Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons^™

Beyond Mitragynine: Composition Survey And Stability Assessment Of Kratom Tea Ordered Via Food Delivery Platforms In Bangkok, Thailand, Yuta Tokuda, Apinya Tubtimrattana, Nat Tansrisawad, Kornvalee Meesilpavikkai, Parath Thirati

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Kratom is a native tree to Southeast Asia. Kratom leaves have long been used medicinally and recreationally due to their stimulative and opioid-like effects attributed to high endogenous levels of mitragynine and related alkaloids. Kratom is widely consumed as tea and is now publicly sold, including on food delivery platforms, after recent decriminalization despite selling of kratom products being still considered illegal by other acts.

Objectives: To assess the formulas of kratom teas sold on Thai food delivery platform together with their consistency and the stability of refrigerated teas.

Methods: Kratom alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, and additive contents of …

Smart Spectrophotometric Approaches For Estimation Of Difluprednate In Existence Of Its Synthetic Precursor And Alkaline Degradation Product; Comparative Statistical Studies And Analytical Ecological Appraisal, Heidi R. Abd El-Hadi, Basma M. Eltanany, Hala E. Zaazaa, Maya S. Eissa

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Scientists are currently attempting to lessen the harmful effects that chemicals and solvents have on the environment. The current work suggests four sensitive and sustainable spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying difluprednate (DIF) in presence of hydrocortisone acetate, which is a synthetic precursor of DIF, and in the presence of DIF alkaline degradation product. These methods are dual wavelength, fourier self-deconvolution, first derivative, and double divisor derivative ratio. The linearity range for all methods was 15.00-40.00 µg/mL. There is no statistically significant difference between established and reported methods, and the suggested strategies are more environmentally friendly than the reported one.

Genome-Wide Mutagenesis To Investigate The N-Terminal Methylome: The Protective Effects Of Hsp31 And Other Methylated Proteins In Yeast, James Rooney, Jacob Lindsey

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study was to understand the role of methylation in regulating the cellular stress response of Hsp31 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Hsp31 is known to be methylated by the N-terminal methyltransferase Tae1. Changing the methylation site can affect the methylation status of Hsp31, which may play a role in the protective activity of Hsp31 against cellular stress. GLO1 is a gene in yeast involved in catalyzing the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MGO), which is a by-product of glycolysis. We established that S. cerevisiae in the glo1Δ and background is sensitive to cellular stress by MGO. Mutant strains …

Molecular Docking Analysis Of Acanthus Ilicifolius Compounds Toward Cul4b-Ddb1-Ahr-Erα Complex Protein For Antiosteoporosis Discovery, Binar Asrining Dhiani, Sarmoko Sarmoko, Retno Wahyuningrum, Akbar Yulianto

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Osteoporosis represents a significant global public health issue, particularly among the aging population. Its incidence reaches 18.3% of the total population, with the highest prevalence observed in elderly postmenopausal women. A key factor in osteoporosis is the decreased expression level of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), attributed to its degradation by the ubiquitin ligase protein complex Cullin4B (CUL4B), DNA damage binding 1 (DDB1), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), collectively known as CUL4BAhR. Acanthus ilicifolius L contains compounds exhibiting antiosteoporosis activity, primarily by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via RANKL. However, no reports exist of antiosteoporosis agents that act by inhibiting ERα degradation via CUL4BAhR. …

Oral Dosages Of The Nsaid Aspirin Decreased The Growth Rate Of Species Found In The Human Gut Microbiome Including Akkermansia Muciniphila, Bacteroides Fragilis, Clostridium Sordellii, And Clostridium Difficile, Wyatt H. Greenbaum, Garrett J. Greenbaum, Anna Spiezio

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Over past few decades, new insight has been revealed in the scientific community about the importance of the human gut microbiome relating to general health. It is known that imbalances in the species that reside in the human gut can cause organism-wide problems in humans. When prescribing or injecting oral medications, the thought of the downstream effects on the gut microbiome are not always considered. By exposing known healthy members of the gut; Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium sordellii, and Clostridium difficile to the Aspirin, this study attempted to provide insight into the effects of the drug on bacterial growth. …

Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Effects Of Sea Urchin Spine Extract, Dina Magdy El Gamal

The Undergraduate Research Journal

Diadema savignyi spine extract in an experimental setup using L929 cell line in vitro. The cell metabolic activity of L929 cells is tested through an MTT assay. The sea urchin spine extract is applied to the cells in two concentrations: 100 μg/ml (136% viability) and 200 μg/ml (95% viability). The bioactive components of the sea urchin spine are identified via GC-MS, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are evaluated using catalase assay (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) tests. Results show that the GC-MS identified bioactive components including the anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant bisabolol oxide and the pro-inflammatory oleic acid. …

Encephalopathy Tango: When Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Waltz With Gaba Receptor, Ali Mohamed, Nagesh Jadhav, Mohamed Elbathani, Abubaker Farah

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Beta-lactam antibiotics are a class of drugs that are widely used to treat a variety of infections. They are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause a variety of side effects, including allergic reactions, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and neurotoxicity.

We present a patient who developed neurotoxicity after being treated with cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics. A 76-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with osteomyelitis of the right foot. She was initially treated with cefepime and daptomycin. She was discharged and then began to experience delirium with visual hallucinations and acute kidney injury. After common causes of confusion were excluded, the …

Synthesis Of Ferrous Fumarate From Indonesian Iron Sand And In Vivo Body Weight Gain Test In Rats, Taufiq Indra Rukmana, Felicia Natalia Kurniadi, Harmita Harmita

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a health problem in Indonesia. Prevention and treatment of IDA is carried out by giving fortified foods and oral iron therapy. Both can use ferrous fumarate which is made with reacting bivalent iron and disodium fumarate. Bivalent iron can be obtained from iron sand in Indonesia. This study aims to synthesize ferrous fumarate from Indonesian iron sand, which is from Malang, Sukabumi, and Cianjur area, and to determine its absorption through in vivo body weight gain test in male Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). First, ferrous fumarate was synthesized through reaction of ferrous …

Anti-Factor Xa Level Monitoring For Enoxaparin Prophylaxis And Treatment In High-Risk Patient Groups, Lucie Sikes, Kipson Charles, Abigail Antigua, Rima Patel, Selina Imboywa, Pheba Cherian

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Monitoring anti-factor Xa levels is a controversial topic in the inpatient setting due to resource utilization and unclear conditional guideline recommendations regarding this practice. Enoxaparin dosing in certain high-risk patient populations such as those with low body weight, obesity, renal insufficiency, and pregnancy has not been determined. The objective of this review was to assess the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin monitoring via anti-factor Xa levels in high-risk patient populations.

The PubMed database was searched for articles related to low-molecular-weight heparin monitoring. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses that evaluated the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin prophylaxis and treatment in patients …

Prostate Imaging Reporting And Data System Score (Pi-Rads) And Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Methylation Status (Gst-P1) In The Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer Patients With Borderline Psa Values, Marius Stan, Vladimir Botnarciuc, Andra Iulia Suceveanu, Andreea Cristina Costea, Adrian Paul Suceveanu, Laura Mazilu, Ciprian Iorga, Tony Hangan, Corneliu Tudor, Dragos Epistatu, Sergiu Chirila, Viorel Gherghina, Felix Voinea

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Objectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of Prostate Imaging – Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS) in combination with Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1) expression for an improved diagnosis of prostate cancer, in patients with inconclusive values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 80 patients for whom PSA values were evaluated and were found to be inconclusive (4-10 ng/ml). These patients underwent imagistic evaluation (PI-RADS), followed by transurethral prostate biopsy, with the evaluation of GST-P1 expression and histopathological examination (for diagnosis confirmation). Results. By combining the results of …

Novel Drugs Approved In 2021-2022, Michael Do, Bona Shin, Elaina Lioudis, Emaleigh Munn

Transformative Medicine (T-Med)

