Epidemiology Commons^™

Presence Of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli In Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents Utilized As Water Reuse For Irrigation, Asli Aslan, Zach A. Coles, Anunay Bhattacharya, Oghenekpaobor Oyibo

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Providing safe water through water reuse is becoming a global necessity. One concern with water reuse is the introduction of unregulated contaminants to the environment that cannot be easily removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The occurrence of ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli through the treatment stages of a WWTP (raw sewage, post-secondary, post-UV and post-chlorination) was investigated from January to May 2016. The highest concentrations of antibiotic resistant E. coli in the effluent were detected in April after rainfall. Ampicillin-resistant E. coli was the most common at the post UV and chlorination stages comprising 63% of …

A Mapping Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials In The Spinal Cord Injury Research Literature, Amanda Mcintyre, Brooke Benton, Shannon Janzen, Jerome Iruthayarajah, Joshua Weiner, Janice J. Eng, Robert Teasell, Spinal Cord Injury Research Evidence Team

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Study design

Mapping Review.

Objective

The objective of this study was to map out and characterize the quantity and quality of all published spinal cord injury (SCI) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with respect to number, sample size, and methodological quality between January 1970 and December 2016.

Setting

Not applicable.

Methods

A literature search of multiple research databases was conducted. Studies adhering to the following criteria were included: the research design was an RCT; written in English; participants were >18 years; and the sample was >50% SCI. Data were extracted pertaining to author(s), year of publication, country of origin, initial and …

A Qualitative Study Examining The Benefits And Challenges Of Incorporating Patient-Reported Outcome Substance Use And Mental Health Questionnaires Into Clinical Practice To Improve Outcomes On The Hiv Care Continuum., Anne K Monroe, Sarah M Jabour, Sebastian Peña, Jeanne C Keruly, Richard D Moore, Geetanjali Chander, Kristin A Riekert

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Inadequate identification and treatment of substance use (SU) and mental health (MH) disorders hinders retention in HIV care. The objective of this study was to elicit stakeholder input on integration of SU/MH screening using computer-assisted patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into clinical practice.

METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with HIV-positive patients who self-reported SU/MH symptoms on a computer-assisted PROs (n = 19) and HIV primary care providers (n = 11) recruited from an urban academic HIV clinic. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. We iteratively developed codes and organized key themes using editing style analysis.

RESULTS: Two themes emerged: (1) Honest Disclosure: …

Restructuring Data Reported From State Early Hearing Detection And Intervention (Ehdi) Programs: A Pilot Study, Suhana Alam, Tammy O'Hollearn, Jim Beavers, Alyssa K. Rex, Rebekah F. Cunningham, Winnie Chung, Xidong Deng, Thuyquynh N. Do

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

Objective: To assess the feasibility, benefits, and challenges surrounding individual-level versus aggregate data reporting by jurisdictional EHDI programs to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Methods: Using data reported to CDC by three jurisdictions in 2011, descriptive statistics were used to assess the feasibility of collecting and reporting individual-level data. Comparisons were made on what can be learned from individual-level data as opposed to CDC’s aggregate survey data.

Results: Individual-level data provided a detailed overview of the population served, services received, and variations across jurisdictions in data collection, reporting, and quality monitoring practices. Several challenges and areas needing …

Prevention Paradox: Medical Students Are Less Inclined To Prescribe Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Patients In Highest Need., Sarah K Calabrese, Valerie A Earnshaw, Kristen Underhill, Douglas S Krakower, Manya Magnus, Nathan B Hansen, Kenneth H Mayer, Joseph R Betancourt, Trace S Kershaw, John F Dovidio

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Despite healthcare providers' growing awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), prescription rates remain low. PrEP is an efficacious HIV prevention strategy recommended for use with condoms but still protective in their absence. Concern about the impact of PrEP on condom use and other risk behaviour is, nonetheless, among the barriers to prescription commonly reported. To understand the implications of this concern for PrEP access, we examined how medical students' willingness to prescribe PrEP varied by patients' condom use and partnering practices. We also assessed the perceived acceptability of various reasons for condom discontinuation with PrEP.

