Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Computational Study Of Drug Interactions Of Receptors, Specifically Glycoprotein D Of Human Herpes Virus 1 And Dopamine D4 Receptor, Griffin Fountain

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis introduces computer-aided drug design methods in Chapter 1 and discuss their applications on two receptors in Chapters 2 and 3: Glycoprotein D (gD) of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4). The Herpes Simplex Virus is a human pathogen that develops unpleasant cold sores around the body, most commonly around the mouth, neck or genitals area. Currently there is no cure or vaccine that can eliminate this virus. Glycoprotein D (gD) is a viral ligand for host cell receptors such as nectin -1. This interaction mediates the entry of HSV-1. In chapter 2, we used …

Mandatory Social Distancing For Covid-19 Outbreak And Its Economic Consequences In West Sumatera - Indonesia, Endrizal Ridwan, Besti Novianda

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The Governor of West Sumatra Province of Indonesia imposed a mandatory social distancing (PSBB) to slow down the Covid-19 outbreak from 22 April to 7 June 2020. The cons argued that PSBB was ineffective because of the impossibility to limit people’s movements. The pros, on the other hand, viewed PSBB as a training facility to increase people’s awareness about the pandemic. Our research aims at evaluating the effectiveness of PSBB by using the Kermack-McKendrick SIR pandemic model and the NLSUR non-linear least square estimation. Using daily data published by the Covid-19 task force, we found that PSBB had a positive …

Behavioral Changes In Accessing Outpatient Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Alfiah Hasanah, Donny Hardiawan, Jefani Marrosa, Adlan Ramadhan, Heriyaldi Heriyaldi, Estro Dariatno Sihaloho, Adiatma Y. M. Siregar

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Unwillingness to seek healthcare has been observed in citizens from many countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Previous studies show that the changes in behavior are due to various reasons such as economic slowdown, loss of health insurance due to termination of employment, and fear of contracting the virus. This behavior may result in worsened health conditions, making a individual more susceptible to the virus. The supply side of health care is one of the things that should be considered in the discussion about access to health care in developing countries. This paper investigates access to the healthcare problem of Indonesians, …

Pembiayaan Pasien Covid-19 Dan Dampak Keuangan Terhadap Rumah Sakit Yang Melayani Pasien Covid-19 Di Indonesia Analisis Periode Maret 2020 – Desember 2020, Wiwi Ambarwati

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Hospital visit volumes decline to 50% during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has reduced hospital revenue. The burden of hospitals handling COVID-19 patients is getting higher due to the late payment of COVID-19 claims. This study aims to review COVID-19 payment regulation in hospitals, constraints of policy implementation, and hospital financial challenges in Indonesia. This is a descriptive-analytic study, data collection is carried out through literature searches from scientific journals, BPJS Kesehatan, the Ministry of Health, Hospital Associations, and scientific seminars in online mass media. BPJS Kesehatan data as of 28 January 2020 shows, number of COVID-19 claims was 433,077 and …

Pengaruh Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Pada Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Terhadap Kondisi Keuangan Rumah Sakit Di Rsup Dr. Kariadi Semarang, Himawan Sasongko

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The mechanism for procuring goods and services in handling emergencies is different from regular/ordinary conditions. The main difference is in the stage of the procurement implementation. Today's problems are the enormous price disparity, the increasing availability and demand, especially for personal protective equipment (PPE). The disparity has resulted in more significant expenses in hospital spending, this condition impact hospital finances. This research is an observational study. The method is qualitative with interviews and data collection. The data taken are primary data and secondary data. Informants consist of main informants and triangulation informants. The data collection instrument was an in-depth interview …

Perhitungan Cost Of Treatment Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Penderita Stroke Peserta Bpjs Di Rsud Dr. Mohamad Saleh Kota Probolinggo, Azizah Munawwarah

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stroke is one of the catastrophic diseases which is the most cause of death in Indonesia. Probolinggo is the second highest prevalence city of stroke in East Java. The prevalence and mortality of stroke have increased in RSUD dr. Mohamad Saleh Probolinggo. Stroke is a high-cost and life-threatening disease, so that the propitious financial management is needed to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of this services. Therefore, it is necessary to do a study of cost of treatment that measures the cost of stroke treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe cost of treatment of stroke patients as …

