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Full-Text Articles in Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Economics

Comments Re: Commonsense Policy Options To Lower Drug Prices For Patients, Fred D. Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharm. D. Aug 2026

Comments Re: Commonsense Policy Options To Lower Drug Prices For Patients, Fred D. Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharm. D.

CISI Publication

Thank you for the opportunity to provide written comment in response to the Senate Finance Committee Minority Staff’s “Request for Information: Commonsense Policy Options to Lower Drug Prices for Patients.” We are answering as academic researchers with experience in medicine and the biopharmaceutical industry. This comment will focus on sections I and III of the RFI.

We applaud the accomplishment of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in establishing the precedent for the government to negotiate “fair market” prices for drugs on terms that address both patients’ needs for affordability and industry’s need for a reasonable return on investment. Our analysis …


Comments Re: Draft Nih Intramural Research Program Policy: Promoting Equity Through Access Planning, Fred Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharmd., Paula Chaves Da Silva Ph.D. Jul 2024

Comments Re: Draft Nih Intramural Research Program Policy: Promoting Equity Through Access Planning, Fred Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharmd., Paula Chaves Da Silva Ph.D.

CISI Publication

We commend the NIH initiative to require that licensees of technologies that enable discovery or development of FDA-approved products arising from the NIH intramural program to include an Access Plan to promote “product affordability, availability, acceptability, and sustainability” and recognition that such protections are essential to ensuring a “return on taxpayers' investment in biomedical research.” Recognizing the complexity of anticipating appropriate terms for products that are in pre-clinical or early clinical development at the time of licensing, we also support the proposal that the Access Plan be submitted in late-stage clinical development, though we argue that …


Comments Re: Workshop On Transforming Discoveries Into Products: Maximizing Nih’S Levers To Catalyze Technology Transfer, Fred D. Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharm. D, Paula Chaves Da Silva, Ph. D. Jul 2023

Comments Re: Workshop On Transforming Discoveries Into Products: Maximizing Nih’S Levers To Catalyze Technology Transfer, Fred D. Ledley M.D., Edward Zhou Pharm. D, Paula Chaves Da Silva, Ph. D.

CISI Publication

We are pleased to offer written comments to this workshop focused on “… making federally funded inventions more accessible to the public… .” These comments are informed by recent research from the Center for Integration of Science and Industry at Bentley University that has:

  • Quantified the scope of NIH funding for basic or applied research, clinical development, or patents associated with drugs approved by the FDA 2010-2019. This work identified $187 billion in NIH-funded research directly related to these drugs (applied research – 17%) or their biological targets (basic research – 83%), representing a (discounted) investment comparable to reported levels …