Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Follow Up Blood Cultures On Outcomes Of Patients With Community-Onset Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection, Rajiv Amipara, Hana Rac Winders, Julie Ann Justo, P Brandon Bookstaver, Joseph Kohn, Majdi N. Al-Hasan

Faculty Publications

Background: The role of follow up blood cultures (FUBC) in the management of gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study examines the association between obtaining FUBC and mortality in GN-BSI.

Methods: Hospitalized adults with community-onset GN-BSI at Prisma Health-Midlands hospitals in South Carolina, USA from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015 were identified. Patients who died or were discharged from hospital within 72 h were excluded to minimize impact of survival and selection biases on results, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine association between obtaining FUBC and 28-day all-cause mortality after adjustment …

March / April 2021, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

Rural Rocks, the Rural Health Network newsletter by the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Genetic Mechanisms Of Transcriptional Regulation In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Xujie Zhao

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction. Advances in genomic profiling and sequencing studies have identified germline and somatic variations that are associated with childhood ALL, improving our understanding of the genetic basis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified germline genetic variations of ARID5B and, more recently, IGF2BP1 that are associated with susceptibility to ALL. Genome-wide sequencing studies also discovered a new ALL subtype characterized of ZNF384-mediated chromosomal translocations, providing new insights into genetic heterogeneity in childhood ALL. However, the underlying mechanism by which these genetic variants contribute to the transcriptional regulatory circuitries of ALL is still poorly understood. …

Methamphetamine-Induced Changes In Myocardial Gene Transcription Are Sex-Dependent, Hasitha Chavva, Daniel A. Brazeau, James Denvir, Donald A. Primerano, Jun Fan, Sarah L. Seeley, Boyd R. Rorabaugh

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Background: Prior work demonstrated that female rats (but not their male littermates) exposed to methamphetamine become hypersensitive to myocardial ischemic injury. Importantly, this sex-dependent effect persists following 30 days of subsequent abstinence from the drug, suggesting that it may be mediated by long term changes in gene expression that are not rapidly reversed following discontinuation of methamphetamine use. The goal of the present study was to determine whether methamphetamine induces sex-dependent changes in myocardial gene expression and whether these changes persist following subsequent abstinence from methamphetamine.

Results: Methamphetamine induced changes in the myocardial transcriptome were significantly greater in female hearts …

Panaxynol’S Pharmacokinetic Properties And Its Mechanism Of Action In Treating Ulcerative Colitis, Hossam Sami Tashkandi

Theses and Dissertations

Panaxynol (PA) is a polyacetylene that was found to be an abundant active ingredient in American ginseng (AG). Pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of PA were conducted to determine how the body reacts to it by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure PA’s concentration. In vitro, PA’s clearance by microsome metabolism is a moderate 48.1 minutes. In vivo, CD-1® mice were treated with PA by intravenous (IV) injection or orally (PO). Concentrations of PA were measured in plasma and tissue using LC-MS/MS. Also, PA has a high bioavailability of 50.4% and a moderate half-life of 5.9 hours. In addition, mice …

Design And Synthesis Of Macrocyclic Peptide Braf-Wt Dimerization Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Metastatic Melanoma, Chad Mulloy Beneker

Theses and Dissertations

In cases of metastatic melanoma, BRAF is frequently mutated to the V600E oncoprotein causing uncontrolled cell proliferation driven by the MAPK-ERK pathway. There are several BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, which are FDA approved, but patients treated with these Type-I kinase inhibitors frequently observe relapse under mutant RAS and BRAF-wt conditions due to paradoxical activation. The mechanism of this resistance occurs through binding of the inhibitor to BRAF-wt initiating conformational changes which leads to BRAF dimerization. Once in the dimerized state, the inhibited monomer induces allosteric transactivation of the second monomer. This drug-induced activation of BRAF in cells with mutant …

Pharmacological Blockade Of The 20-Hete Receptor Lowers Blood Pressure And Alters Vascular Function In Mice With Vascular Smooth Muscle- Specific Overexpression Of Cyp4a12-20-Hete Synthase, Kevin Agostinucci