Clinical Correlations Of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 In Different Tumor Types, Maksim Erokhin, Olga Chetverina, Balázs Győrffy, Victor V. Tatarskiy, Vladic Mogila, Alexander A. Shtil, Igor Roninson, Jerome Moreaux, Pavel Georgiev, Giacomo Cavalli, Darya Chetverina

Faculty Publications

PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2) is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex required to maintain transcriptional repression. The core PRC2 complex includes EZH2, SUZ12, and EED proteins and methylates histone H3K27. PRC2 is known to contribute to carcinogenesis and several small molecule inhibitors targeting PRC2 have been developed. The present study aimed to identify the cancer types in which PRC2 targeting drugs could be beneficial. We queried genomic and transcriptomic (cBioPortal, KMplot) database portals of clinical tumor samples to evaluate clinical correlations of PRC2 subunit genes. EZH2, SUZ12, and EED gene amplification was most frequently found in prostate cancer, whereas lymphoid …

Behavioral Analysis Of Conditions And Treatments Affecting Movement And Nociception, Indu Mithra Madhuranthakam

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis work includes three projects. First part deals with the investigation of novel D2 receptor ligands in Prepulse inhibition. The goal of this study is to establish a relationship between dopamine receptor antagonists and agonists and prepulse inhibition which can then serve as a working model for an in-vivo efficacy of novel dopamine D2 drugs. The second part of the thesis work deals with Niemann pick disease type C. Niemann pick disease type C is a progressive genetic disorder that is characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of lipids which causes neurodegeneration, dementia, ataxia, and death. NPC1_nmf164 mutant mice …

Spatial, Temporal, And Demographic Patterns In Prevalence Of Smoking Tobacco Use And Attributable Disease Burden In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Marissa B. Reitsma, Parkes J. Kendrick, Emad Ababneh, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally.

Methods

We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health …

Application Of Lean Six Sigma To Reduce The Cost Of Regulatory Noncompliance., Reham Nour, Chad Laux

International Conference on Lean Six Sigma

1. Purpose

This research focused on the adoption of Six Sigma within FDA-regulated pharmaceutical companies to create an effective CAPA system for reducing the cost of noncompliance and supporting organizational performance.

2. Design/Methodology/Approach

This study utilized the DMAIC methodology, in a case study, to improve the CAPA process within a medical device company regulated by the FDA. All the critical requirements for compliance CAPA system was being defined from the FDA sources and the DMAIC model was be applied to improve and maintain CAPA performance.

3. Findings

Using the DMAIC approach supported identifying the bottlenecks and process variation. within CAPA. …

Peer Teaching In An Interprofessional Education Activity Focused On Professional Skills Development., Tracey Delnero, Deepti Vyas

All Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a peer-taught interprofessional education (IPE) activity on pharmacy and physician assistant (PA) student self-assessed confidence and attitudes related to professional skills. First-year pharmacy (n = 210) and PA (n = 45) students participated in a two-hour IPE activity. Forty-five teams consisting of one PA and at least four pharmacy students completed three peer-teaching stations focused on diabetes device education, pulmonary device teaching/case workup, and physical assessment skills. Students completed a pre- and post-activity confidence survey and a post-activity attitudes survey. For pharmacy students, highest confidence gains were …

Covid-19 Multi-Targeted Drug Repurposing Using Few-Shot Learning, Yang Liu, You Wu, Xiaoke Shen, Lei Xie

Publications and Research

The life-threatening disease COVID-19 has inspired significant efforts to discover novel therapeutic agents through repurposing of existing drugs. Although multi-targeted (polypharmacological) therapies are recognized as the most efficient approach to system diseases such as COVID-19, computational multi-targeted compound screening has been limited by the scarcity of high-quality experimental data and difficulties in extracting information from molecules. This study introduces MolGNN , a new deep learning model for molecular property prediction. MolGNN applies a graph neural network to computational learning of chemical molecule embedding. Comparing to state-of-the-art approaches heavily relying on labeled experimental data, our method achieves equivalent or superior prediction …

