Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

The Sensitivity Of Auditory-Motor Representations To Subtle Changes In Auditory Feedback While Singing, Dwayne Nicholas Keough, Jeffery A. Jones

Psychology Faculty Publications

Singing requires accurate control of the fundamental frequency (F₀) of the voice. This study examined trained singers’ and untrained singers’ (nonsingers’) sensitivity to subtle manipulations in auditory feedback and the subsequent effect on the mapping between F₀ feedback and vocal control. Participants produced the consonant-vowel /ta/ while receiving auditory feedback that was shifted up and down in frequency. Results showed that singers and nonsingers compensated to a similar degree when presented with frequency-altered feedback (FAF); however, singers’ F₀ values were consistently closer to the intended pitch target. Moreover, singers initiated their compensatory responses when auditory feedback …

Does Type Of Memory Practice Matter When Interviewing Children About A Single Or Repeated Event?, Sonja Brubacher, Kim Roberts, Martine Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

School-Based Screening To Identify At-Risk Students Not Already Known To School Professionals: The Columbia Suicide Screen, Michelle A. Scott, Holly C. Wilcox, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Mark Davies, Roger C. Hicks, J. Blake Turner, David Shaffer

Publications and Research

Objectives.Wesought todeterminethedegreeofoverlapbetweenstudents identified through school-based suicide screening and those thought to be at risk by school administrative and clinical professionals. Methods. Students from7 high schools in theNewYorkmetropolitan area completed the Columbia Suicide Screen; 489 of the 1729 students screened had positive results. The clinical status of 641 students (73% of those who had screened positive and 23%of thosewho had screened negative) was assessedwithmodules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. School professionals nominated by their principal and unaware of students’ screening and diagnostic status were asked to indicate whether they were concerned about the emotional well-being of each participating student. …

Repeated Antipsychotic Treatment Progressively Potentiates Inhibition On Phencyclidine-Induced Hyperlocomotion, But Attenuates Inhibition On Amphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion: Relevance To Animal Models Of Antipsychotic Drugs, Tao Sun, Gang Hu, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Clinical obervations indicate that antipsychotic action starts early and increases in magnitude with repeated treatment. Animal models that faithfully capture this time course of action are few. Inhibition of hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine or phencyclidine has been widely used as a screening tool for the antipsychotic activity of a drug. We thus investigated whether repeated antipsychotic treatment could produce an early-onset and progressively increased antagonistic effect on amphetamine or phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion as a way of assessing the validity of such models in capturing time course of antipsychotic action. One each of the five consecutive test days, different groups of rats …

Judgments Of Omitted Be And Do In Questions As Extended Finiteness Clinical Markers Of Sli To Fifteen Years: A Study Of Growth And Asymptote, Mabel L. Rice, Lesa Hoffman, Ken Wexler

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Purpose—Clinical grammar markers are needed for children with SLI older than 8 years. This study followed children studied earlier on sentences with omitted finiteness to determine if affected children continue to perform at low levels and to examine possible predictors of low performance. This is the first longitudinal report of grammaticality judgments of questions.

Method—Three groups of children participated: 20 SLI, 20 age controls and 18 language-matched controls, followed from ages 6–15 years. An experimental grammaticality judgment task was administered with BE copula/auxiliary and DO auxiliary in Wh- and Yes/No questions for 9 times of measurement. Predictors were indices of …

Daily Negative Mood Affects Fasting Glucose In Type 2 Diabetes, Marilyn M. Skaff, Joseph T. Mullan, David M. Almeida, Lesa Hoffman, Umesh Masharani, David Mohr, Lawrence Fisher

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine the relationship between mood and blood glucose in a 21-day daily diary study.
Design: During a home visit, information was gathered from 206 persons with Type 2 diabetes regarding demographics, disease characteristics and treatment, and depressive symptoms. They had blood drawn at a laboratory, yielding HbA1C. The participants were then telephoned each evening for 21 days and were asked about their positive and negative mood during the past 24 hours. They also tested their blood glucose upon rising in the morning.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes measures were positive and negative affect and fasting glucose.
Results: …

Using Microsoft Flight Simulator X To Develop Aeronautical Decisionmaking Skills In The Classroom, Wendy S. Beckman, Mark Callender, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett, Wayne Dornon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the Aerospace Department at Middle Tennessee State University, Microsoft Flight Simulator X (MSFSX) is being utilized in the classroom to develop the aeronautical decision-making skills future pilots will need. The utilization of this inexpensive software to create realistic scenarios is discussed and a variety of examples are provided. While working through a scenario, students view either pre-recorded segments of a virtual flight, or participate in real time decision-making as a flight segment is “flown” by the instructor. In either case, students see an aircraft instrument panel and the view outside the windscreen, as they would in flight. The emphasis …

