Epidemiology Commons^™

Safety, Tolerability, And Pharmacokinetics Of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir In Low-Risk Hiv-Uninfected Individuals: Hptn 077, A Phase 2a Randomized Controlled Trial., Raphael J Landovitz, Sue Li, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Halima Dawood, Albert Y Liu, Manya Magnus, Mina C Hosseinipour, Ravindre Panchia, Leslie Cottle, Gordon Chau, Paul Richardson, Mark A Marzinke, Craig W Hendrix, Susan H Eshleman, Yinfeng Zhang, Elizabeth Tolley, Jeremy Sugarman, Ryan Kofron, Adeola Adeyeye, David Burns, Alex R Rinehart, David Margolis, William R Spreen, Myron S Cohen, Marybeth Mccauley, Joseph J Eron

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Cabotegravir (CAB) is a novel strand-transfer integrase inhibitor being developed for HIV treatment and prevention. CAB is formulated both as an immediate-release oral tablet for daily administration and as a long-acting injectable suspension (long-acting CAB [CAB LA]) for intramuscular (IM) administration, which delivers prolonged plasma exposure to the drug after IM injection. HIV Prevention Trials Network study 077 (HPTN 077) evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of CAB LA in HIV-uninfected males and females at 8 sites in Brazil, Malawi, South Africa, and the United States.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: HPTN 077 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial. Healthy …

Family Physician Remuneration Schemes And Specialist Referrals: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Ontario, Canada., Sisira Sarma, Nirav Mehta, Rose Anne Devlin, Koffi Ahoto Kpelitse, Lihua Li

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Understanding how family physicians respond to incentives from remuneration schemes is a central theme in the literature. One understudied aspect is referrals to specialists. Although the theoretical literature has suggested that capitation increases referrals to specialists, the empirical evidence is mixed. We push forward the empirical research on this question by studying family physicians who switched from blended fee-for-service to blended capitation in Ontario, Canada. Using several health administrative databases from 2005 to 2013, we rely on inverse probability weighting with fixed-effects regression models to account for observed and unobserved differences between the switchers and nonswitchers. Switching from blended fee-for-service …

In-Hospital Mortality And Post-Surgical Complications Among Cancer Patients With Metabolic Syndrome, Tomi Akinyemiju, Swati Sakhuja, Neomi Vin-Raviv

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important etiologic and prognostic factor for cancer, but few studies have assessed hospitalization outcomes among patients with both conditions.

Methods

Data was obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Study variables were assessed using ICD-9 codes on adults aged 40 years and over admitted to a US hospital between 2007 and 2011 with primary diagnosis of either breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. We examined in-hospital mortality, post-surgical complications, and discharge disposition among cancer patients with MetS and compared with non-MetS patients.

Results

Hospitalized breast (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20–0.46), …

Demographic, Presentation, And Treatment Factors And Racial Disparities In Ovarian Cancer Hospitalization Outcomes, Tomi F. Akinyemiju, Gurudatta Naik, Kemi Ogunsina, Daniel T. Dibaba, Neomi Vin-Raviv

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: This study examines whether racial disparities in hospitalization outcomes persist between African-American and White women with ovarian cancer after matching on demographic, presentation, and treatment factors.

METHODS: Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 5,164 African-American ovarian cancer patients were sequentially matched with White patients on demographic (e.g., age, income), presentation (e.g., stage, comorbidities), and treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation) factors. Racial differences in-hospital length of stay, post-operative complications, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models.

RESULTS: White ovarian cancer patients had relatively higher odds of post-operative complications when matched on demographics (OR 1.35, 95% CI …

Genome-Wide Interactions With Dairy Intake For Body Mass Index In Adults Of European Descent, Caren E. Smith, Jack L. Follis, Hassan S. Dashti, Toshiko Tanaka, Mariaelisa Graff, Amanda M. Fretts, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Mary K. Wojczynski, Kris Richardson, Mike A. Nalls, Christina-Alexandra Schulz, Yongmei Liu, Alexis C. Frazier-Wood, Esther Van Eekelen, Carol Wang, Paul S. De Vries, Vera Mikkilä, Rebecca Rohde, Bruce M. Psaty, Torben Hansen, Mary F. Feitosa, Chao-Qiang Lai, Denise K. Houston, Luigi Ferruci, Ulrika Ericson, Zhe Wang, Renée De Mutsert, Wendy H. Oddy, Ester A. L. De Jonge, Ilkka Seppälä, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Scope: Body weight responds variably to the intake of dairy foods. Genetic variation may contribute to inter‐individual variability in associations between body weight and dairy consumption.

