Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Contribution Of High-Frequency Eeg Features To Physiogicallybased Operator Workload Estimation, Jason W. Monnin, Justin R. Estepp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Physiologically-based cognitive workload assessment can discriminate changing levels of operator functional state in complex task environments. In this paradigm, electroencephalography (EEG) is a commonly used physiological measure. Spectral power in clinical frequency bands is used to derive features to train an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier to recognize changes in cognitive workload. Recent research has suggested that power in high frequency bands may be influenced by electromyographic artifact. In a previous study, nineteen channels of EEG were recorded (from 10 participants) during a complex uninhabited air vehicle (UAV) control simulation in which task difficulty was manipulated to induce changes in …

The 787 Vertical Situation Display Human Factors Evaluation Enhancements To Flight Path Awareness, Jason Hammack, Julianne Fox Cummings, Jean Crane

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A two-phased focused evaluation was run to validate the design implementation of the 787 Vertical Situation Display (VSD), using static and dynamic scenarios in a prototype flight deck. Pilot feedback and pilot questionnaire data were recorded and videotaped for analysis. The validation testing results suggest that overall an effective implementation has been designed. There was one area where issues were found that necessitated requirement changes. The mode transition logic (during takeoff) was redesigned and additional validation testing was conducted to ensure acceptability.

Automation Dependency Under Time Pressure, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Gayle Hunt, David Trafimow

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Previous research has identified many factors that affect human dependence on automated systems. Some of these factors include automation reliability, types of errors, and training. This study introduces a new factor, time pressure, which is directly related to operator dependence on automated aids. Participants were asked to perform a simulated UAV target-detection task with the aid of diagnostic automation. Two factors were manipulated in this study: reliability of the automation and time pressure. The results indicate that participants faced with time pressure were more likely to depend on the automation than participants who had more time to evaluate the recommendations. …

An Investigation Of The Behavioral Mechanisms Of Antipsychotic Action Using A Drug-Drug Conditioning Paradigm, Ming Li, Wei He, Alexa Mead

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Antipsychotic drugs at noncataleptic doses selectively suppress conditioned avoidance response in rats. In our previous study, we had used a two-way active avoidance response paradigm to show that the antipsychotic-induced interoceptive state is one of the mechanisms underlying the avoidance-disruptive effect of antipsychotics. In this study, we sought to further examine this mechanism using a novel drug-drug conditioning procedure. We made use of the fact that both the typical neuroleptic haloperidol and the atypical neuroleptic olanzapine disrupt conditioned avoidance responding, whereas chlordiazepoxide (an anxiolytic) does not. We reasoned that if the antipsychotic interoceptive state is important in causing a disruption …

Reactive Attachment Disorder : Implications For Counselors, Kim Rogers

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to provide background on reactive attachment disorder. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is growing in diagnosis and yet it is one of the least researched disorders. This paper will discuss attachment theory, problems with the RAD diagnosis, interventions for mental health professionals, and future research ideas.

Responding To Societal Devaluation: Effects Of Perceived Personal And Group Discrimination On The Ethnic Group Identification And Personal Self-Esteem Of Latino/Latina Adolescents, Brian E. Armenta, Jennifer S. Hunt

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The Rejection-Identification model (Branscombe, Schmitt, & Harvey, 1999) posits that perceived discrimination may lead to increased ingroup identification, which can help maintain psychological well-being in the face of societal devaluation. To address unknown aspects of this model, we examined the effects of perceived per¬sonal and group discrimination on the group identification and personal self-esteem of Latino/Latina adolescents. Results showed that perceived group discrimination was related to higher personal self-esteem via direct and indirect routes (i.e. through group identification). However, perceived personal discrimination was directly and indirectly associated with lower personal self-esteem. Moreover, these two levels of discrimination showed interactive effects …

Speech Synthesis For Data Link: A Study Of Overall Quality And Comprehension Effort, Martine Godfroy, Durand R. Begault, Elizabeth M. Wenzel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study investigated subjective preference for synthesized “spoken data link” messages to provide initial design guidance for communication displays in the context of NextGen (Next Generation Air Transport System) operations. Ratings of Overall Quality and Comprehension Effort were obtained as a function of voice type, synthesized speech rate, and sentence prosody. Rank-order data analyses showed that both Overall Quality and Comprehension Effort were affected by speech rate: under the “Fast Rate” condition (vs. “Default Rate”), Overall Quality decreases and Comprehension Effort increases. However, the introduction of “Prosodic Emphasis” (pitch and level changes for specific phrases) in Fast Rate sentences produced …