This article provides an abbreviated overview of the newly Federal Drug Administration (FDA)approved novel drugs of 2021-2022 with their respective approved indication(s). The FDA serves as the governing body that regularly evaluates and approves medications that will eventually be introduced to the market for routine use. These medications include both drugs that are the same or related to previously approved products (e.g., Extended indications of priorly approved medications) and novel drugs. By definition, a novel drug is an innovative product which serves to improve quality care in patient populations with unmet or advanced medical needs to overall advance patient care …

10-Minute Ebd: Stimulant Medications, Rampant Caries, And Prevention, Madison Thomas Bs, Nancy Poznick Dds, Melanie E. Mayberry Dds, Ms-Hcm

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The 10-Minute Evidence-Based Dentistry Column illustrates how to implement the evidence-based dentistry search process to quickly identify and apply the best literature to answer a clinical question. Through critical appraisal, the author of this article answers the clinical question of a connection between stimulant medications, rampant caries, and prevention, with a focus on the impact of ADHD medication on oral health. The term "meth mouth" often associated with dental decay is discussed in the context of xerostomia (dry mouth), a common side effect of stimulant medications. The article uses the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) system to formulate a research …

Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Makara Journal of Science

Jatropha tanjorensis is among the rich floras of Southeast Nigeria and used by ethnic people to treat infections and manage health conditions. Ethnomedicine has long been employed in the treatment of ailments caused by bacterial pathogens. Studies showed that the incorporation of synthetic α-tocopherol to an antibacterial agent improves its activity. However, knowledge about the antibacterial-enhanced activity of plant-based α-tocopherols, especially those isolated from Jatropha tanjorensis, is limited because of the different bioactivities of synthetic and natural α-tocopherols. To determine the phytochemicals in J. tanjorensis, we carried out the structural elucidation of its leaf extracts. Naringenin and α-tocopherol …

Acetaminophen, A Therapeutic Or An Extremely Toxic Remedy – A Review, Genica Caragea, Oana Avram, Andreea Pauna, Andreea Cristina Costea, Miruna Tudosie

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

When a new coronavirus appeared in the late 2019, identified as the cause of several cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Paracetamol was initially reported to be the preferable antipyretic medication, choice which was detrimental to the use of other drugs. People have resorted to buying large stocks of Paracetamol and some have used it in large doses, regardless of the consequences. However, the Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) overdose remains the leading cause of death or transplantation due to acute liver failure in many parts of the world. This review aims at presenting the pharmacokinetics, the clinical signs, and the risk factors for …

Daclizumab (Zinbryta®): An Emerging Therapy For The Treatment Of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Morgan Homan, Sunitha Jones, Michaela Louden, Molly Wheeler, Anh Dao Le, Lindsey Peters

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath, causing axonal damage which leads to debilitating symptoms. Most therapies for the treatment of MS, including daclizumab, primarily target relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a form of MS where patients experience periods of exacerbated symptoms as well as intermittent periods of remission. Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is administered as a once monthly subcutaneous injection. The SELECT trilogy of trials have been instrumental in providing safety and efficacy data for daclizumab. The DECIDE study was the first randomized controlled …

“Hiccups” With Covid-19 Management, Yong W. Lee, Jacob Psomiadis, Sarah Akbani, Marvin Lopez-Medal, Aisha Miller

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Hiccups, medically referred as singultus, is a condition that results from involuntary contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Singultus is usually a self-limiting condition which typically lasts less than 48 hours but in rare cases, can persist greater than 48 hours. This is a case of a 48 year-old male who was prescribed dexamethasone for COVID-19 but developed intractable singultus for two weeks. Patient was unable to tolerate diet due to intractable singultus leading to vomiting. He underwent various non-pharmacological maneuvers and pharmacotherapy without resolution. Dexamethasone- induced hiccups have been reported as an under recognized side effect of dexamethasone. …

Discovery Of Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives Dually Targeting Inflammation And Proliferation In Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: In-Silico Drug Design Approach, Zahra Kassem, Raghida Bou Merhi, Doaa Issa

