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Articles 121 - 150 of 151
Full-Text Articles in Epidemiology
Does Intimate Partner Violence Affect The Acceptability Of Expedited Partner Therapy?, Suzanne Elizabeth Beck
Does Intimate Partner Violence Affect The Acceptability Of Expedited Partner Therapy?, Suzanne Elizabeth Beck
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Studies have identified associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI). An estimated 6% of women in the United States have experienced physical and/or sexual assault inflicted by an intimate partner in the previous year. Of those with an STI, chlamydia is disproportionately reported for women. In 2009, New York State legalized Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) for chlamydial infections; however clinicians are lacking guidance with respect to appropriate use of EPT when IPV is a concern.
30-Day Readmission And Emergency Department Visits : Experience Of Diabetes And Abdominal Surgery Patients, Andrea Jane Mathis
30-Day Readmission And Emergency Department Visits : Experience Of Diabetes And Abdominal Surgery Patients, Andrea Jane Mathis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nearly one-fifth of Medicare beneficiaries are readmitted within 30 days of a hospital stay. Readmissions contribute to the rising health care costs and they serve as a proxy for overall inpatient quality of care. Policy makers and payers interested in the efficacy of strategies to improve care coordination have scrutinized readmission rates for some time, yet this analysis attends to several remaining gaps in the literature. First, the rising prevalence of diabetes may be an underappreciated driver for readmissions. Second, many abdominal surgery patients require post-operative care, yet the point of care delivery and level of care needed has not …
Effect Of Data Aggregation At Two Geographic Levels On The Association Between Absms And Gonorrhea Rates In Nys, 1999-2001, Christina Michelle Gray
Effect Of Data Aggregation At Two Geographic Levels On The Association Between Absms And Gonorrhea Rates In Nys, 1999-2001, Christina Michelle Gray
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study compared the association between residential area factors and gonorrhea, aggregated at both the census tract versus ZIP code levels. Prior research has found that census block groupings are most optimal in neighborhood-level studies, followed by census tracts and ZIP codes. Because several healthcare databases currently only provide ZIP code level data, the aim of this study was to examine whether there exists a meaningful difference between the interpretation of census tract and ZIP code aggregate data. Our study measured the association between socioeconomic factors and gonorrhea in New York State, exclusive of New York City (NYC), census tracts …
Augmenting Program Data With Secondary Data Sources To Improve The Quality Of Existing Statistics : Four Examples From The New York State Department Of Health Hospital-Acquired Infection Reporting Program, Valerie Benson Haley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the novel application of methods that can be used to improve the accuracy of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates. Public reporting of HAI rates is relatively new. New York was one of the first states to mandate reporting in acute care hospitals (2007), followed by national pay-for-reporting in 2011, and national value-based purchasing in 2013. Given the financial ramifications of public reporting, it is critical that the data are validated and adjusted for differences in underlying risk among patient populations so that hospital performance can be fairly compared. However, limited information on the …
The Effects Of The Built Environment On Physical Activity In Rural Upstate New York, Kimberly Moore
The Effects Of The Built Environment On Physical Activity In Rural Upstate New York, Kimberly Moore
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Physical activity across the lifespan is associated with numerous health benefits. That the built environment can influence physical activity is a widely accepted hypothesis which has been examined extensively in urban/suburban and across urban-rural environments. Numerous census variables, such as housing density, percent renter, and others related to urbanity, are related to physical activity and built environment measures. However, the rural built environment's influence on adult physical activity is relatively unexplored.
Prognostic Implications Of Oral Health Status In Hiv-Positive Women In St. Petersburg, Russia, Anna Vinogradova
Prognostic Implications Of Oral Health Status In Hiv-Positive Women In St. Petersburg, Russia, Anna Vinogradova
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To assess state of oral health in HIV-positive women in St. Petersburg, Russia and to study the association of oral health with pregnancy status and other factors in this sample.
The Relationship Between Hiv/Aids Knowledge And Condom Use Among Reproductive Age Women In Georgia, Lia Gvinjilia
The Relationship Between Hiv/Aids Knowledge And Condom Use Among Reproductive Age Women In Georgia, Lia Gvinjilia
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To assess changes in HIV/AIDS knowledge over a decade with substantial educational efforts and reported condom use.