Ecological Synthetic Vision Display To Support Pilot Terrain Awareness, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A Synthetic Vision Display is generally believed to support pilot terrain awareness. Many studies have shown, however, that perspective views are biased, which can cause pilots to make judgment errors regarding the relative location, height, and ultimately the avoidance of terrain obstacles. Therefore, this system is usually backed by terrain avoidance systems that provide explicit resolutions to circumvent conflicts. They are, however, far from optimal regarding terrain awareness as they fail to present the rationale of the automation. This paper presents an extension to a Synthetic Vision Display that promotes pilot terrain awareness by means of overlays that reveal the …

Providing Evidence Of A Multiple-Process Model Of Trust In Automation, Stephen Rice, Gayle Hunt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study focuses on the effects of human responses to computer automation aids. Previous research has shown that different types of automation errors (false alarms and misses) affect human trust in different ways. False alarms tend to negatively affect operator compliance, whereas misses tend to negatively affect operator reliance. Participants were asked to determine whether an enemy target was present or absent in a series of images, a task similar to what a UAV operator might be asked to perform. A diagnostic aid provided recommendations before participants viewed each image. Reliability and type of automation error were manipulated in order …

The Use Of Intraocular Lenses With Advance Aviation Displays., Walter J. Protheroe Jr., Gerald L. Haynes

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

With an aging aviation population, the use of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has become common place throughout the world for correcting vision acuity, cataracts and eye injuries. The material which comprises an IOL will cause a change in spectral sensitivity seen by the recipient. This is most notable in color variations while viewing Advance Aviation Displays. The results reported here are for one specific composition of IOL given to us by the manufacturer, and are assumed to be or have been in wide use. Cost limitations required that we used color correction filters to simulate colorized IOLs (not actual colorized lenses), …

Review Of Safety Reports Involving Electronic Flight Bags, Divya C. Chandra, Andrew Kendra

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) are a relatively new device used by pilots. Even so, 37 safetyrelated events involving EFBs were identified from the public online Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database as of June 2008. In addition, two accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) cite EFB as a contributing factor. Underlying EFB issues were ascribed to each ASRS report by the authors based on subject matter expertise. Pilots reported issues such as configuration of the chart display and difficulty using the EFB when they were newly implemented. Both NTSB reports identified use of an EFB for calculation …

What Can A Multidimensional Measure Of Stress Tell Us About Team Collaborative Tools?, Gregory J. Funke, Sheldon M. Russell, Benjamin A. Knott, Brent T. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A substantial body of research literature concerning the effects of collaborative tools on team performance has been generated, but the research has not considered subjective workload and stress associated with tool usage. The current experiment represents an initial, exploratory attempt to characterize the relationship between usage of collaborative tools, mental workload, and the subjective experience of stress. The NASA-TLX and the DSSQ-S were used to assess the workload and stress experienced by participants completing a simulated team command and control task. Task demands and collaborative tool availability were experimentally manipulated. Analysis of the data revealed that participants experienced increases in …

Synthetic And Enhanced Vision System For Altair Lunar Lander, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Lynda J. Kramer, Robert M. Norman, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Steven P. Williams, Kevin J. Shelton, Randall E. Bailey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Past research has demonstrated the substantial potential of synthetic and enhanced vision (SV/EV) for aviation (e.g., Prinzel & Wickens, 2009). These augmented visual-based technologies have been shown to significantly enhance situation awareness, reduce workload, enhance aviation safety (e.g., reduced propensity for controlled flight -intoterrain accidents/incidents), and promote flight path control precision. The issues that drove the design and development of synthetic and enhanced vision have commonalities to other application domains; most notably, during entry, descent, and landing on the moon and other planetary surfaces. NASA has extended SV/EV technology for use in planetary exploration vehicles, such as the Altair Lunar …

Towards A Four-Dimensional Separation Assistance Cockpit Display, J. Ellerbroek, M. Visser, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

An initial design of a tactical navigation support tool is proposed, designed to integrate horizontal and vertical separation assistance tools into one display. A novel representation of the separation problem, based on Ecological Interface Design, presents external conflict and performance constraints on an extended, wide-screen Primary Flight Display. Key issues in the current design are discussed, and an experiment is proposed to evaluate the display concept.