Comparison Of An In-Person Versus A Virtual Interprofessional Education Activity Focused On Professional Communication., Tracey Delnero, Deepti Vyas

All Faculty Scholarship

Early provision of interprofessional education (IPE) is imperative to ensure effective communication between healthcare professionals. However, there are several barriers to offering adequate IPE, including space restrictions and lack of human resources, prompting exploration of alternative modalities. In 2019, an IPE activity was offered in person with 213 pharmacy and 45 physician assistant (PA) students participating in one-on-one team huddles focusing on managing an acutely ill patient. In 2020, the same IPE activity, including 194 pharmacy and 45 PA students, was offered virtually. Peer evaluations, an attitudes survey, and confidence surveys were administered to evaluate the impact of the IPE …

Differential Effect Of Proinflammatory Cytokines On Corneal And Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Mucins And Glycocalyx, Kiumars Shamloo, Priya Mistry, Ashley Barbarino, Christopher Ross, Vishal Jhanji

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: Ocular surface mucins and glycocalyx are critical for providing ocular hydration as well lubrication and repelling pathogens or allergens. Elevated levels of tear proinflammatory cytokines in dry eye may have detrimental effect on mucins and glycocalyx. The present study tested the effect of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ on membrane-tethered mucins expression, glycocalyx, and viability of ocular surface epithelial cells.

Methods: Stratified cultures of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ for 24 hours. The mucins gene and protein expressions were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction …

Phycobilins As Potent Food Bioactive Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors Against Proteases Of Sars-Cov-2 And Other Coronaviruses: A Preliminary Study, Brahmaiah Pendyala, Ankit Patras, Chandravanu Dash

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

In the 21st century, we have witnessed three coronavirus outbreaks: SARS in 2003, MERS in 2012, and the ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The search for efficient vaccines and development and repurposing of therapeutic drugs are the major approaches in the COVID-19 pandemic research area. There are concerns about the evolution of mutant strains (e.g., VUI – 202012/01, a mutant coronavirus in the United Kingdom), which can potentially reduce the impact of the current vaccine and therapeutic drug development trials. One promising approach to counter the mutant strains is the “development of effective broad-spectrum antiviral drugs” against coronaviruses. This …

Engineering And Characterization Of Human Β-Defensin-3 And Its Analogues And Microcin J25 Peptides Against Mannheimia Haemolytica And Bovine Neutrophils, Harpreet Dhingra, Kamaljit Kaur, Baljit Singh

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Mannheimia haemolytica-induced bovine respiratory disease causes loss of millions of dollars to Canadian cattle industry. Current antimicrobials are proving to be ineffective and leave residues in meat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may be effective against M. haemolytica while minimizing the risk of drug residues. Cationic AMPs can kill bacteria through interactions with the anionic bacterial membrane. Human β-Defensin 3 (HBD3) and microcin J25 (MccJ25) are AMPs with potent activity against many Gram-negative bacteria. We tested the microbicidal activity of wild-type HBD3, three HBD3 peptide analogues (28 amino acid, 20AA, and 10AA) derived from the sequence of natural HBD3, and MccJ25 …

Cenobamate, A Sodium Channel Inhibitor And Positive Allosteric Modulator Of Gabaa Ion Channels, For Partial Onset Seizures In Adults: A Comprehensive Review And Clinical Implications, Dustin R. Latimer, Amber N. Edinoff, Rachel D. Ruff, Kelsey C. Rooney, Kayla M. Penny, Shaan B. Patel, Suresh Sabbenahalli, Adam M. Kaye, Elyse M. Cornett, Omar Viswanath, Ivan Urits, Alan David Kaye

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Medical management of epilepsy seeks to eliminate or to reduce the frequency of seizures, help patients maintain a normal lifestyle, and maintain psychosocial and occupational activities, while avoiding the negative side effects of long-term treatment. Current FDA approved drugs have been shown to have similar efficacy; however, they all share a commonality of having side effects that have the potential to significantly reduce a patient’s quality of life. Cenobamate, a newly-FDA approved drug used to treat partial-onset seizures in adult patients, has demonstrated promise in that it works on two proposed mechanisms that are commonly associated with epilepsy. Cenobamate acts …