METHODS: An online survey was …

Improving Pregnancy Outcomes In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Robert L. Goldenberg, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

This paper reviews the very large discrepancies in pregnancy outcomes between high, low and middle-income countries and then presents the medical causes of maternal mortality, stillbirth and neonatal mortality in low-and middle-income countries. Next, we explore the medical interventions that were associated with the very rapid and very large declines in maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality rates in the last eight decades in high-income countries. The medical interventions likely to achieve similar declines in pregnancy-related mortality in low-income countries are considered. Finally, the quality of providers and the data to be collected necessary to achieve these reductions are discussed. It …

Spatial Distribution Of Partner-Seeking Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Geosocial Networking Apps: Epidemiologic Study, Angel B. Algarin, Patrick J. Ward, W. Jay Christian, Abby E. Rudolph, Ian W. Holloway, April M. Young

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Geosocial networking apps have made sexual partner-seeking easier for men who have sex with men, raising both challenges and opportunities for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infection prevention and research. Most studies on men who have sex with men geosocial networking app use have been conducted in large urban areas, despite research indicating similar patterns of online- and app-based sex-seeking among men who have sex with men in rural and midsize cities.

Objective: The goal of our research was to examine the spatial distribution of geosocial networking app usage and characterize areas with increasing numbers of partner-seeking men …

Factors Causing Contraceptive Acceptors Drop Out, Mufdlilah Mufdlilah, Kanthi Aryekti

Kesmas

Family planning program has a very strategic, comprehensive and fundamental meaning in creating a healthy and prosperous Indonesian human being. However, recently the incidence of drop out is quite high for several reasons. This study was conducted to determine the influential factors that cause acceptors to drop out. It is descriptive research. The populations in the study were contraceptive acceptors who dropped out for 3 consecutive months, and not being pregnant. The numbers of sample were 100 people. The data collection employed closed and open questionnaires; data presented in descriptive form. Influential factors of drop out contraceptive acceptors due to …

Determinants Of Tourism And Hiv/Aids Incidence In West Java, Cecep Heriana, Rossi Suparman, Sohel Rana, Dera Sukmanawati

Kesmas

Indonesia defined as tourist destination where the international and domestic tourists enjoy the tourist attractions. Prostitution existing in tourism place may increase the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The incidence and spread of AIDS in many areas in West Java is a problem for tourism industry. These issues become acute in locations where sexual attraction is used as a determinant of tourist portability. The aim of this study was to determine relation between tourism and the incidence of HIV/AIDS in West Java. Non-reactive research design was used to collect secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2016 from 26 districts/cities …

Implementation Of Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission Of Hiv Program In South Jakarta, Fase Badriah, Minsarnawati Tahangnacca, Raihana Alkaff, Takeru Abe, Laily Hanifah

Kesmas

Even though Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program has been running in Indonesia since 2006, the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women remains high in some districts in Indonesia. The PMTCT program aims to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to child. Thus it requires an examination of the PMTCT program implementation. The study was a qualitative study on PMTCT program implementation in South Jakarta, Indonesia, whereas the proportion of children with HIV positive in the area was quite high. The analysis used domain analysis by looking the implementation of PMTCT as a system consisting of …

Effect Of Personal Protective Equipment During Pesticide Application To Neurological Symptoms In Farmers In Purworejo District, Indonesia, Fajaria Nurcandra, Renti Mahkota, Siddharudha Shivalli

Kesmas

Agriculture is one of major sectors of Indonesia economic source with the high volume of pesticide used. Unfortunately, adverse health effect of neurotoxic pesticide has never been reported in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) during applied pesticides to neurological symptoms in farmers. This study was cross-sectionally conducted from April to May 2016 in Purworejo District. About 125 farmers were selected using purposive sampling, and restriction was applied in male farmers due to the high proportion of male sprayer. Data was collected by observation and interview. Logistic regression showed protective result of PPE used …

The Influence Of Exclusive Breastfeeding To Emotional Development Of Children Aged 48-60 Months, Yuni Kusmiyati, Sumarah Sumarah, Nurul Dwiawati, Hesty Widyasih, Yani Widyastuti, Khadizah Haji Abdul Mumin

Kesmas

Impaired emotional development is a problem faced by children and this can negatively impact on function, development and readiness of their school. Exclusive breastfeeding is able to meet brain development needs that affect child development. This study aimed to determine correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and emotional development of children aged 48-60 months. This study used historical cohort.The subjects of this study were 7-12-month old infants living in area of Borobudur Primary Health Care Primary Health Care, Central Java Province, Indonesia in 2011-2012. Independent variable of exclusive breastfeeding was when infants received only breast milk without any supplementary food or drink …

Larvicidal Effect Of Mixture Of Beauveria Bassiana Crude Metabolite And Chitinase Enzyme Against Aedes Aegypti Larvae, Dyah Widiastuti, Bina Ikawati, Upik Kesumawati Hadi

Kesmas

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of dengue, a deadly disease causing deaths of millions of people in developing countries, both in urban and rural populations. Aedes aegypti control with chemical insecticide is widely used, and affects on a widespread insecticide resistance. Mosquito biological control was needed to replace the use of chemical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal effect of mixture of Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase enzyme against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted in March-April 2016 at Banjarnegara Research and Development Unit for Zoonosis Control. Biolarvacide formula was made …