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is the ω-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by CYP4A and 4F enzymes. 20-HETE is a vasoactive eicosanoid of the microcirculation exhibiting effects on both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC). In VSMCs, 20-HETE’s bioactions include the stimulation of contraction, migration, and growth. In ECs, elevated 20-HETE is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression, and the promotion of inflammation. Recently in our laboratory, we identified GPR75 as a novel target of 20-HETE that promotes changes in blood pressure and vascular function. The aim of this study is …

Efficacy And Safety Of Vancomycin Loading Doses In Critically Ill Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection, Alexander H. Flannery, Katie L. Wallace, Christian N. Rhudy, Allison S. Olmsted, Rachel C. Minrath, Stuart M. Pope, Aaron M. Cook, David S. Burgess, Peter E. Morris

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background: While vancomycin loading doses may facilitate earlier pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic target attainment, the impact of loading doses on clinical outcomes remains understudied. Critically ill patients are at highest risk of morbidity and mortality from methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and hypothesized to most likely benefit from a loading dose. We sought to determine the association between receipt of a vancomycin loading dose and clinical outcomes in a cohort of critically ill adults.

Methods: Four hundred and forty-nine critically ill patients with MRSA cultures isolated from blood or respiratory specimens were eligible for the study. Cohorts were established by receipt of …

Variations In Schedule Iii Prescription Patterns In A Medicaid Population Pre- And Post-Policy, Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Jeffery C. Talbert, Craig S. Miller, Jeffrey Ebersole

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

The present study investigated variations in patient movement patterns between prescribers before and after House Bill 1 (HB1) implementation in Kentucky using network abstractions (PPN: prescriber-prescriber networks) from a one-month cross-sectional Schedule III prescription data in a Medicaid population. Network characteristics such as degree centrality distribution of PPN was positively skewed and revealed Dental Practitioners to be the highly connected specialty with opioid analgesic hydrocodone-acetaminophen to be the most commonly prescribed drug. Taxonomy enrichment of the prescriber specialties in PPN using chi-square test revealed a reduction in the enriched taxonomies Post-HB1 compared to Pre-HB1 with Dental practitioners being constitutively enriched …

Predisposing, Enabling, And Need Factors Associated With The Choice Of Pharmacy Type In The Us: Findings From The 2015/2016 National Consumer Survey On The Medication Experience And Pharmacists’ Roles, Mohamed Rashrash, Suhila Sawesi, Jon C. Schommer, Lawrence M. Brown

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Knowing the type of pharmacy used by the patient is meaningful to the pharmacist. Previous studies have assessed different factors predicting the kind of pharmacy selection and reached inconsistent findings. Objectives: To identify patient and health-related factors associated with pharmacy type selection. Methods: The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Service Use was used to organize the selection of patient characteristics and categorize them as predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The dependent variable was the type of pharmacy used. Logistic regression was used to predict the association between patient-related characteristics and the type of pharmacy used. Results: Older age respondents …

A Survey Report On The Current State Of Quality Risk Management (Qrm) And Knowledge Management (Km) Integration, Martin Lipa, Kevin O'Donnell, Anne Greene

Level 3

As part of research to better define and improve the integration between quality risk management (QRM) and knowledge management (KM) as dual enablers of an effective pharmaceutical quality system, a survey was conducted in February 2021 to explore this relationship. The survey explored the current state relationship in theory and in practice, solicited feedback on a proposed framework, the Risk-Knowledge Infinity Cycle, to improve the connection between QRM and KM, associated benefits and potential actions to make progress in this regard. The results suggest QRM and KM are highly interdependent in theory but much less so in practice. Further, …

Drug-Drug Interactions In Subjects Enrolled In Swog Trials Of Oral Chemotherapy, Lauren A. Marcath, Colin M. Finley, Siu Fun Wong, Daniel L. Hertz

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI), which can increase treatment toxicity or decrease efficacy. It is especially important to thoroughly screen DDI in oncology clinical trial subjects to ensure trial subject safety and data accuracy. This study determined the prevalence of potential DDI involving oral anti-cancer trial agents in subjects enrolled in two SWOG clinical trials.

Methods

Completed SWOG clinical trials of commercially available agents with possible DDI that had complete concomitant medication information available at enrollment were included. Screening for DDI was conducted through three methods: protocol-guided screening, Lexicomp® screening, and pharmacist determination …

Data For "Subtype-Selective Positive Modulation Of Sk Channels Depends On The Ha/Hb Helices", Miao Zhang, Meng Cui

Pharmacy Faculty Data Sets

In the activated state of small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium (SK) channels, calmodulin interacts with the HA/HB helices and the S4-S5 linker. CyPPA potentiates SK2a and SK3 channel activity but not the SK1 and IK subtypes. Here, we report that the subtype-selectivity of CyPPA relies on the HA/HB helices. Mutating residues in the HA (V420) and HB (K467) helices of SK2a channels to their equivalent residues in IK channels diminished the potency of CyPPA. CyPPA elicited prominent responses on mutant IK channels with an arginine residue in the HB helix substituted for its equivalent lysine residue in the SK2a channels …

How Well Can We Assess The Validity Of Non-Randomised Studies Of Medications? A Systematic Review Of Assessment Tools, Elvira D'Andrea, Lydia Vinals, Elisabetta Patorno, Jessica M. Franklin, Dimitri Bennett, Joan A. Largent, Daniela C. Moga, Hongbo Yuan, Xuerong Wen, Andrew R. Zullo, Thomas P. A. Debray, Grammati Sarri

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether assessment tools for non-randomised studies (NRS) address critical elements that influence the validity of NRS findings for comparative safety and effectiveness of medications.

DESIGN: Systematic review and Delphi survey.

DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, Google, bibliographies of reviews and websites of influential organisations from inception to November 2019. In parallel, we conducted a Delphi survey among the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology Comparative Effectiveness Research Special Interest Group to identify key methodological challenges for NRS of medications. We created a framework consisting of the reported methodological challenges to evaluate the selected NRS tools.

STUDY SELECTION: Checklists …

Virtually Escaping A Challenging Semester, Ashley Barbo

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

In 2019, a novel escape room activity was developed for students enrolled in a pharmacy practice laboratory course at the University of Louisiana Monroe College of Pharmacy. Due to COVID-19, students in the Spring of 2020 were unable to attend classes in person. All labs were transitioned to an online format. Faculty were able to successfully create a virtual version of the escape room lab activity utilizing multiple technology platforms. Development of this virtual lab activity allowed students to complete advanced pharmacy practice skills assessments in a fun and engaging learning environment.

Key words: escape room, virtual, pharmacy laboratory, active …

Adapting During A Pandemic: Using Ethics Of Care And Cosmopolitanism To Train Graduate Students During The Covid-19 Crisis, Jennifer Whited, Anne Marie Sisk

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

The COVID-19 crisis impacted university clinics in numerous devastating ways. Educators across the world have had to completely retool their approaches to training students in a clinical setting. The authors describe two overall approaches they adapted to guide new ways of training students, as well as three practical strategies they used to implement quality instruction.

Categorization Of Marketed Artificial Tear Formulations Based On Their Ingredients: A Rational Approach For Their Use, Avani Kathuria, Kiumars Shamloo, Vishal Jhanji, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial tears are the first line therapy for the management of dry eye disease. Artificial tear formulations contain a variety of active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and preservatives. Many of these formulations are also available as preservative-free. This study was conducted to inspect artificial tear formulations currently marketed in the United States for their active ingredients, biologically relevant excipients, and preservatives. The marketed artificial tears were examined at various US retail pharmacy chains and using the manufacturers’ website to compile information about active ingredients, inactive ingredients, and …

Downregulation Of Mmp1 Expression Mediates The Anti-Aging Activity Of Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract Nanoformulation In Uv Induced Photoaging In Mice, Dalia Attia, Reham Amer, Shahira Ezzat, Nora Aborehab, Mai Ragab, Dalia Mohamed, Amira Hashad, Maha Salama, Mahitab El Bishbishy

Pharmacy

Aging of the skin is a complicated bioprocess that is affected by constant exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. The application of herbal-based anti-aging creams is still the best choice for treatment. In the present study, Citrus sinensis L. fruit peels ethanolic extract (CSPE) was formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) anti-aging cream. Eight different formulations of CSEP-LNPs were prepared and optimized using 23 full factorial designs. In vivo antiaging effect of the best formula was tested in Swiss albino mice where photo-aging was induced by exposure to UV radiation. HPLC-QToF-MS/MS metabolic profiling of CSPE led to the identification of twenty-nine metabolites. CSPE …

