Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons^™

Evaluation Of The Physical Properties And In Vitro Safety Of Chitosan-Quercus Infectoria Topical Gel, Rani Naga Rakshitha Tillapudi

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Due to ongoing inflammation, inadequate blood flow, oxidative stress, and reduced tissue regeneration, chronic diabetic wounds heal slowly, which is a serious health concern. It is important to examine novel strategies that tackle these issues because conventional treatments frequently fail. Therefore, this study examined the physical properties and biocompatibility of a novel topical gel formulated with chitosan and Quercus infectoria gall extract.

Over 28 days, pH, spreadability, texture, homogeneity, color, and drug concentration were assessed. UV-visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis were used to establish chemical stability. The MTT assay was used to test its safety in human dermal fibroblast adult …

Nanocomposite Mediated Delivery Of 5-Fluorouracil Using Silver Nanoparticles To Promote Wound Healing, Kamal Nath Kasi

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Chronic wounds, particularly in diabetic patients, remain a significant clinical challenge due to the complex interaction of persistent infection, chronic inflammation, and impaired cellular regeneration. Conventional drug therapies often fail to achieve effective treatment due to rapid drug degradation, poor targeting, and localized toxicity. This study explores a nanotechnology-based approach by developing and evaluating 5-FU loaded AgNP (AgNP–5FU) as a controlled drug delivery system. AgNP (AgNP) were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, particle size, and zeta potential analysis, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested possible interaction between 5-FU and the …

Development And In Vitro Characterization Of 5-Fluorouracil–Loaded Plga Nanoparticles For Controlled Drug Delivery, Kavya Yandapalli

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and chronic inflammation. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. The objective of this study is to formulate and characterize 5-FU–loaded PLGA nanoparticles and evaluate their in vitro performance. 5-FU–loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and SEM. Drug encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and in vitro drug release studies were conducted. The formulated nanoparticles exhibited sizes within the …

Developing Curcumin Analogues For Treating Breast Cancer, Tulasi Laxmi Nutalapati

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Breast cancer is still one of the most common types of cancer and one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women around the world. Despite significant advances in early detection and treatment strategies, drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and poor outcomes in aggressive subtypes continue to limit the overall effectiveness of cancer therapy. Natural compounds have become promising anticancer agents because they can target many different things and are not very toxic. Curcumin has shown promise as an anticancer drug, but it cannot be used in the clinic because it does not absorb well, breaks down quickly, and …

In Vivo Evaluation Of Novel Nanoparticles And Repurposed Pharmaceuticals To Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, Sarah E. Evans

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In a 2019 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), infections resistant to antibiotic treatment amount to about three million infections and 48,000 deaths. Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global threat as existing antibiotics lose efficacy over time. The project described is focused on partnering with pharmaceutical researchers and producers to test new nanoparticle-based or repurposed compounds. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that pharmaceutical formulations such as nanoparticles may provide a cost-effective means of combating the emerging antimicrobial resistance. The nanoparticle compounds allowed for a wide range of customization for the pharmaceutical design, since the …

Evaluation Of Disulfiram And Derivatives As Antimicrobial Adjuvants, Surya Bhaskar Karuturi

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Disulfiram (Antabuse) is an oral drug used for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Previous studies showed that disulfiram has antibiotic activity on multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here disulfiram was further evaluated for its ability to increase the potency of existing antimicrobials against the bacteria and yeast by acting as a drug adjuvant. Microbial cultures were treated with antibiotic or antifungal drugs in combination with disulfiram and its derivatives to determine whether potency is increased. The structure activity relationship (SAR) of disulfiram analogs was assessed against a triazole resistant Aspergillus panel. It showed that the shorter chained analogs of disulfiram are more potent …

Increasing The Efficacy Of Actinomycin D With Resveratrol In Aerodigestive Tract Cancers, Lukmon Morenikeji Raji

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Chemotherapy poses a significant challenge for cancer patients due to drug-associated toxicity, which often results from their effects on both healthy (normal) and cancerous cells. While various options aim to reduce toxicity and optimize beneficial effects, a comprehensive solution remains elusive. Cyclotherapy is one such approach developed to protect normal cells from the toxic effects of chemotherapy drugs. The basic principle underlying cyclotherapy is p53- dependent cell cycle arrest of normal cells while killing cancer cells via a p53-independent mechanism using a second drug. In our research, we investigated the inhibitory effects of a combination of two low-dose anticancer drugs, …

Effects Of Disulfiram On The Metabolome Of Mrsa, Surya Teja Naidu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Disulfiram, known as Antabuse®, is an oral drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Previous studies have indicated that disulfiram (DSF) exhibits antibacterial effects, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our study delves into the antibacterial mechanism of DSF in MRSA through High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) metabolomics, investigating the underlying mechanism of DSF effects on thiamine and amino acid metabolism. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) plays a crucial role as a cofactor for critical enzymes such as transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. These enzymes are integral to the carbohydrate metabolism process within bacterial cells. TPP also contributes …

Drug Delivery Systems: Exploring Rheological Properties And Therapeutic Effect Of 5-Fu Chitosan Gel For Topical Wound Healing, Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Diabetic skin wound is a common complication of diabetes that occurs in about 15% of diabetic patients and often requires prolonged hospitalization for its management and treatment. Natural polymers are used for wound dressing due to their biological adhesiveness, non-toxicity, and biodegradable nature. 5-Fluorouracil (FU) has been shown to alter adipokine expression which is implicated in cutaneous wound repair. Thus, our overall objective was to investigate the utility of chitosan (CS) gel for topical delivery of 5-FU to treat diabetic wounds. We prepared chitosan gel (2% w/w) in serial dilutions of 5-FU (25μg/mL, 2.5μg/mL, 0.25μg/mL, and 0.025μg/mL) and evaluated their …

Mechanisms Of Apoptosis Induced By Actinomycin D In Aerodigestive Tract Cancers, Adeoluwa Ayodeji Adeluola

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Upper aerodigestive tract cancers including cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and lungs are the most prevalent cancers and leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Collectively, over 300,000 new cases and 146,500 deaths are projected within the US in the year 2021. Drug-associated toxicities, as well as resistance to therapy (intrinsic and acquired), are big challenges for successfully treating these cancers. Recent studies have shown that combining low-dose actinomycin D with existing therapies is a promising strategy to reduce toxicity (cyclotherapy) and to overcome resistance. The development of these treatment strategies however requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms …