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Articles 1801 - 1830 of 2066
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology
The Causes Of Failure Of Olympic Airways’ S Restructuring Efforts Applied By The Greek State, John S. Lainos Ph.D.
The Causes Of Failure Of Olympic Airways’ S Restructuring Efforts Applied By The Greek State, John S. Lainos Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Olympic Airways (O.A.), the former Greek flag carrier, was nationalized in 1975. For the period 1975-1994 its cumulative deficits had mounted to 455 billion GRD, (1.63 billion US$). However, at the same time all governments enforced on O.A. the implementation of their various policies, always at the company’s expense. The state debts to O.A.- due to the aforementioned reason were in 1993 (E.U. involvement) almost three times higher than O.A.’s operational deficits. These state debts have not been permitted to O.A. to register in their accounting books. Since 1993 the Greek state, O.A.’s exclusive shareholder, has attempted to introduce changes …
Panel: Advancing The Human Factors Business Case, Paul Krois, Douglas Farrow, William Johnson, David Bair
Panel: Advancing The Human Factors Business Case, Paul Krois, Douglas Farrow, William Johnson, David Bair
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In a time characterized by constrained budgets, competing demands for research and operational investments, and pressures to show how projects provide immediate value, human factors is becoming more adept at how we justify our costs and demonstrate the importance of our contributions. We assess practical approaches for advancing the business case for human factors research and engineering using government and industry perspectives.
The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 Accident: A Systemic Analysis Of Functional Resonance, Rogier Woltjer, Erik Hollnagel
The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 Accident: A Systemic Analysis Of Functional Resonance, Rogier Woltjer, Erik Hollnagel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
On January 31, 2000, Alaska Airlines flight 261, an MD-83, crashed into the Pacific Ocean; after airplane pitch control was lost as a result of the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assembly's acme nut threads (NTSB, 2003). Accident investigation revealed a wide range of human, technical, and organizational factors contributing to this tragic event, providing a case where popular linear models and methods have difficulty addressing the full complexity of the processes leading up to the accident. This paper treats each of the steps of analysis according to the Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM; Hollnagel, 2004), …
Supporting Pilots In Close Encounters With Terrain, A.N.P. Lenaerts, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen
Supporting Pilots In Close Encounters With Terrain, A.N.P. Lenaerts, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Despite the fact that modern cockpits present an abundance of information to pilots, Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) accidents continue to occur. The introduction of terrain awareness and warning systems, like the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS), has led to a considerable reduction of terrain incursions. EGPWS predicts the aircraft motion relative to terrain and, based on a rule-base of advanced reasoning logic, informs pilots on how to react appropriately. Common to all terrain warning systems, is that all cognition is ‘hidden’ in the EGPWS logic, and pilots are required to respond rapidly to the system’s commands. We hypothesize …
Effects Of Message Complexity And Message Length On The Production Of Pilot Readback Errors, O. Veronika Prinzo Ph.D.
Effects Of Message Complexity And Message Length On The Production Of Pilot Readback Errors, O. Veronika Prinzo Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Field data and laboratory studies conducted in the 1990s reported that the rate of pilot readback errors and communication problems increased as controller transmissions became more complex. This resulted in the recommendation that controllers send shorter messages to reduce the memory load imposed on pilots by complex messages. More than 10 years have passed since a comprehensive analysis quantified the types and frequency of readback errors and communication problems that occur in the operational environment. Hence, a content analysis was performed on 52 hours of pilot and controller messages that were transmitted from 5 of the busiest terminal radar approach …
Effects Of Cdti Alerting System Properties On Pilot Multi-Task Performance, Christopher Wickens, Angela Colcombe
Effects Of Cdti Alerting System Properties On Pilot Multi-Task Performance, Christopher Wickens, Angela Colcombe
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In a dual task context, pilots monitored a simulated cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) supported by an imperfect auditory or visual alerting system. Across four experiments: (1) varying the alerting threshold, to reduce the false alarm rate (but increase the miss rate) degraded both the concurrent flight control task, and conflict detection accuracy, with only a slight improvement in detection speed. (2) Changing the dual task context from flight control, to ATC communications greatly degraded performance on both the concurrent task and the conflict detection task, revealing the high cognitive demands of traffic monitoring. (3) Changing ATC communications to …
Maternal Transmission Of Body Image In School-Aged Children, Carolyn Gorman
Maternal Transmission Of Body Image In School-Aged Children, Carolyn Gorman
Undergraduate Review
No abstract provided.