Development Of Proactive Safety Management System For Industrial Fields Based On The Framework Of Aviation Safety Reporting System, Capt. Akira Ishibahsi, Daisuke Karikawa, Toshio Wakabayashi, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The safety reporting system such as the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) draws attention from various industrial fields as an effective safety management method to prevent further accidents. However, it became apparent that the industrial fields often confront the difficulty of the development and effective operation of safety reporting system due to the differences between aviation and other industrial fields. In this study, an effective safety reporting system for practical use in a conventional industrial field has been developed based on ASRS. Although the detailed evaluation of the proposed safety reporting system is still underway, its effectiveness has been strongly …

Flight Deck Display Technologies For 4dt And Surface Equivalent Visual Operations, Lawrence (Lance) J. Prinzel Iii, Denise R. Jones, Kevin J. Shelton, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Randall E. Bailey, Angela S. Allamandola, David C. Foyle, Becky L. Hooey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

NASA research is focused on flight deck display technologies that may significantly enhance situation awareness, enable new operating concepts, and reduce the potential for incidents/accidents for terminal area and surface operations. The display technologies include surface map, head-up, and head-worn displays; 4DT guidance algorithms; synthetic and enhanced vision technologies; and terminal maneuvering area traffic conflict detection and alerting systems. This work is critical to ensure that the flight deck interface technologies and the role of the human participants can support the full realization of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and its novel operating concepts.

Near-Term Nextgen And Class 2 Efbs, Thomas L. Seamster Ph.D., Barbara G. Kanki Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study is based on data collected at the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) Advanced Software and Authorization Workshop for US operators currently involved in EFB software evaluation or implementation for their own fleets. With most US operators not taking delivery of new, larger aircraft in the next few years, they are considering ways of displaying near-term NextGen data on board existing aircraft through systems such as the EFB. The workshop collected operator near-term needs in the areas of EFB user interface and standardization and EFB advanced software applications. The analysis of the data collected during the workshop provided a prioritized …

Impairments In Attention In Occasionally Snoring Children: An Event-Related Potential Study, Maria E. Barnes, Elizabeth A. Huss, Krista N. Garrod, Eric Van Raay, Ehab Dayyat, Dennis L. Molfese

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Objective—To determine whether minimal snoring is benign in children.

Procedure—22 rarely snoring children (mean age=6.9 years, 11 females) and age- and sexmatched controls participated in an auditory oddball task wearing 128-electrode nets. Parents completed Conner’s Parent Rating Scales-Revised Long (CPRS-R:L).

Results—Snorers scored significantly higher on 4 CPRS-R:L subscales. Stepwise regression indicated that two ERP variables from a region of the ERP that peaked at 844 ms post-stimulus onset predicted CPRS-R:L ADHD Index scores.

Conclusions—Occasional snorers according to parental report do exhibit ADHD-like behaviors. Basic sensory processing is longer than in controls, suggesting that delayed frontal activation requires more effort in …

An Exploration Of The Diagnostic Criterion, Etiology, And Treatment Of Binge Eating Disorder, Amy C. Ebert

Graduate Research Papers

An exploration of the DSM IV-TR research diagnostic criterion of Binge Eating Disorder (BED), its etiology, and viable treatments was conducted. The purpose of this literature review was to provide more information for mental health professionals treating clients who may fit the criteria for BED. Published research literature and treatment manuals were utilized in this review. It was concluded that there are many potential risk/maintenance factors linked to the development of BED, and that treatment interventions involving mindfulness appear to be effective in minimizing the symptoms of BED. Given the current obesity statistics among U.S. adults, it seems quite important …

Fatigue And Its Effect On Cabin Crew Member Performance, Stephanie Hide Mas

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Since 1993, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has stated fatigue was a contributing factor in eight airline catastrophes in the US resulting in 250 fatalities. Many proposals to mitigate fatigue as a safety issue in aviation have been suggested. Those on the NTSB List of Most Wanted Transportation Safety Improvements involve “hours of on-duty work” rules, which provide an essential set of limits on the work day for all transportation workers. However, most fatigue studies have focused on cockpit crew and not on the cabin crew. This report investigates cabin crew members, their scheduled work, rest and sleep times …

Aviation Automation Design And Implementation - The Need For Human Factors Considerations, Karl Fennell, Shawn Pruchnicki, David Mckenney, Helena Reidemar, Kevin Comstock

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This document outlines the Air Line Pilots Association’s (ALPA) aviation automation concerns and expresses the recommendations of both experienced pilots and experts alike. Refer to our statement of position document for additional details at www.ALPA.org under Safety, HFT (Human Factors and Training). Safe and effective aviation automation∗ is only possible when human factors principles are utilized properly. We strongly encourage engineers, regulators, and operators to apply human factors considerations at every stage of aviation automation hardware, software, and procedure design. Occasionally procedures or products are implemented without these considerations. This inattention can make usage problematic and has produced unintended consequences …

Modeling Pilot Cognitive Behavior For Predicting Performance And Workload Effects Of Cockpit Automation, Guk-Ho Gil, David Kaber, Sang-Hwan Kim, Karl Kaufmann, Theo Veil