Identifying Psychosocial Factors Associated With Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders In Flight Attendants In A Taiwanese Commercial Airline, Kai-Hui Lee, Li-Hua Kao Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Psychosocial factors have the potential for causing psychological or physical harm, perceived psychological demands, job stress, or work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between psychosocial factors including job demands, job control, managerial and colleague support, relationships at work, role conflict, and organizational change, and psychosocial factors, health and the well-being, and WMSDs among flight attendants. A survey, mainly based on the “HSE Indicator Tool” developed by Health and Safety Executive and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), was distributed in 2009 to flight attendants in a Taiwanese commercial airline by convenience sampling. …

High-Fidelity Simulation To Compare The Tower Operations Digital Data System To Flight Progress Strips, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The current experiment used a high-fidelity, human-in-the-loop simulation to compare the Tower Operations Digital Data System (TODDS) to paper Flight Progress Strips (FPSs) during zerovisibility Airport Traffic Control Tower operations. Sixteen current controllers participated in groups of two. Each group received touchscreen and TODDS training before completing eight practice and eight test scenarios. The participants worked at both the ground and local control positions under four experimental conditions. The participants used one of four systems – the Integrated TODDS, FPSs with Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X, Perceptual- Spatial TODDS, or FPSs only – to control airport traffic. The …

Using Multiple Imperfect Diagnostic Automation, David Keller, Stephen Rice

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Due to the difficulty of performing multiple tasks, operators in complex environments are often aided by automation. Because automation is not always perfect operators must decide how much to trust in and depend on the automation aids. Theoretically operators can adjust their level of trust using either a component-specific or a system-wide trust strategy. This study tests these two theories. 36 participants monitored two gauges, each with an automated aid at different reliability levels, while engaged in a pursuit tracking task that simulated an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mission flight. The data suggest that participants do not evaluate the reliability …

The Management Of Verbal Communications In Complex Aeronautical Systems, Fanny Loyau, Marie Rivenez, Sophie Quiblier

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study addresses the question of human factors in verbal communications in AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System). It aims to improve selection, training and learning by developing a tool focused on attentional division and multiple communications management. Radio communications management seems to be highly dependent on crew expertise. Indeed, many instructors say that several years of experience on AWACS are required in order to develop communications management skills and to improve their intelligibility. On the basis of our preliminary observations, we propose three hypotheses which would account for this expertise effect, focused on automatisms, volumes management of radio networks …

Comparing Tunnel-In-The-Sky Display On Hdd And Hud From Task Occupation Point Of View, Kohei Funabiki, Tomoko Iijima, Hiroka Tsuda

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A series of flight simulations was carried out to investigate the causal factors of attention capture, focusing on a traffic detection task while following a curved trajectory using a Tunnel-in-the-Sky display. The location (head-up or head-down) and size of the display were varied, and traffic detection time and path tracking performance were measured. The results show that the HUD gave the best path tracking at the expense of traffic detection performance, and supports the hypothesis that using a limited viewing volume and high display gain with a Tunnel-in-the-Sky display induces pilots to rely on precise guidance cues instead of the …

Integrated Multimodal Communications Management For Airborne Command And Control, Dianne K. Popik, Victor S. Finomore, Douglas S. Brungart

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Increasing the communication efficiency and accuracy associated with Command and Control (C2) operations is crucial in many aerospace applications. This communication intensive environment imposes a high workload on Air Traffic Controllers and other C2 personnel who rely heavily on a variety of communication tools to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets during missions. The C2 task is further complicated by the suboptimal integration of the various communication media utilized in the operational environment. The fielded communication tool suites have serious limitations and are not poised to meet the needs of advancing technology. A multidisciplinary research team in the Battlespace …

Nt-Seev: A Model Of Attention Capture And Noticing On The Flight Deck, Dr. Christopher Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Julia Bzostek, Kelly Steelman-Allen, Jason Mccarley, Nadine Sarter

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

N-SEEV is a model that predicts the noticeability of events that occur in the context of routine task-driven scanning across large scale visual environments such as the flight deck or ATC work station. The model is an extension of the SEEV (salience, effort, expectancy, value) model, incorporating the influence of attentional set and allowing the possibility of a dynamic environment. The model was validated against two empirical data sets. In a study of pilot scanning across a high fidelity automated 747 cockpit, the SEEV component of the model predicted the distribution of attention with a correlation of 0.85. In a …

Aviator 2030 - Ability Requirements In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