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Elimination of inflammation represents a promising strategy for cancer prevention and treatment since cancer and inflammation are related. The combined use of anti-inflammatory agents and cancer therapy is a focal point. In this frame, pyrazolopyridine derivatives DZ-BAU2021-6 and DZ-BAU2021-14, developed in BAU Labs, having promising anti-proliferative activity on colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT-29 with notable IC50 values and remarkable CDK2 inhibitory effect, were in-silico tested. As an approach to dual anti-inflammatory anticancer potential, their binding modes and energies on the active site of crystalline structure of CDK2 and COX2, (1HCK and 3LN1), respectively were explored. Their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic …

Insights Into Molecular Interaction Of Flavonoid Compounds In Citrus Peel Bound To Collagenase And Elastase Enzymes: A Computational Study, Sani Ega Priani, Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Citrus peels contain various phytochemical active compounds such as flavonoids that are useful for antiaging cosmetic products. This study was conducted to identify the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities of flavonoid compounds in citrus peel and to determine the molecular interaction mechanism using the molecular docking method. The study was carried out through several stages, including preparation of enzyme macromolecules, preparation of flavonoid compound molecules, validation of molecular docking, identification of binding-free energy, visualization of interaction conformations, and predictions of molecular skin toxicity. The result showed that the flavonoid compounds in citrus peel (hesperidin, naringin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) could bind to …

Oral Bisacodyl Is Effective And Safe For Short Term Treatment Of Chronic Constipation, Akanksha Vaishnav

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using

Kamm MA, Mueller-Lissner S, Wald A, Richter E, Swallow R, Gessner U. Oral bisacodyl is effective and well-tolerated in patients with chronic constipation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(7):577-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.026

to evaluate potential long term treatment with oral Bisacodyl in a patient with a history of chronic constipation and recent non-surgical treatment of ischemic colitis.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (Ndma) Contamination Of Ranitidine Products: A Review Of Recent Findings, Fahad S. Aldawsari, Yahya M. Alshehri, Thamer S. Alghamdi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ranitidine is a medication that has been used to alleviate heartburn and other disorders for over 40 years. Following reports of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) contamination in ranitidine products, there have been many recalls and registration suspensions. Here, we revise the literature information confirming ranitidine association with NDMA. Then, we highlight the documented mechanisms for NDMA release from ranitidine. In addition, the stability issue for this medicine is discussed. After that, we review and discuss the results of the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration laboratory testing of ranitidine products and the detected NDMA levels. Finally, …

Evaluation Of Antipsychotic Activity Of Ethanolic Bark Extract Of Myrica Esculenta In Rats, Biswash Sapkota, Ankit Acharya, Bishal Dangi, Annegowda Hv

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The antipsychotic properties of Myrica esculenta stem bark were evaluated. The stem bark was collected, shade dried, and pulverized. Extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol by occasional shaking. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was investigated in this study. Antipsychotic activity was evaluated against apomorphine-induced stereotypy using cook’s pole climbing apparatus and haloperidol-induced catalepsy models. Bioamine determination of noradrenaline and dopamine was also performed. The extract contains phytochemicals, including glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, proteins, saponins, phenolics, and tannins. The result showed decreased apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior. This study reported significant dose-dependent potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats and a longer …

Rethinking Fda Regulation Of Complex Products, Philip E. Alford

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Cannabidiol And ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentration On Breast Cancer Cell Viability, Dorothy Achiaa Agyemang

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids that have a potential impact in cancer treatments. Studies have shown that certain cannabinoids cause cancer cells to die, but only with selective concentrations, which have not been well documented. The first study of this thesis was to determine the exact concentration of CBD and THC needed to kill human MCF-7 breast cancer cells rather than create mass multiplication leading to more growth of the cancer. To conduct this experiment, cell culture was performed with a MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The treatment groups were treated with CBD or THC at varying concentrations …