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The objective of this research was to develop a model of pilot cognitive behavior to predict performance and workload while using varying degrees of cockpit automation to serve as a basis for future systems design. A cognitive task analysis (CTA) was conducted on expert pilot performance a flight control panel (FCP), control-display unit (CDU) and flight management system, and an enhanced CDU (CDU+) providing pre-programmed arrivals from air traffic control in a simulated landing and approach task. Cognitive models were developed from the CTA using an enhanced form of the GOMS language, including a set of additional task operators, to …

Are There Instructional Differences Between Fulltime And Parttime Faculty?, R. Eric Landrum

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Using data from 8 academic departments and 361 courses taught during a semester, I examined differences between fulltime and parttime faculty in the areas of general demographic variables, student evaluation of teaching outcomes, and the distribution of grades earned. I expected fulltime faculty to exhibit higher teaching evaluations and less lenient grade distributions, yet neither hypothesis was supported. However, substantial differences exist in the support mechanisms provided to parttime and fulltime faculty. These results are discussed in the context of a growing national reliance on parttime faculty, and the potential implications of this trend.

Aspergers Syndrome, Miquel K. Anastasi

Graduate Research Papers

Aspergers Syndrome has recently become a "popular" topic in the mental health fields. More and more school aged children are being formally diagnosed with the disorder. Yet, many professionals do not truly understand the nature of Aspergers syndrome beyond being a form of autism. In this paper Aspergers Syndrome is defined and compared with Autism and the causes and possible treatments are discussed, particularly from biological and sociocultural points of view.

Risk Assessment For Suicide Behaviour : Clinical Challenges, Amresh Srivastava, Charles Nelson

Data and Test Instruments

This is an audio-visual about risk assessment of suicide behavior. Part 1. Reformulating the concept of RISK and a New instrument for assessment: Risk assessment is an important clinical responsibility, which can be ‘life-saving’. Literature on risk factors has become voluminous; however a traditional risk assessment does not take into account the most relevant factors. This reflects the prevailing conceptualization of risk, which has not been fully and completely tied to clinical outcomes. Psychopathology is currently understood in biopsychosocial terms. A more progressive conceptualization of risk should consider the interplay of both, risk and protective factors. The present work proposes …

First Episode Is The Best Episode: Lessons And Limitations In Duration Of Untreated Psychosis (Dup) And Outcome In Schizophrenia, Amresh Srivastava, Larry Stitt, Meghana Thakar, Gurusamy Chinnasamy, Nilesh Shah

Psychiatry Presentations

Background: Early intervention in psychosis is an opportunity. Research ahs shown that if any thing community members can do to prevent psychosis is to report early. This has opened newer vistas for understanding the complexity of brain and behaviour in schizophrenia. At the same time it has raised the bar of expectations regarding its correlation to outcome. It finally narrows down to meaningful public campaign for awareness, which will decide success of research to clinics in schizophrenia management. Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has emerged as a reliable predictor of outcome and provides credence to development of early intervention services. …

Clinical Interview For Psychiatric Assessment, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination Over Time: Implications For Coping, Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study suggests the effects of perceived pervasiveness may be dynamic over time. The hypothesis was that participants who perceived discrimination to be highly pervasive would initially be more likely to engage in inactive coping strategies than those who perceived low pervasiveness. However, those who continued to perceive high pervasiveness over time would ultimately show greater evidence of using active strategies than those perceiving low pervasiveness. Using a 28-day diary, women and ethnic minorities described their daily experiences of discrimination and indicated their appraisals of its pervasiveness as well as their coping strategies. Results showed that participants who initially perceived …

The Dynamic Nature Of Coping With Gender Discrimination: Appraisals, Strategies And Well-Being Over Time, Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

Female introductory psychology students at a Canadian university (N = 31) participated in a lab simulation of discrimination, completed coping and well-being measures and then an online survey of well-being one year later. Expectations were that active (inactive) coping would initially be related to decreased (increased) well-being. A reverse pattern was expected for relationships between coping and well-being one year later. Results showed that among those perceiving high pervasive discrimination, active and inactive coping was related to decreased well-being immediately after the discrimination was portrayed, but among those perceiving low pervasiveness inactive coping was related to increased well-being. One year …

Can Paraphrasing Increase The Amount And Accuracy Of Reports From Child Eyewitnesses?, Angela D. Evans, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Young children’s descriptions of sexual abuse are often sparse thus creating the need for techniques that elicit lengthier accounts. ‘Paraphrasing’, or repeating information children have just disclosed, is a technique sometimes used by forensic interviewers to clarify or elicit information. (e.g., if a child stated “He touched me”, an interviewer could respond “He touched you?”). However, the effects of paraphrasing have yet to be scientifically assessed. The impact of different paraphrasing styles on young children’s reports was investigated. Overall, paraphrasing per se did not improve the length, richness, or accuracy of reports when compared to open-ended prompts such as …