‘Aviator 2030’ is a project at DLR on ability requirements for operators in future ATM systems. Several workshops have been conducted with pilots and air traffic controllers to learn how today’s aviation professionals see their jobs develop in future. Using separated workshops first, pilots and air traffic controllers were introduced to current developments within the context of Single European Sky SES, a large-scale program comparable to NextGen in the United States. Following the ‘future-workshop’ concept participants developed scenarios of future ATM from their professional background and experience. In a third workshop pilots and controllers met to exchange and discuss their …

Vigilant Warrior™: A Selection Tool For Vigilance Performance, David E. Weldon Ph.D., Clark Shingledecker Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In this paper, we describe an individual differences model of vigilance performance—the ability to maintain one’s focus of attention and remain alert for prolonged periods of time—and summarize our model evaluation research. Our goal was an automated test battery (Vigilant Warrior™) that could be employed to select personnel with superior abilities for assignment to critical vigilance duties. Thus, we conducted extensive laboratory research to identify an optimal set of vigilance predictors and validate them against a simulated, real-world, electronic-display, battlefieldmonitoring task with high vigilance requirements. The results confirmed that an objective, Short Vigilance Task (SVT), coupled with analytic skill and …

The Technological, Financial, And Social Realities That Are Defining The Aircraft Mechanic Of Tomorrow, Glen R. Gallway

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Today it is becoming increasingly difficult to describe maintenance roles because an enormous number of once stable factors affecting the maintenance person and process are changing. Technology changes like software based aircraft, air/ground/satellite/airport system integration, highly complexity systems, and other technology issues are not currently part of a maintenance person’s normal skill set but are already part of aircraft maintenance needs. Many of the change issues that are considered to be “TECHNOLOGY” initiated but usually are caused by changing financial and/or social requirements that has occurred. This is a circular result in that when technology changes occur it further drives …

Reactive Attachment Disorder, Kalen J. Espy

Graduate Research Papers

Reactive Attachment Disorder, or RAD, has several possible causes usually stemming from traumatic childhood events. The attachment disorders were initially explored in 1948 by John Bowlby which led to the attachment theory being established in the 1960's. Attachment is the bond a child makes with other human beings, allowing for a healthy emotional and psychological growth. Attachment is developed primarily from birth to two years of age and up to the age of five.

There are four attachment styles and four phases that a child must go through to develop a healthy attachment to a caregiver. A child who is …

Alterations In Default Network Connectivity In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related To Early Life Trauma, Robyn L. Bluhm, Peter C. Williamson, Elizabeth A. Osuch, Paul A. Frewen, Todd K. Stevens, Kristine Boksman, Richard W.J. Neufeld, Jean Théberge, Ruth A. Lanius

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Background: The "default network" consists of a number of brain regions that exhibit correlated low-frequency activity at rest and that have been suggested to be involved in the processing of self-relevant stimuli. Activity in many of these areas has also been shown to be altered in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We hypothesized that the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, part of the default network, would exhibit altered connectivity at rest with other areas of the default network and regions associated with PTSD.

Methods: Seventeen medicated and unmedicated female patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to early-life trauma …

Coherence, Complexity, And Information Flow: Self-Organizing Processes In Psychotherapy, David Pincus

Psychology Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"This chapter is written in the spirit of optimism, suggesting that self-organization is just such a general theory that may assist in providing a deeper, scientifically grounded understanding of the complex biopsychosocial processes involved in psychotherapy. To provide some foundation to this rather grand suggestion, the following review rests on five more specific theoretical propositions stemming from self-organization theory... The analysis of these propositions begins with an integrative review of traditional theories of interpersonal process through the lens of nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS) and self-organization theory in particular. Next, the contemporary empirical and theoretical developments using NDS to understand psychotherapy …

An Investigation Of The Knowledge And Beliefs Held By Teachers And Parents In A Parochial School System Regarding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And The Variables That Predict Their Knowledge, Kendra-Lee Yvonne Pearman

Dissertations

Problem

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders affecting 3 to 5% of school populations in the United States and other countries. Due to the behavioral and/or academic challenges of children with ADHD, they are at risk for grade retention, dropping out of high school, and teenage delinquency, which can lead to negative consequences in society. Children with ADHD are found in every school setting, including parochial schools. Past studies have found teachers and parents have inadequate knowledge about ADHD, which can negatively affect these children. This study investigated what teachers and parents of children in …

The Effect Of Stigma On The Daily Occupations Of Adults With Mental Illness, Kelley Lee

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Dorothy M. Bartleson

Graduate Research Papers

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a neurobiological disorder. The disorder OCD is now the fourth most common psychiatric disorder among Americans. (Adams & Burke, 1999) Two percent of adults have some level of OCD and many others have experienced signs at some point. (Campost & Leckaman, 1999) The number of children that have this disorder is one out of two hundred. (Black) The causes of OCD can be physical or emotional or both. (Barlow, 2002) Treatments for OCD include Cognitive Behavior therapy, Visual Reality therapy, medications, social skills training, support groups and individual and family therapy. (Lutz, 2002) Neurological disorders …