The Burden Of Hepatitis C Virus In New York State, Rachel Hart Malloy
The Burden Of Hepatitis C Virus In New York State, Rachel Hart Malloy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to be the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States (US). Annual incidence of HCV in the US peaked in the late 1980's, declined steadily through the 1990's and has plateaued since 2003 with approximately 18,000 new cases in 2008. The morbidity and mortality associated with HCV is expected to rise until at least 2015. Due to the high rate of asymptomatic cases, inherent limitations with target screening recommendations, limitations with screening technologies and scarce resources for surveillance nationwide, quantification of the burden is difficult. US estimates of disease burden have …
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction: Association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been demonstrated by many epidemiological studies in developed countries, however few studies have been performed in developing countries of Asia.
Influenza In The 21st Century : Assessment Of The 2009 H1n1 Pandemic Severity, Enhanced Surveillance Methods, And Pediatric Influenza-Associated Deaths, Dina M. Hoefer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Influenza is among the most important of the endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases infecting humans. In June 2009, the World Health Organization raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6 in response to the ongoing global spread of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1).1 The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic presented a unique opportunity and provided resources to monitor and study influenza in a way that would and could not be supported during a `typical' influenza season. Research objectives included: 1) characterizing the severity of illness among hospitalized patients infected with pH1N1; 2) assessing the utility of hospital discharge …
Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf
Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Few studies have analyzed the effect of lifecourse socioeconomic position (LSEP) on racial disparities in body mass index (BMI) trajectories and Diabetes. Four waves of the Americans' Changing Lives study (1986-2002) were used to compute BMI trajectories and diabetes prevalence for 3497 Black and White participants. Multivariate associations of LSEP variables (father's education, perceived childhood SEP, education, income, wealth and financial stress) with baseline BMI and BMI change were assessed using mixed models. We also evaluated whether disparate LSEP predictors are influential in Blacks as compared to Whites. Finally we evaluated the presence of latent, pathway and cumulative models of …
Evaluating The Impact Of Prior Hospital Mortality Versus Surgical Volume On Length Of Stay Following Pediatric Congenital Cardiac Surgery In New York State, Ming Liu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To examine the relationship of prior hospital surgical volume and risk-adjusted mortality rate with future length of stay for children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery in New York State.
The Association Of Summer Temperatures With Hospital Admissions For Renal Diseases In New York State : A Case-Crossover Study, Barbara A. Fletcher
The Association Of Summer Temperatures With Hospital Admissions For Renal Diseases In New York State : A Case-Crossover Study, Barbara A. Fletcher
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study assessed the association between high temperatures and increased odds of hospitalization for renal diseases which, to date, has been examined in only a small number of studies. A case-crossover design was used to study 147,885 hospital admissions with renal diagnoses during July and August, 1991-2004 in New York State. Regional temperature, humidity and barometric pressure data from automated monitors were used as exposure indicators. Using time-stratified referent selection and conditional logistic regression analysis, an overall 9% increase in odds of hospitalization for acute renal failure per 5°F (2.78°C) was found for mean temperature at a one day lag …
Detection And Epidemiological Patterns Of Drug Resistance Mutations In Nys Plasmodium Falciparum Clinical Malaria Specimens, Jennifer L. Conaway
Detection And Epidemiological Patterns Of Drug Resistance Mutations In Nys Plasmodium Falciparum Clinical Malaria Specimens, Jennifer L. Conaway
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Plasmodium falciparum is a human-infective parasite that causes the most severe form of malaria. Resistance to a wide spectrum of antimalarials has been documented in this species, and single strains may be resistant to several drugs. A new technology, pyrosequencing, has been shown to be useful for the rapid detection of SNPs involved in drug resistance. It can be used in a clinical setting and readily detects new mutants, which frequently appear in this species due to strong selection for antimalarial resistance. In this study, a pyrosequencing protocol was developed to identify mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum genes Pfcrt, Pfdhps, …
Occupational Exposure And Risk Of Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu
Occupational Exposure And Risk Of Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) comprise more than one third of all cancers, and are increasing worldwide. The most common NMSC are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Studies on humans and animals suggest that sunlight and arsenic play important roles in the pathogenesis of these skin malignancies. However, the number of epidemiological studies focusing on NMSC in workers exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation or airborne arsenic is limited, and the findings are contradictory.
