shed light on several aspects of the dropout problem, namely: How extensive is this problem and how accurate are the DOH records in this regard? How do FP acceptors view their local FP clinic and the services offered? What reasons are …

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Family Planning Studies In The Philippines: A Review And Synthesis, Virginia Miralao Jan 1994

Family Planning Studies In The Philippines: A Review And Synthesis, Virginia Miralao

Reproductive Health

This report, which summarizes the major study findings on population and family planning (FP) trends in the Philippines, was prepared for the Research Unit of the Family Planning Services (FPS) of the Department of Health (DOH). It was used by the FPS in its National Consultative Planning Workshop in early 1994 to formulate plans for the Philippine Family Planning Program for 1994–1995. Workshop participants included DOH Regional Family Planning Coordinators, representatives of local government offices engaged in population and health activities, and local NGOs and women's groups. The report alerted participants to population and FP issues and trends that could …

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