The Multimodal Production Of Common Ground Understandings In Intercultural Flight Training, Saeko Nomura, Edwin Hutchins
The Multimodal Production Of Common Ground Understandings In Intercultural Flight Training, Saeko Nomura, Edwin Hutchins
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In this paper we show how Japanese airline pilots and American flight instructors overcome pronounced differences in language and culture and achieve effective collaboration. They do this by drawing on a deep body of shared professional pilot culture and by exploiting richly multimodality situated communication practices to produce common ground understandings.
Ergonomics Aeromedical Transport Analysis, Lisia Maria Espinola, Silva Pacheco Cabral, Jean Marcel, F. Novo, Danielle Vetö Guimarães, Mario Cezar Rodríguez Vidal, José Roberto Dourado Mafra
Ergonomics Aeromedical Transport Analysis, Lisia Maria Espinola, Silva Pacheco Cabral, Jean Marcel, F. Novo, Danielle Vetö Guimarães, Mario Cezar Rodríguez Vidal, José Roberto Dourado Mafra
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
This article presents the Ergonomics Action Methodology applied to an aeromedical transport company in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, studying the interactions among pilots, mechanics, physicians and nurses during the flight operation. Some ergonomics aspects were issued, affecting the appropriate performance in their interfaces, considering 2 types of helicopters: BK 117 C1 and Esquirrel AS 350 B2. As results, it was proposed some ergonomics suggestions and recommendations, aiming at providing improvements and minimizing the risks levels of accident occurrence.
Investigating Sources Of Mental Workload Using A High-Fidelity Atc Simulator, Penelope M. Sanderson, Martijn Mooij, Andrew Neal
Investigating Sources Of Mental Workload Using A High-Fidelity Atc Simulator, Penelope M. Sanderson, Martijn Mooij, Andrew Neal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In this study we present results from a high-fidelity simulator study of Air Traffic Controller (ATCo) workload, in which routine and non-routine scenario events are examined. Specifically, we test the ability of a task load metric (Airservices Australia’s Workload Assessment Tool: WAT) to predict controller workload in these situations. In the study, sector was a between-subjects variable and task load a within-subjects variable. Twenty-one professional ATCos worked three 30-minute segments in Airservices Australia’s TAAATS simulator, and rated their workload on a scale from 1 to 10 every two minutes. After each scenario, ATCos reviewed the video and explained their ratings. …
Transformation — Practical Lessons, Greg Padula
Transformation — Practical Lessons, Greg Padula
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
This paper will provide a glimpse into the transformation of the Tanker Airlift Control Center (TACC) between 1997 and 2003. It will provide my perspective and lessons as the functional lead during that time. It does not necessarily represent an official position.
Emotional Intelligence: Does It Fit Into Recruitment Process In The Airlines Industry?, Nutankumar S. Thingujam
Emotional Intelligence: Does It Fit Into Recruitment Process In The Airlines Industry?, Nutankumar S. Thingujam
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Existing literature show that there are various psychological factors that are important in the effective functioning of industrial/organizational set-up. Among the most important ones are the personality traits and cognitive abilities. But it is not possible to include all the important psychological variables in recruitment since that will be extremely time consuming and tiring on the part of the respondents. So, the challenge is to decide which personality traits and cognitive abilities are the best predictors of job performance. In this article I recommend a battery of psychological measures that include ability measure of ability model of emotional intelligence for …
Supplemental Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Personal Computer-Based Aircraft Training Device With That Of An Faa-Approved Flight Training Device, Dr. Jon Mcdermott
Supplemental Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Personal Computer-Based Aircraft Training Device With That Of An Faa-Approved Flight Training Device, Dr. Jon Mcdermott
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The introduction of the personal computer-based aircraft training device, or PCATD, in the late 1990s stimulated the academic investigation of this technology for use in collegiate aviation education activities. Initially, FAA regulators dismissed this technology as gaming software and hardware, but the successful collegiate use of PCATD technology for training pilots convinced the FAA in 1997 (AC 61-126) to approve the use of PCATDs as an equivalency to actual flight time, but for only a portion of that equivalency allowed Flight Training Devices (FTDs). This study, a supplemental analysis of the effectiveness of a PCATD, found that there was no …
Human-Machine System Simulation For Evaluating Flight Deck Display Based On Knowledge Representations Of Expert Pilots, Daisuke Karikawa, Makoto Takahashi, Akira Ishibashi, Masaharu Kitaramura
Human-Machine System Simulation For Evaluating Flight Deck Display Based On Knowledge Representations Of Expert Pilots, Daisuke Karikawa, Makoto Takahashi, Akira Ishibashi, Masaharu Kitaramura
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
For evaluations higher level safety in aviation, it is required to reduce accidents involving human errors. Actualizing appropriate Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design is recognized as a key issue for preventing significant hazards resulted from human errors. The present study has proposed a human-machine system simulation called Pilot Cognitive Simulator (PCS) as an evaluation method for HMI. The PCS aims at qualitative evaluations of HMI design from the aspect of information contents thorough analysis of the interaction between pilots’ cognitive process and HMI in a simulation environment. In an experimental simulation-based evaluation of a prototype supporting display, the PCS could successfully …
The Performance Costs Of Digital Head-Up Displays, Lisa Hagen, Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Matthew S. Brown Ph.D.