Association Between Chemical Constituents Of Particulate Matter And Cardiovascular And Respiratory Morbidities In Nys, Rena Jones
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Improved understanding of health risks from short- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents may explain seasonal and geographic heterogeneity in PM2.5-health associations and inform control efforts targeting PM sources. Few studies have examined PM species health effects; most have been limited by their exposure assessments and modeling approaches. The goals of this project were to improve the PM exposure assessment and explore relationships between PM2.5 species and health in acute and chronic contexts.
Risk Factors Associated With Not Well Controlled And Very Poorly Controlled Asthma In U.S. Northeast Region, Brfss Asthma Callback Survey, 2006-2008, Can Yang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Geographic And Community Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy In New York State, Elizabeth Villamil
Geographic And Community Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy In New York State, Elizabeth Villamil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background
Ecological Literacy, Nutrition Knowledge, And Dietary Practices Among Students At University At Albany, Elaine Hills
Ecological Literacy, Nutrition Knowledge, And Dietary Practices Among Students At University At Albany, Elaine Hills
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
University students (N=1,924) at a large public university were surveyed to measure their nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and ecological literacy. A quantitative measure of ecological literacy was developed for this purpose, reflecting familiarity with nature, awareness of one's personal impact on local and global ecologies, and personal lifestyle choices that demonstrate civic responsibility for the natural environment. The association between nutrition knowledge and dietary practices was compared to the association between ecological literacy and dietary practices. The results showed that: (1) many students were not familiar with public health eating recommendations and did not eat recommended amounts of foods, particularly …
Health Behind And Beyond Bars : Understanding The Link Between Incarceration And Health, Lauren C. Porter
Health Behind And Beyond Bars : Understanding The Link Between Incarceration And Health, Lauren C. Porter
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The primary aim of this dissertation is to better understand the link between incarceration and health. Drawing on a sample of young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the effect of incarceration on self-rated health, serious injury, STD infection, cold/flu symptoms, and blood pressure is assessed. The effect of incarceration on health behavior is also examined, including diet, smoking, binge drinking, and physical activity. In order to rule out selection bias, current and former inmates are compared to respondents who have been arrested (or arrested and convicted of a crime), but not incarcerated. Findings suggest …
Seafood Consumption And Use Of Asian Herbal Preparation As A Source Of Exposure To Multiple Trace Elements In The Study Of Metals And Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Smart), Dongsul Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
As, Cd, Cs, Hg, Pb, and Zn may be associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Seafood and Asian herbal preparations are identified as sources of exposure to these essential and non-essential trace elements in humans. The goal of the study is to assess associations between seafood consumption and the use of Asian herbal preparations and levels of essential and non-essential trace elements in biologic specimens collected from couples undergoing IVF. Fifty-nine couples completing a first IVF cycle at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Center for Reproductive Health were recruited to participate in the Study of Metals and …
Migrant Workers In Kazakhstan : Gender Differences In Hiv Knowledge And Sexual Risk Behaviors, Baurzhan Zhussupov
Migrant Workers In Kazakhstan : Gender Differences In Hiv Knowledge And Sexual Risk Behaviors, Baurzhan Zhussupov
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background:
The Contribution Of Genotype Cluster Investigations To Understanding Tuberculosis Transmission In New York City With A Focus On The Foreign-Born Population, 2001-2009, Michelle Merced Macaraig
The Contribution Of Genotype Cluster Investigations To Understanding Tuberculosis Transmission In New York City With A Focus On The Foreign-Born Population, 2001-2009, Michelle Merced Macaraig
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background
Attitudes Toward Vaccination In The Event Of An Influenza Pandemic And The Characteristics Of Those Likely To Decline Vaccination, Michelle Lynn Cummings
Attitudes Toward Vaccination In The Event Of An Influenza Pandemic And The Characteristics Of Those Likely To Decline Vaccination, Michelle Lynn Cummings
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
BACKGROUND: In addition to conscientious hygiene and limiting exposure, vaccination is an important public health intervention to limit influenza infection among high risk groups. However, limited research has been conducted among the general population to measure vaccine acceptance against a pandemic strain of influenza, and which specific concerns might hinder acceptance. Because this study was conducted prior to the H1N1 pandemic of 2009, it serves as a baseline measure of the population's perspectives on influenza vaccination. Subsequent studies will shed light on the degree to which a pandemic heightens acceptance.
