Pharmaceutics and Drug Design Commons^™

Doxorubicin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticulate Delivery System To Overcome Drug Resistance In Osteosarcoma, Michiro Susa, Arun K. Iyer, Keinosuke Ryu, Francis J. Hornicek, Henry Mankin, Mansoor M. Amiji, Zhenfeng Duan

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Drug resistance is a primary hindrance for the efficiency of chemotherapy against osteosarcoma. Although chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients dramatically after introduction of neo-adjuvant therapy in the early 1980's, the outcome has since reached plateau at approximately 70% for 5 year survival. The remaining 30% of the patients eventually develop resistance to multiple types of chemotherapy. In order to overcome both the dose-limiting side effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and the therapeutic failure incurred from multidrug resistant (MDR) tumor cells, we explored the possibility of loading doxorubicin onto biocompatible, lipid-modified dextran-based polymeric nanoparticles and evaluated the …

Why Patients Need Protection From The Sun, M. O. Faruk Khan, W. Steve Pray

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Sunlight has been thought to be beneficial in recent decades, a time in which widespread tanning has become the norm. However, some patients’ quest for the perfect tan may lead them to permanent disfigurement and early death due to the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Experimental Investigation Of Mixing Time In A Stirred, Torispherical-Bottomed Tank Equipped With A Retreat-Blade Impeller, Nonjaros Chomcharn

Theses

Glass-lined reactors are typically used in the pharmaceutical and specialty chemicals industries because of their material compatibility with most reactants and their cleanability. These reactors are typically equipped with a retreat-blade impeller placed close to the bottom of the tank a single baffle mounted from the top. The mixing performance of such reactors has not received significant attention in the literature, despite their ubiquitous presence in the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, mixing time, i.e., the time required by the system to achieve a predefined level of homogeneity, has not been studied to any significant degree.

In this work, the mixing …

Mixing Performance Of A Novel, Continuous Confined Impinging Jets Mixer Using Competitive Reactions, Han Zheng

Theses

In this work, a novel continuous flow apparatus featuring the impingement of fluid jet streams in the presence of ultrasonic energy provided by an ultrasonic probe was tested using competitive reactions in order to determine its mixing effectiveness. The ultrasonic energy enhances micromixing of the fluid jet streams, which results in an overall mixing effectiveness improvements in different physical and chemical processes.

In the competitive reactions system used here (third Bourne reaction), one stream containing sodium hydroxide was continuously fed to the first impinging jet, while an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and ethyl chloroacetate was fed to the second …

A Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics (Pk/Pd) Guided Approach To Lead Optimization Of Nitrofuranylamide Anti-Tuberculosis Agents, Nageshwar Rao Budha

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Currently used treatment strategies for tuberculosis (TB) involve administration of multiple drug combinations for a minimum of 6-9 months. However, these prolonged regimens do not always achieve sterilization, as evidenced by post-therapy relapse in a subgroup of treated individuals. In an effort to develop novel therapeutic agents for TB a new class of chemical agents, nitrofuranylamides, is being developed at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. We hypothesized that the application of an iterative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) guided approach would facilitate the optimization of nitrofuranylamide lead compounds suitable for further development.

First, we examined the biopharmaceutic properties and …

Preparation Of Nanovehicles For Targeted Drug Delivery, Anagha Avinash Bhakay

Theses

Application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical research has opened new frontiers for drug development and its efficient delivery. In recent years, the focus of the research has been on the engineering of nano/micro-particulate structures for efficient and targeted delivery of drugs for selective and enhanced absorption. This work throws light on the preparation of biodegradable and non-toxic nanoparticulate systems for targeted drug delivery. The drug vehicles were made by two different processes namely electrostatic interactions and desolvation process. The drug carriers made by these processes were found to be in the size range of 150-200nm which is necessary for cellular uptake …

Association Of Antipsychotic Use With Hospital Events And Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Residing In Long-Term Care Facilities, Linda Simoni-Wastila, Priscilla T. Ryder, Jingjing Qian, Ilene H. Zuckermann, Thomas Shaffer, Lirong Zhao

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Objective—Antipsychotic (AP) utilization has grown significantly in long-term care (LTC) settings. Although a growing literature associates AP use with higher mortality in elderly with dementia, the association of APs with hospital events is unclear. The authors examine prevalence and trends in AP use by Medicare beneficiaries residing in LTC and the association of APs and other drug use variables with hospital events and mortality.

Design—Retrospective analysis using sequential multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Setting—Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey linked to Institutional Drug Administration and Minimum Data Set files.

Participants—A total of 2,363 LTC Medicare beneficiaries, 1999–2002. Measurements—Trends in LTC AP use …

An Analysis Of Drug Dissolution Rates In The Usp 24 Type 2 Apparatus, David Mcdonnell, Brendan Redmond, Deirdre M. D'Arcy, Anne Marie Healy, Owen Corrigan

Articles

This paper applies boundary layer theory to the process of drug dissolution in the USP 24, Type 2 Apparatus. The mass transfer rate from the top flat surface of a compact in various positions within the device is evaluated by means of a Pohlhausen integral method.

Antitumour And Antimalarial Activity Of Artemisinin–Acridine Hybrids, Michael Jones, Amy Mercer, Paul Stocks, Louise La Pensee, Rick Cosstick, B. Kevin Park, Miriam Kennedy, Ivo Piantanida, Stephen Ward, Jill Davies, Patrick Bray, Sarah Rawe, Jonathon Baird, Tafadzwa Charidza, Omar Janneh, Paul O'Neill

Articles

Artemisinin–acridine hybrids were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro activity against tumour cell lines and a chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum. They showed a 2–4-fold increase in activity against HL60, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in comparison with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and moderate antimalarial activity. Strong evidence that the compounds induce apoptosis in HL60 cells was obtained by flow cytometry, which indicated accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

A Glycosylated Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Produced In A Novel Protein Production System (Avi-014) In Healthy Subjects: A First-In Human, Single Dose, Controlled Study., Roslyn Varki, Ed Pequignot, Mark C Leavitt, Andres Ferber, Walter K Kraft

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: AVI-014 is an egg white-derived, recombinant, human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This healthy volunteer study is the first human investigation of AVI-014. METHODS: 24 male and female subjects received a single subcutaneous injection of AVI-014 at 4 or 8 mcg/kg. 16 control subjects received 4 or 8 mcg/kg of filgrastim (Neupogen, Amgen) in a partially blinded, parallel fashion. RESULTS: The Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) (90% CI) of 4 mcg/kg AVI-014/filgrastim AUC(0-72 hr) was 1.00 (0.76, 1.31) and Cmax was 0.86 (0.66, 1.13). At the 8 mcg/kg dose, the AUC(0-72) GMR was 0.89 (0.69, 1.14) and Cmax was 0.76 (0.58, …

Application Of Cross-Linked Rice Starches As Drug Delivery Matrices In Monolithic Tablets, Christopher F. Peluso, Fernanda O. Onofre, Ya-Jane Wang

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The sustained release properties of regular and waxy rice starches and their derivatives were studied in tablets. The starches were cross-linked to different levels with epichlorohydrin, and the sustained release properties, swelling power, and rheological characteristics of the matrices prepared were determined. Propranolol hydrochloride was used as a model drug. The sustained release properties of waxy rice starch improved with increasing cross-linking levels, whereas cross-linking had little impact on the functionality of regular rice starch matrices. There was an increase in swelling power for both regular and waxy rice starches as cross-linking levels increased. Both starches showed an increase in …