The Performance Costs Of Digital Head-Up Displays, Lisa Hagen, Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Matthew S. Brown Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Motor vehicle manufacturers are installing Head-Up Displays (HUDs) in motor vehicles to provide drivers with a variety of vehicle information such as vehicle speed. In theory, HUDs should assist drivers in monitoring the status of their vehicle while allowing them to spend more time looking at the external scene. However, research in the aviation literature has shown that pilots tend to cognitively tunnel on HUDs to the extent that processing of the external scene is delayed. In the present research, a driving simulator was used to examine whether cognitive tunnelling occurs with analogue and digital HUDs. Participants were better at …
Filling In The Gaps: An Investigation Of The Knowledge Needed For Effective Human-Automation Interaction, Michael T. Curtis, Michelle Harper-Sciarini, Florian G. Jentsch, David Schuster, Ron Swanson
Filling In The Gaps: An Investigation Of The Knowledge Needed For Effective Human-Automation Interaction, Michael T. Curtis, Michelle Harper-Sciarini, Florian G. Jentsch, David Schuster, Ron Swanson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Despite the decade-long focus on pilot understanding of automated systems, knowledge gaps continue to suggest that current training programs are incomplete. There are several different types of knowledge that contribute to an effective understanding of automated systems, including more complex knowledge structures. This suggests that simply training pilots how to operate automated systems will not provide optimal performance. This paper describes an empirical investigation of the importance and measurement of different types of knowledge important for effective automation use. Twenty trained commercial pilots completed several knowledge assessments of automation and airmanship and responded to situational vignettes that assessed their proficiency …
Spatial Awareness Biases In Synthetic Vision Systems Displays, Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Spatial Awareness Biases In Synthetic Vision Systems Displays, Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) create a synthetic clear-day view of the terrain in front of ownship to prevent controlled flight into terrain. To investigate how spatial biases manifest themselves in SVS displays, an experiment was conducted. Eighteen pilots made spatial judgments (relative angle, distance, height, and abeam time) regarding the location of terrain points displayed in 112 5-second videos of a SVS head down display. Judgment errors revealed expected and unexpected spatial biases. Knowledge of these biases will allow SVS engineers to compensate for them and to improve spatial awareness in future SVS designs.
Measuring Safety Culture In A Non-Us Airline Using The Commercial Aviation Safety Survey, Terry L. Von Thaden, Sólveig Ragnarsdóttir
Measuring Safety Culture In A Non-Us Airline Using The Commercial Aviation Safety Survey, Terry L. Von Thaden, Sólveig Ragnarsdóttir
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The purpose of this present study was twofold: firstly to test the psychometric appropriateness of the Commercial Aviation Safety Survey (CASS) for flight operations developed at the University of Illinois, in non-US environment, and secondly to assess the current state of organizational safety culture at a European airline. To achieve these objectives the CASS was administered in a web-based format to the flight operations department at a major European air carrier. The respondents reflected a representative employee distribution and a response rate of 31 percent. The internal consistency of the CASS indicated adequate reliability (all scores above 0.70). The survey …
An Airline Evaluation Of The Facilitation Skills Assessment Tool [Fsat] As A Device For Training And Assessing Facilitators, Maryjo O. Smith Ph.D., Guy M. Smith Ed.D., Captain Colin Budenberg, Captain John Willats, Captain Pete Griffiths
An Airline Evaluation Of The Facilitation Skills Assessment Tool [Fsat] As A Device For Training And Assessing Facilitators, Maryjo O. Smith Ph.D., Guy M. Smith Ed.D., Captain Colin Budenberg, Captain John Willats, Captain Pete Griffiths
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Researchers and airline practitioners from the USA and UK collaborated in a four-year project to develop the Facilitation Skills Assessment Tool (FSAT), an instrument to assess the skills of an airline facilitator. The final phase of the FSAT Development Project was the evaluation of FSAT at two airlines – Thomsonfly (formerly Britannia Airways) in the UK and Southwest Airlines in the USA. Statistical analysis allowed the combination of data from both airlines; these 66 assessments demonstrated that FSAT was a valid and reliable instrument for measuring facilitation skills.