Correction To Some Statements About Aluminum In Sulaiman Et Al., Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Public Opinion Regarding Government Response To Covid-19: Case Study Of A Large Commercial City In Nigeria, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Sorochi Iloanusi, Osaro Mgbere, Nchebe-Jah Raymond Iloanusi, Anthony Idowu Ajayi, Ekere James Essien

Faculty Publications

Introduction: government measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be effective without widespread compliance by the public. A greater understanding of citizens' perceptions of these measures can help government agencies adapt their strategies to boost compliance. We examined citizens' perceptions of government's measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and its implications on compliance using data from Onitsha city, Anambra State Nigeria.

Methods: data was obtained through in-person interviews of 140 consenting adults in March 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results: most participants (84.7%) doubted government's ability to manage the COVID-19 outbreak, raising concerns about …

Anti‑Estrogenic And Anti‑Aromatase Activities Of Citrus Peels Major Compounds In Breast Cancer, Maha Salama, Dina Mahmoud Elkersh, Shahira M. Ezzat, Yasmeen Attiaa, Engy A. Mahrous, Mohey Elmazar

Pharmacy

Estrogen signaling is crucial for breast cancer initiation and progression. Endocrine-based therapies comprising estrogen receptor (ER) modulators and aromatase inhibitors remain the mainstay of treatment. This study aimed at investigating the antitumor potential of the most potent compounds in citrus peels on breast cancer by exploring their anti-estrogenic and anti-aromatase activities. The ethanolic extract of different varieties of citrus peels along with eight isolated flavonoids were screened against estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines besides normal cells for evaluating their safety profile. Naringenin, naringin and quercetin demonstrated the lowest IC50s and were therefore selected for further assays. In silico molecular modeling …

Novel Uplc-Ms/Ms Method For Standardization Of Niazimicin Content In Edible Seeds And Leaves Of Moringa Oleifera Lam., Eman M. Abdelsayed, Amira Abdel Motaal, Rasha S. Hanafi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Moringa oleifera (MO) is a highly nutritious plant, whose leaves and seed pods are consumed in Africa, Asia, sub-Himalayan regions and South America. A novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the standardization of the bioactive thiocarbamate compound from MO, niazimicin (NZ) in seeds and leaves, is developed, optimized and validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, using desipramine as the internal standard. Multiple reaction monitoring detection of transitions 358.05>106.86 and 266.38 > 193.04 with collision energy of 25V and 40V, respectively were used. A gradient was optimized at 35-55%B …

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (Ndma) Contamination Of Ranitidine Products: A Review Of Recent Findings, Fahad S. Aldawsari, Yahya M. Alshehri, Thamer S. Alghamdi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ranitidine is a medication that has been used to alleviate heartburn and other disorders for over 40 years. Following reports of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) contamination in ranitidine products, there have been many recalls and registration suspensions. Here, we revise the literature information confirming ranitidine association with NDMA. Then, we highlight the documented mechanisms for NDMA release from ranitidine. In addition, the stability issue for this medicine is discussed. After that, we review and discuss the results of the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration laboratory testing of ranitidine products and the detected NDMA levels. Finally, …

The Bioactivities Of Resveratrol And Its Naturally Occurring Derivatives On Skin, Ming-Hsien Lin, Chi-Feng Hung, Hsin-Ching Sung, Shih-Chun Yang, Huang-Ping Yu, Jia-You Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Resveratrol has been extensively reported as a potential compound to treat some skin disorders, including skin cancer, photoaging, allergy, dermatitis, melanogenesis, and microbial infection. There has been an increasing interest in the discovery of cosmetic application using resveratrol as the active ingredient because of its anti-aging and skin lightening activities. The naturally occurring derivatives of resveratrol also exert a beneficial effect on the skin. There are four groups of resveratrol derivatives, including hydroxylated compounds, methoxylated compounds, glycosides, and oligomers. The major mechanism of resveratrol and its derivatives for attenuating cutaneous neoplasia, photoaging and inflammation, are related with its antioxidative activity …

Aerosolized In Vivo 3d Localization Of Nose-To-Brain Nanocarrier Delivery Using Multimodality Neuroimaging In A Rat Model—Protocol Development, Michael C. Veronesi, Brian D. Graner, Shih-Hsun Cheng, Marta Zamora, Hamideh Zarrinmayeh, Chin-Tu Chen, Sudip K. Das, Michael W. . Vannier