Cue-Based Training Effects On Visual Scanpaths During Weather-Related Decision Making, Michael W. Sawyer, Scott A. Shappell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Flight into adverse weather remains a leading cause of fatal accidents in general aviation. The situation assessment hypothesis suggests that pilots continue into adverse weather because they fail to accurately recognize the weather conditions present. In this study 20 participants’ eye movements were tracked as they viewed various weather scenes before and after training. The results showed that after training participants made decisions using fewer visual fixations and less total gaze time. Further, the average time until first fixation on critical weather features was decreased after training. Participants were effectively taught what weather features are important, thus allowing participants to …

Effects Of Time Pressure On The Use Of An Automated Decision Support System For Strike Planning, Yves Boussemart, Birsen Donmez, M. L. Cummings, Jonathan Las Fargeas

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This paper describes the results of an experiment designed to examine the effects of time pressure on behavioral patterns. The main research hypothesis is that people under time pressure tend to increasingly rely on automation in order to cope with the added workload. The context is that of a missile strike planner having to create a set of matches between resources (missiles) and requirements (missions). We introduce time pressure by changing the temporal requirements towards the end of the mission. Overall performance, calls to automation and qualitative strategies are recorded and analyzed using ANOVA and other nonparametric tests. The main …

Utility And Recognition Of Lines And Linear Patterns On Electronic Displays Depicting Aeronautical Charting Information, Divya C. Chandra

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A study was conducted to explore the utility and recognition of lines and linear patterns on electronic displays depicting aeronautical charting information, such as electronic charts and moving map displays. The goal of this research is to support the development of more standardized and consistent lines and linear patterns for these displays. Data were collected from 273 professional and private pilots. First pilots sorted the names of 65 types of lines and linear patterns in terms of utility of the item. Next they tried to identify nine test linear patterns shown in isolation. Results of the sorting task indicated that …

Decision Factors Influencing Stimulant Use Among Fighter Aircrew During Combat Operations, Russell K. Gore M.D., Eric D. Hermes M.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

During long combat missions in fighter aircraft, passive in-flight fatigue countermeasures are often not feasible. As a result, stimulant medications (Go Pills) may be used in-flight. The present study attempts to describe the individual decision factors influencing stimulant use during combat operations. Methods: 35 deployed F-15E aircrews participated in this study. Prior to the deployment, interviews were conducted to identify factors influencing the inflight decision to use stimulants. Based on this qualitative information, a novel survey instrument was developed. Results: Surveys were completed after 111 sorties. Results were summarized graphically. Conclusions: Active and anticipated in-flight fatigue were the most common …

Human-Assisted Logistics Optimization (Halo): Support For Timely Logistics Decision-Making, David E. Weldon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The need for rapid response capabilities and effective joint operations dictates a new approach in which deployment planning is integrated into the mission-planning processes. In the research reported here, we explored new technologies to enable rapid identification of feasible transportation options and enhance shared awareness of commander’s intent and inter-command collaboration. Our solution extends state-of-the-art Tabu Search algorithms, producing effective transportation solutions in significantly less time than current models. The human guidance and collaborative components of HALO enhance performance by accommodating dynamic operational requirements. HALO benchmark tests demonstrated superiority to other optimization algorithms on Multi-Vehicle, Pickup and Delivery Problems with …

The Mystery Of Distributed Learning, Gavan Lintern

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

There are contrasting opinions about the value of distributed learning. Several textbooks on general training issues promote it as an effective training strategy while many researchers who have focused specifically on this topic argue that distributed practice is no more effective than non-distributed practice. It is noteworthy that most who promote distributed learning base their opinion on belief rather than on experimental research while most who argue that it is of no value base their opinions on empirical data restricted primarily to the learning of simple motor skills. Additionally, much of the distributed learning research has employed the experimentally convenient …

On Adaptive Autimation As A Solution To The Gloc Conundrum, Lloyd D. Tripp, Joel S. Warm, Gerald Matthews, Peter Y. Chiu, R. Bruce Bracken

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC) is a major problem facing fighter pilots. In the throes of GLOC, pilots can travel 12 miles without control of their aircraft. The GLOC problem has proven to be difficult to resolve. Solutions involving repeated exposures to GLOC, G-suit pressure manipulation, intense sensory stimulation, and exposure to –G following the GLOC event have been unsuccessful. It is evident that a different approach is needed. One possibility might be an adaptive automation system to warn pilots of the imminence of a GLOC event. A key issue in adaptive automation is the cue to be employed in …