Changes In Cognitive And Sensory Abilities Of Older Pilots Parallel Those Observed In The General Population, C.A. Miller, A. Chaparro
Changes In Cognitive And Sensory Abilities Of Older Pilots Parallel Those Observed In The General Population, C.A. Miller, A. Chaparro
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
This investigation compares young and older pilots with age-matched controls from the general population on cognitive and sensory abilities. Cognitive assessments included short-term and long-term memory, learning, delayed recognition and mental rotation. Sensory measures included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, auditory thresholds, speech intelligibility and tactile sensitivity. Significant differences in contrast sensitivity was obtained as a function of age and pilot status. Also, young pilots (24-42 years) have greater tactile sensitivity than older pilots (64-88 years), and both non-pilot groups. In general, younger participants performed better on the assessments than the older subjects regardless of pilot status. Although, the mean differences …
Assessing Readiness For Collaboration In Military C2 Centers, Dr. Joseph B. Lyons, Stephanie D. Swindler, Dr. Jacob J. Wolf, Patrick J. Vinvent
Assessing Readiness For Collaboration In Military C2 Centers, Dr. Joseph B. Lyons, Stephanie D. Swindler, Dr. Jacob J. Wolf, Patrick J. Vinvent
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The present research explored the concept of collaborative readiness within a logistics command and control center which was undergoing an organizational change targeting collaborative processes. A series of collaboration-centric items were piloted during an ongoing organizational assessment which was administered to approximately 240 personnel. The results suggested that collaborative readiness could be conceptualized by four overall dimensions: 1) general effectiveness and attitudes, 2) technology adaptability and external collaboration, 3) collaboration enablers, and 4) job characteristics.
Testing A Maneuver Space-Based Collision Avoidance System: Experiment 1, William R. Knecht
Testing A Maneuver Space-Based Collision Avoidance System: Experiment 1, William R. Knecht
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A new data visualization technology is demonstrated for en-route tactical aircraft separation maintenance. This technology displays maneuver space (MS), a nonveridical coordinate space based on the four key maneuver elements of heading, speed, altitude, and available maneuver time. In this first major test of a prototype 4D collision avoidance system (4CAS), eight licensed general aviation pilots each flew eight simulated free flight scenarios, with the goal of deviating as little as possible from a pre-assigned flight path, while still maintaining standard separation from traffic. Compared to a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI), the CDTI+4CAS condition showed performance advantage for …
Collaboration Technologies And The Supervisory Control Of Ucavs In Tactical C2: Effects On Performance And Workload, Gregory J. Funke, April M. Bennett, W. Todd Nelson, Scott M. Galster
Collaboration Technologies And The Supervisory Control Of Ucavs In Tactical C2: Effects On Performance And Workload, Gregory J. Funke, April M. Bennett, W. Todd Nelson, Scott M. Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The present study was an initial attempt to characterize team performance, workload, and situational awareness associated with two types of UCAV control schemes coupled with several collaboration technologies. Six people participated in a simulated suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) mission, which required cooperation between all participants in order to meet mission objectives. UCAVs were controlled by UCAV operators and supervised by air battle managers (ABMs) or controlled directly by ABMs. Participants could communicate verbally, through instant messages, and on some trials, using a virtual whiteboard. Results of the experiment indicated that team performance was negatively impacted by direct UCAV …
A Human Factors Analysis Of Miscommunication Between Pilots And Air Traffic Controllers In Taiwan, Wen-Jiang Chang, Eric Min-Yang Wang, Wen-Ling Tsai, Wei Hsu, Jin-Ru Yen, Hero Ho
A Human Factors Analysis Of Miscommunication Between Pilots And Air Traffic Controllers In Taiwan, Wen-Jiang Chang, Eric Min-Yang Wang, Wen-Ling Tsai, Wei Hsu, Jin-Ru Yen, Hero Ho
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The objective of this research was to analyze the human factors, which involved in specific types of miscommunication between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs). The study was based on the transcripts of pilot and ATC communication, which including the thirty flight incidents filed by local ATC authority. The research team consisted of an experienced air traffic controller, a pilot, and professors of linguistics, transportation management, human factors, and several assistants. The cases were analyzed and discussed thoroughly; as a result, seventeen types of communication error were identified from these incidents. Among these communication errors, three of seventeen types were …
The Effects Of Gps And Moving Map Displays On Pilot Navigational Awareness While Flying Under Vfr, Stephen M. Casner
The Effects Of Gps And Moving Map Displays On Pilot Navigational Awareness While Flying Under Vfr, Stephen M. Casner
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