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

The fate of intranasal aerosolized radiolabeled polymeric micellar nanoparticles (LPNPs) was tracked with positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging in a rat model to measure nose-to-brain delivery. A quantitative temporal and spatial testing protocol for new radio-nanotheranostic agents was sought in vivo. LPNPs labeled with a zirconium 89 (89Zr) PET tracer were administered via intranasal or intravenous delivery, followed by serial PET/CT imaging. After 2 h of continuous imaging, the animals were sacrificed, and the brain substructures (olfactory bulb, forebrain, and brainstem) were isolated. The activity in each brain region was measured for comparison with the corresponding PET/CT region of …

Fluorescence Spectroscopy For The Determination Of Reconstitution Time Of An In-Vial Lyophilised Product, Khaled Elkassas, Krishnakumar Chullipalliyalil, Michael Mcauliffe, Sonja Vucen, Abina Crean

Cappa Publications

Lyophilisation is a prominent technique used to create stabilised, dried forms of biopharmaceutical formulations. Reconstitution of lyophilised parenteral formulations is a key step prior to patient administration. The accurate determination of reconstitution time is a necessity to aid formulation development and support product quality control. Traditional methods for quantifying reconstitution time involve the visual identification of the endpoint, which has led to variable values reported across studies. In this work, the use of ultra-violet (UV) excited fluorescence spectroscopy as an alternative to the visual quantification of the reconstitution time was investigated. Spectrographic information was collected via a bespoke setup that …

Hearing Loss Prevalence And Years Lived With Disability, 1990–2019: Findings From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Ismaeel Yunusa, Lydia M. Haile, Kaloyan Kamenov, Paul Svitil Briant, Aislyn U. Orji, Jaimie D. Steinmetz, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability.

Methods

We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050.

Findings

An estimated 1.57 billion (95% uncertainty interval …

Impact Of Critical Material Attributes (Cmas)-Particle Shape On Miniature Pharmaceutical Unit Operations., Mohammad A Azad, Gerard Capellades, Allison B Wang, David M Klee, Gregory Hammersmith, Kersten Rapp, David Brancazio, Allan S Myerson

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emphasizes drug product development by Quality by Design (QbD). Critical material attributes (CMAs) are a QbD element that has an impact on pharmaceutical operations and product quality. Pharmaceutical drugs often crystallize as needle-shaped (a CMA) particles and affect the process due to poor flowability, low bulk density, and high compressibility, and eventually the product performance. In this study, the product obtained from crystallization was needle-shaped Ciprofloxacin HCl (CIPRO), formed lumps during drying, and compacted during processing through feeders. To delump small amounts of materials and break the needles, multiple available devices (mortar-pestle, Krups …

Recent Advances In The Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder, Sumanth Kuppalli, Raghav Seth, Vwaire Orhurhu, Ivan Urits, Alan David Kaye, Corey Hunter, Amitabh Gulati, Peju Adekoya, Adam M. Kaye, Mark R. Jones

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a national epidemic with an immense consequence to the United States' healthcare system. Current therapeutic options are limited by adverse effects and limited efficacy.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent advances in therapeutic options for OUD have shown promise in the fight against this ongoing health crisis. Modifications to approved medication-assisted treatment (MAT) include office-based methadone maintenance, implantable and monthly injectable buprenorphine, and an extended-release injectable naltrexone. Therapies under investigation include various strategies such as heroin vaccines, gene-targeted therapy, and biased agonism at the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but several pharmacologic, clinical, and practical barriers …

Mapping Km Methods And Tools Across The Pharmaceutical Product Lifecycle, Martin Lipa, Paige Kane

Level 3

Knowledge management is positioned as an enabler of ICH Q10, and the visibility and availability of product and process knowledge across the entire pharmaceutical product lifecycle is vital to the sustained success of an organization and to the effectiveness of an organization’s pharmaceutical quality system as defined by ICH Q10. This paper illustrates where knowledge management has a role to play within each product lifecycle phase. This paper goes on to further define phase-appropriate KM methods and tools to help address these needs and create end-to-end product and process knowledge visibility and availability.