Perceived Stigma In People Affected By Leprosy In Leprosy Village Of Sinatala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia, Erni Astutik, Dwi Gayatri

Kesmas

Leprosy is a disease of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) which becomes a global problem and causes the perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy. This study aimed to determine most dominant factors affecting perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The data used was secondary data taken from cross-sectional survey of a thesis which determined factors related to perceived stigma of leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang, Indonesia. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that factors related to perceived stigma were level of …

Food Hygiene And Sanitation In Six Food Providers At University X, South Sumatra, Yul Isnadi, Tan Malaka, Hatta Dahlan, Novrikasari Novrikasari

Kesmas

Food provider at university is one of places that needs to implement standards of food hygiene and sanitation (FHS). This study aimed to evaluate and analyze practices of FHS based on Regulation of Health Minister No. 1098 of 2003 and best practices in six food providers at University X. This study used mixed method evaluation with sequential explanatory design through two stages. Stage I was in forms of assessment on six food providers, food handlers and laboratory examination on food and beverage samples as well as on eating utensils. Stage II was in form of focus group discussion (FGD) to …

The Role Of Outcome Preferences In Optimizing Heterogenous Disease Control Strategies., Evan Milliken

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Spatial Epidemiology Of Summer Trauma In Scott County, Ia: Use Of Gis To Identify Trauma Incidence In Urban And Rural Areas, Matthew Koch

Celebration of Learning

Traumatic injury is a blanket term referring to acute physical injuries which pose an immediate threat to life and limb, requiring urgent medical care. Unintentional injuries are the fifth-leading cause of death, and fatal injuries cost the American economy over $84 billion annually in lost work and medical costs. Scott County, IA, is a unique environment for trauma research because it served by a single trauma center and features within its 458 square miles distinct urban and rural populations. Patient data from the trauma registry, including age, race, and mechanism of injury (MOI) was combined with the corresponding spatial data …

The Association Of The Cumulative/Lifetime Duration Of Breast Feeding And The Development Of Post Menopausal Breast Cancer. Results From Adventist Health Study - 2., Sozina Katuli, Synove Knutsen Dr, Raymond Knutsen Dr., Ronald Mataya Dr., Oda Keiji, Gary Frasier Dr.

Adventist Human-Subject Researchers Association

We modeled breast cancer in a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and found 25% lower risk for those who initiated breastfeeding than those who never breastfed. There was a threshold effect for duration of breastfeeding and increased risk for family history of breast cancer, recent HRT use, and higher education.

Prostate Cancer Survival Among Hispanics: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results (Seer) Population-Based Cohort Study, David Rivas

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Hispanics are now the youngest, largest, and fastest growing minority group in the U.S. Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among Hispanics. For the first time, we examined PC-specific survival among distinct Hispanic groups that include Mexicans, Cubans, Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, as well as Central and South Americans. We compared these groups to the main reference population in the U.S., non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), after adjustment for prognostic factor risk categories (prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, and tumor stage), as well as sociodemographic covariates (e.g., health insurance, …

Graduating Into Lower Risk: Chlamydia And Trichomonas Prevalance Among Community College Students And Graduates, Janet E. Rosenbaum

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Community colleges enable youth from economically disadvantaged and minority populations to access college and may enable social mobility including improved health outcomes. However, educational health disparities studies rarely assess the health outcomes for community college graduates.

Methods: Chlamydia and trichomonas prevalence were assessed with nucleic acid based tests in a nationally representative sample of 6233 high school graduates (ages 18–25) from five educational levels: young adults without post-secondary credentials who were not enrolled in college, community college students, 4-year college students, associate’s degree, and bachelor’s degree. To reduce confounding between educational attainment and STI status, we used full matching …

Women’S Lives In Times Of Zika: Mosquito-Controlled Lives?, Ana Rosa Linde, C. Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities. Its consequences to pregnancies has made governments, national and international agencies issue advices and recommendations to women. There is a clear need to investigate how the Zika outbreak affects the decisions that women take concerning their lives and the life of their families, as well as how women are psychologically and emotionally dealing with the outbreak. We conducted a qualitative study to address the impact of the Zika epidemic on the family life of women living in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the US, who were affected by it …

Evolution Of Bordetella Pertussis Genome May Play A Role In The Increased Rate Of Whooping Cough Cases In The United States, Kevin Loftus