Methods and results: A genome‐wide interaction study to discover genetic variants that account for variation in BMI in the context of low‐fat, high‐fat and total dairy intake in cross‐sectional analysis was conducted. Data from nine discovery studies (up to 25 513 European descent individuals) were meta‐analyzed. Twenty‐six genetic variants reached the selected significance threshold (p‐interaction <10⁻⁷⁾, and six independent variants (LINC01512‐rs7751666, PALM2/AKAP2‐rs914359, ACTA2‐rs1388, PPP1R12A‐rs7961195, LINC00333‐rs9635058, …

Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer In Postmenopausal Women., G. C. Kabat, M. Y. Kim, M. Stefanick, G. Y. F. Ho, D. S. Lane, A. O. Odegaard, M. S. Simon, J. W. Bea, J. Luo, T. E. Wassertheil-Smoller

Journal Articles

Obesity has been postulated to increase the risk of colorectal cancer by mechanisms involving insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. We examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, the metabolic syndrome, metabolic obesity phenotypes and homeostasis model-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-a marker of insulin resistance) with risk of colorectal cancer in over 21,000 women in the Women's Health Initiative CVD Biomarkers subcohort. Women were cross-classified by BMI (18.5-

Adherence And Perceived Barriers To Oral Antiviral Therapy For Chronic Hepatitis B, Kerui Xu, Li-Ming Liu, Evi A. Farazi, Hongmei Wang, Fedja A. Rochling, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Jian-Jun Zhang

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Globally, of the 248 million people chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), 74 million reside in China. Five oral nucleot(s)ide analogs (NUCs) have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine rates of adherence to NUC therapy in patients with CHB, to identify the self-perceived barriers to adherence, and to examine the factors associated with adherence.

METHODS: Questionnaire-based interviews were administered among Chinese patients with CHB at hepatology clinics of a tertiary hospital in the city of Wuhan, China. Adults aged 18 years or …

Socioeconomic Status And Cigarette Expenditure Among Us Households: Results From 2010 To 2015 Consumer Expenditure Survey, Mohammad Siahpush, Evi A. Farazi, Shannon I. Maloney, Danae Dinkel, Minh N. Nguyen, Gopal K. Singh

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

OBJECTIVES: To examine (1) the association between household socioeconomic status (SES) and whether a household spends money on cigarettes and (2) socioeconomic variations in proportion of total household expenditure spent on cigarettes among smoking households.

METHODS: We pooled data from six consecutive years, 2010-2015, of the Consumer Expenditure Interview Survey. The interviews involved a structured questionnaire about household income, demographics and expenditures including expenditure on cigarettes. Households that reported cigarette expenditure in the previous 3 months were distinguished as smoking households. SES indicators were household poverty status, education and occupation of the head of household. Logistic regression was used to …

Common Diagnoses Among Refugee Populations: Linked Results With Statewide Hospital Discharge Database, Kerui Xu, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Ming Qu, Brandon Grimm, Jungyoon Kim

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: According to the U.S. State Department's Refugee Processing Center and the U.S. Census Bureau, in the fiscal year 2016, among all states in the United States, Nebraska resettled the highest number of refugees per capita.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the most common reasons for refugees utilizing hospital services in Nebraska between January 2011 and September 2015, and to examine whether refugee patients had increased risks for adverse health conditions compared to non-refugee patients.

METHODS: Statewide linkage was performed between Nebraska Medicaid Program's immigration data, and 2011-2015 Nebraska hospital discharge data inpatient and outpatient files. …

Clinical Features Of Guillain-Barré Syndrome With Vs Without Zika Virus Infection, Puerto Rico, 2016, Emilio Dirlikov, Chelsea G. Major, Nicole A. Medina, Roberta Lugo-Robles, Desiree Matos, Jorge L. Muñoz-Jordan, Candimar Colon-Sanchez, Myriam Garcia, Marangely Olivero-Segarra, Graciela Malave, Gloria M. Rodríguez-Vega, Dana L. Thomas, Stephen H. Waterman, James J. Sejvar, Carlos A. Luciano, Tyler M. Sharp, Brenda Rivera-García

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Importance: The pathophysiologic mechanisms of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may be indicated by differences in clinical features.

Objective: To identify specific clinical features of GBS associated with ZIKV infection.

Design, Setting, and Participants: During the ZIKV epidemic in Puerto Rico, prospective and retrospective strategies were used to identify patients with GBS who had neurologic illness onset in 2016 and were hospitalized at all 57 nonspecialized hospitals and 2 rehabilitation centers in Puerto Rico. Guillain-Barré syndrome diagnosis was confirmed via medical record review using the Brighton Collaboration criteria. Specimens (serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva) from …