GPS and moving map displays are popularly believed to increase pilot navigational awareness – further empowering the already aware pilot with additional information about their position and surroundings. In a first experiment, pilots’ beliefs about their own navigational awareness were compared to their measured awareness while navigating along a cross-country route. The results demonstrate a familiar out-of-the-loop effect and a marked disparity between what pilots believed and how they performed. In a second experiment, different pilots were asked to more actively participate in the navigation process while performing the same navigational task. The results indicate that this additional involvement significantly …
Translation As A Function Of Modality: The Potential Of Brief Interventions, Chudley Werch, Jerry L. Grenard, Jeanpaul Burnett, Julia A. Watkins, Steve Ames, Edessa Jobli
Translation As A Function Of Modality: The Potential Of Brief Interventions, Chudley Werch, Jerry L. Grenard, Jeanpaul Burnett, Julia A. Watkins, Steve Ames, Edessa Jobli
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
The purpose of this article is to examine the potential of brief intervention (BI) as a modality for translating health behavior intervention research into practice. We discuss common definitions of BI, applications within common models of translation research, effects of BI on a range of health behaviors and across various populations, current and potential mechanisms, and uses for dissemination to practice. A number of advantages of BI suggest they are well suited for translating behavioral research. In addition, findings from 13 systematic reviews of BI effects show their potential versatility. Basic research on motivation, decision making, and persuasion may be …
The Effect Of Handling Time On Temporal Discounting In Two New World Primates, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser
The Effect Of Handling Time On Temporal Discounting In Two New World Primates, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser
Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications
Foraging decisions in nonhuman animals often require choosing between small, immediate food rewards and larger, more delayed rewards. Faced with such choices, animals typically discount or devalue the future quite strongly. Although discounting studies often focus on delays to reward access, other temporal intervals contribute to foraging rate, and thus may potentially influence discounting levels. Here, we examine the effect of handling time, the time required to process and consume food, on discounting in cottontop tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, two species that differ in levels of temporal discounting. We presented subjects with a discounting task under …
Nonlinear Dynamics And Interpersonal Correlates Of Verbal Turn-Taking Patterns In A Group Therapy Session, David Pincus, Stephen J. Guastello
Nonlinear Dynamics And Interpersonal Correlates Of Verbal Turn-Taking Patterns In A Group Therapy Session, David Pincus, Stephen J. Guastello
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
Interpersonal processes and dynamics are ubiquitous topics in psychotherapy, yet they are difficult to study and are theoretically fragmented across therapeutic subdisciplines. The current study tests an integrative model of interpersonal dynamics in small groups using nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The conversation of one group therapy session (with six adolescent sex offenders) is analyzed using orbital decomposition, which allows for the identification of patterns in categorical time series data. The results show evidence of selforganizing social patterns, based on formal measures of turbulence (Lyapunov dimension), information novelty (Shannon's entropy), and complexity (fractal dimension). The degree of patterning in turn taking …
The Need For Quality Aviation Safety Graduates: An Educational Challenge For The 21st Century, Thomas R. Weitzel, Thomas R. Chidester
The Need For Quality Aviation Safety Graduates: An Educational Challenge For The 21st Century, Thomas R. Weitzel, Thomas R. Chidester
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The authors investigated a previously unaddressed problem within the curricula of the United States (U.S.) aviation institutions of higher education. Graduates of these institutions were not being prepared to work within the safety departments of the U.S. air carriers involved with one or more of the five current, voluntary programs. To ascertain the need for a solution, a subjective instrument was developed and personally administered to 13 participants within the industry. The qualitative results were interpreted, and, in combination with the knowledge gained from the immersion of a professor within a research organization, resulted in placement of some of the …
Synthetic Vision Systems: Flightpath Tracking, Situation Awareness, And Visual Scanning In An Integrated Hazard Display, Amy L. Alexander, Christopher D. Wickens
Synthetic Vision Systems: Flightpath Tracking, Situation Awareness, And Visual Scanning In An Integrated Hazard Display, Amy L. Alexander, Christopher D. Wickens
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Twenty-four certified flight instructors participated in an experiment designed to examine the viability of three Integrated Hazard Display (IHD) formats representative of Synthetic Vision System (SVS) technology (2D coplanar, 3D exocentric, split-screen; Wickens, 2003) in supporting flightpath tracking and situation awareness (SA). SA was probed through the use of two techniques, a memory-based technique called SAGAT and a variant of a perception-based technique called SPAM. Overall, the 3D exocentric display appeared to be the worst display format in terms of supporting SA and utilizing visual attention for the betterment of performance. There was an apparent speed-accuracy tradeoff between the memory-based …