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Bordetella pertussis is the bacterium responsible for pertussis, a disease commonly referred to as whooping cough. Recently, pertussis has made a resurgence in the U.S. despite high-vaccination coverage. Possible causes of the increased number of pertussis cases include genetic evolution of B. pertussis, increased awareness of the disease, better laboratory diagnostics, and the switch from a whole-cellular (wP) vaccine to an acellular vaccine (aP) in the 1990s. Fortunately, just as B. pertussis is evolving, so is the arsenal of technologies used to understand and combat this pathogenic bacterium. Whole genome sequencing is one technology that helps researchers better understand …

The Survival And Treatment Refusal Of Lung Cancer Patients: Analyses Of National Cancer Registries, Poppy Deviany

Theses & Dissertations

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality of both genders in the United States. A recent report suggests that the relative five-year survival rate of lung cancer is only 18%. Studies indicate many factors are associated with the survival of lung cancer patients, including age at diagnosis. It is widely known as a disease of older people, but the literature shows a substantial number of young people have been diagnosed with lung cancer. The literature also indicates that the refusal of recommended treatment contributes to cancer-related death and poorer survival. The …

The Effect Of Treatment Delay, Non-Adherence To Treatment Guidelines, And Never-Smoking Status On The Survival Of Lung Cancer Patients, Trisari Anggondowati

Theses & Dissertations

Despite many significant medical advances, lung cancer continues to cause more deaths than any of the other cancers in the United States (US), and worldwide. Timeliness of care and evidence-based guidelines are among the components of quality of care that are expected to improve patient outcomes. However, evidence on the effect of timeliness of care and adoption of evidence-based guidelines on patient survival remains lacking. In addition, there has been increasing concern on the fact that smokers are not the only group that suffers from lung cancer. Never-smokers comprise at least 10% of lung cancer patients in the US, or …

The Impact Of Rural-Urban Residency On Colorectal Cancer Screening, Stage At Diagnosis And Treatment In The Privately Insured Population, Mesnad Alyabsi

Theses & Dissertations

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common and leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Although CRC screening can prevent and detect CRC at an early stage, about 35% of Americans are not screened. Despite the recent increase in screening, people with lower SES and those who live in rural areas have lowest screening. In rural areas, a common obstacle for screening is the long trips for health services which is associated with advanced CRC.

Moreover, surgery is a substantial part of CRC treatment since stages I-III and some metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients are treated with surgery. …

Data On The Risk Perceptions Of Beach Water Safety In Coastal Georgia, Jeffery A. Jones, Asli Aslan, Rakhi Trivedi, Maria I. Olivas, Mikayla Hoffmann

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

These data reflect the perceptions of beach water quality drawn from a convenience sample of 238 visitors to Georgia (USA) beaches collected in June–July 2017 and are related to the research article entitled “Water quality and the perception of risk: a study of Georgia, USA, beachgoers” (Jones et al., 2018) [1]. Data were collected both via an online survey distributed through Facebook and through in-person questionnaires collected directly on the beaches.

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Activities and Mortality in Cancer Survivors

Oxidative Stress And Cardiovascular Risk In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From The Dcct/Edic Study, W. Wilson Tang, P. Mcgee, John M. Lachin, D. Li, B. Hoogwerf, S. Hazen, +Several Additional Authors

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background--Hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress is implicated in the increased risk for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results--A random subcohort of 349 participants was selected from the DCCT/EDIC (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) cohort. This included 320 controls and 29 cardiovascular disease cases that were augmented with 98 additional known cases to yield a case cohort of 447 participants (320 controls, 127 cases). Biosamples from DCCT baseline, year 1, and closeout of DCCT, and 1 to 2 years post-DCCT (EDIC years 1 and …

Global Stability For A 2n + 1 Dimensional Hiv/Aids Epidemic Model With Treatments, Olusegun Michael Otunuga

Mathematics Faculty Research

In this work, we derive and analyze a 2n + 1-dimensional deterministic differential equation modeling the transmission and treatment of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) disease. The model is extended to a stochastic differential equation by introducing noise in the transmission rate of the disease. A theoretical treatment strategy of regular HIV testing and immediate treatment with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is investigated in the presence and absence of noise. By defining R0, n, Rt, n and Rt,n as the deterministic basic reproduction number in the absence of ART treatments, deterministic basic reproduction number in the presence of …

Identification Of Tissue And Circulating Biomarkers For Premalignant And Malignant Lesions, Shu-Hong Lin

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Recent advancement in technologies including next-generation sequencing and production-scale throughput qPCR have revolutionized the identification of biomarkers in the epidemiology field. In response to the vast amount of data generated from high-throughput technologies, novel inventions in the computer sciences fields have been applied to analyze these data. The current study demonstrates the application of such technologies in a variety of scenarios.

I first described how targeted and whole-exome sequencing were used to identify somatic mutations which marked the differences between colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. A statistical test based on the unique clustering pattern of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes was …