Epidemiology Of Blood-Borne Infections Among Georgian Health Care Workers, Maia Butsashvili
Epidemiology Of Blood-Borne Infections Among Georgian Health Care Workers, Maia Butsashvili
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
INTRO: The prevalence of hepatitis in central Asia is considered high (>8% endemnicity) by the World Health Organization. Universal precautions among healthcare workers (HCWs) and newborn vaccination programs are important public health interventions to reduce the spread of hepatitis and other blood borne pathogens. This comprehensive evaluation of the risk of blood borne pathogen exposure among HCWs in the Republic of Georgia measures the following: 1) nosocomial risk events; 2) prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among Georgian HCWs; 3) predictive factors for HCWs recommending HBV vaccination for children; 4) prevalence of and willingness to report behavioral risk factors …
An Evaluation Of Multiple Primary Breast And Lung Cancers, Colleen G. Sherman
An Evaluation Of Multiple Primary Breast And Lung Cancers, Colleen G. Sherman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the recent changes in multiple primary rules for breast and lung cancers and determine their effects on population incidence rates, illustrate specific patterns in multiple primary cancers for breast and lung cancers in New York and compare these patterns to SEER data, and to identify risks for developing multiple primary breast and lung cancers based on data in the New York State Cancer Registry (NYSCR).
Maternal Caffeine Consumption And Risk Of Congenital Limb Deficiency Malformations, Lei Chen
Maternal Caffeine Consumption And Risk Of Congenital Limb Deficiency Malformations, Lei Chen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Safety Assessment For Tipranavir : A Protease Inhibitor Treatment For Hiv Infected Adults, Jaromir Mikl
Safety Assessment For Tipranavir : A Protease Inhibitor Treatment For Hiv Infected Adults, Jaromir Mikl
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Dose-limiting adverse events associated with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) generally include gastro-intestinal (GI) issues such as vomiting and nausea. However, serious adverse events (SAEs) do occur, the most frequent of which include liver toxicities and renal impairment as well as recent evidence of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) risk.
Respondent Driven Sampling : Feasibility, Validation And Its Potential Use For Estimating Health Indicators For Large General Populations, Robin Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
BACKGROUND: Researchers use many methods to collect population-based health indicator data. Random digit dial (RDD) is one frequently used method; however decreasing sample coverage and non-response bias have researchers searching for alternative methods. We hypothesize that respondent driven sampling (RDS) is a cost effective alternative. In accordance with this hypothesis we propose three objectives: 1) assess the mechanics, feasibility, and representativeness of RDS in producing valid estimates of health indicator data; 2) evaluate the feasibility in using RDS in comparison to RDD to collect health indicator data from a general population; and 3) report on data collected using RDS, specifically …
The Utility Of The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System In Testing Quality Of Life Theory : An Evaluation Using Structural Equation Modeling, Evelyn Marie Kintner
The Utility Of The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System In Testing Quality Of Life Theory : An Evaluation Using Structural Equation Modeling, Evelyn Marie Kintner
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study is a secondary data analysis that uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the utility of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)--the Centers for Disease Control's premier surveillance tool for monitoring behavioral risk factors--in predicting health related quality of life (HRQoL). Employing the statistical package SPSS/AMOS (version 7), the study utilizes New York State data extracted from the 2007 BRFSS national dataset to assess how well the observed pattern of variances and covariances of the state level data fit with a well-known HRQoL model developed by Wilson and Cleary (1995). Interaction effects are examined, utilizing a multigroup …