Dermaseptin-Based Antiviral Peptides To Prevent Covid-19 Through In Silico Molecular Docking Studies Against Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein, Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

A pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The search for new drugs, especially by utilizing antiviral peptides is a very potential area. Through this study, protein-peptide docking and protein-protein docking simulations were conducted using in silico methods to identify, evaluate, and explore the molecular affinity and interaction of dermaseptin peptide molecules produced by frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein macromolecule, and its effect on attachment to the surface of the ACE-2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2) receptor. …

Imatinib-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis – A Literature Review And Case Report, Olga Hilda Orasan, Andreea Maria Stefan, Iulia Minciuna, Adela Sitar-Taut, George Ciulei, Simina Tarmure, Ioana Para, Flaviu Muresan, Ovidiu Fabian, Sorina Cezara Coste, Vasile Negrean, Angela Cozma, Laura Urian

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Imatinib is generally well tolerated, with mild common side effects such as nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, muscle cramps, fatigue, skin rash and edema; however, pulmonary complications are uncommon. A 73-year-old woman undergoing one month treatment with Imatinib for chronic myeloid neoplasm associated with eosinophilia was admitted for sudden alteration of her performance status, dyspnea at rest and productive cough. On clinical examination, the patient was hypoxic (oxygen saturation on room air was 87%), and auscultation of her lungs revealed diffuse bilateral fine crackles. Computed tomography showed bilateral pulmonary interstitial syndrome. Imatinib was discontinued and the patient received systemic corticosteroid therapy …

The Effect Of Cyp3a5 Polymorphism On Kidney Transplant Recipients Given Tacrolimus, Samia Alam, Sunitha Johns, Haval Norman, Brian Heilbronner, Yousif Rojeab

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant agent indicated for organ transplants, is commonly administered to reduce the risk of renal graft rejection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to its narrow therapeutic index and high inter-patient variability, studies have suggested that CYP3A5-based dosing provides specialized regimens which may significantly improve the chances of achieving therapeutic concentrations. According to the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) recommendations, extensive (CYP3A5*1/*1) and intermediate metabolizers (CYP3A5*1/*3) require a higher initial dose while poor metabolizers (CYP3A5*3/*3) require a lower initial dose in order to achieve target tacrolimus concentrations. Studies concluded that …

Medication Overdoses In The Emergency Department: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Atypical Antipsychotic Agents, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, And Digoxin, Brooke Marlowe, Tara Tokar, Kayti Kintner, Kelsey Fink, Grant Walliser

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

The number of medication toxicities has been steadily increasing with more patients presenting to the emergency department for both intentional and unintentional overdoses. Oral hypoglycemics, atypical antipsychotics, betablockers, calcium channel blockers and digoxin overdoses are some of the more common medication toxicities health care professionals may see in practice. Toxic doses of oral hypoglycemic agents, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and digoxin have more definitive options for treatment, while atypical antipsychotic overdoses are managed with supportive care. Pharmacists in particular play a pivotal role in identifying presenting symptoms and recommending appropriate treatment options in toxicological emergencies.

Understanding The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Alcohol And Long-Acting Opioids, Emily Blum, Brittany Crowe, Tanya Wilsmann, Heather Helsel, David Kisor

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

In response to the fatal interaction of alcohol with extended-release hydromorphone, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a class-wide Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for extended-release (ER) and long-acting (LA) opioid analgesics in July 2012. Due to the rising concern of dose-dumping effects, it is important for pharmacists to understand the pharmacokinetic interaction between two of the most commonly prescribed LA opioids (oxycodone and morphine) and alcohol. Clinical trials have looked at the pharmacokinetic profile of these long-acting formulations in conjunction with alcohol, and the results have varied depending on the formulation. For this reason, it is …

Development Of An Imaging Analysis Algorithm For Fluorescence-Based High Content Screening In Parkinson’S Disease, Ryan Arlinghaus

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

A Pharmacological Model Of Trpa1-Mediated Nociception In Zebrafish For Therapeutic Discovery, Emre Coskun

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.