Quality Assessment Of Published Systematic Reviews In High Impact Cardiology Journals: Revisiting The Evidence Pyramid, Abdelrahman Abushouk, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Abdelmagid M. Elmatboly, Shady Fayek, Omar M. Abdelfattah, Anas Saad, Isogai Toshiaki, Shashank Shekhar, Ankur Kalra, Grant W. Reed, Rishi Puri, Samir Kapadia

Faculty Publications

Objective: Systematic reviews are increasingly used as sources of evidence in clinical cardiology guidelines. In the present study, we aimed to assess the quality of published systematic reviews in high impact cardiology journals.

Methods: We searched PubMed for systematic reviews published between 2010 and 2019 in five general cardiology journals with the highest impact factor (according to Clarivate Analytics 2019). We extracted data on eligibility criteria, methodological characteristics, bias assessments, and sources of funding. Further, we assessed the quality of retrieved reviews using the AMSTAR tool.

Results: A total of 352 systematic reviews were assessed. The AMSTAR quality score was …

Increased Risk Of Death Triggered By Domestic Violence, Hunger, Suicide, Exhausted Health System During Covid-19 Pandemic: Why, How And Solutions, Kenneth Bitrus David, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Damilola Quazeem Olaoye, Ndikpongkeabasi Victor Enang, Aboaba Kazeem Oriyomi, Ismaeel Yunusa

Faculty Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, just like many other public health emergencies, is a well-established global health burden that has resulted in several changes in routines and lifestyles of people globally. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has directly or indirectly involved in the loss of lives of more than 3.24 million as of 6th May, 2021. The increasing threats posed by this pandemic were subsided by the swift and drastic measures put in place by different countries. As other causes of death before the emergence of COVID-19 still exist, the pandemic has further worsened …

Rage Differentially Altered In Vitro Responses In Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells And Adventitial Fibroblasts In Diabetes-Induced Vascular Calcification, Amber M. Kennon, James A. Stewart

Faculty and Student Publications

The Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGE)/Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) signaling pathway exacerbates diabetes-mediated vascular calcification (VC) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Other cell types are involved in VC, such as adventitial fibroblasts (AFBs). We hope to elucidate some of the mechanisms responsible for differential signaling in diabetes-mediated VC with this work. This work utilizes RAGE knockout animals and in vitro calcification to measure calcification and protein responses. Our calcification data revealed that VSMCs calcification was AGE/RAGE dependent, yet AFBs calcification was not an AGE-mediated RAGE response. Protein expression data showed VSMCs lost their phenotype marker, α-smooth muscle actin, and had …

Candida Cell-Surface-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect Mice Against Candida Auris Invasive Infection, Jonothan Rosario-Colon, Karen Eberle, Abby Adams, Evan Courville, Hong Xin

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause disseminated bloodstream infections with up to 60% mortality in susceptible populations. Of the three major classes of antifungal drugs, most C. auris isolates show high resistance to azoles and polyenes, with some clinical isolates showing resistance to all three drug classes. We reported in this study a novel approach to treating C. auris disseminated infections through passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cell surface antigens with high homology in medically important Candida species. Using an established A/J mouse model of disseminated infection that mimics human candidiasis, we showed that …

The Preparation Temperature Influences The Physicochemical Nature And Activity Of Nanoceria, Robert A. Yokel, Wendel Wohlleben, Johannes Georg Keller, Matthew L. Hancock, Jason M. Unrine, D. Allan Butterfield, Eric A. Grulke

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Cerium oxide nanoparticles, so-called nanoceria, are engineered nanomaterials prepared by many methods that result in products with varying physicochemical properties and applications. Those used industrially are often calcined, an example is NM-212. Other nanoceria have beneficial pharmaceutical properties and are often prepared by solvothermal synthesis. Solvothermally synthesized nanoceria dissolve in acidic environments, accelerated by carboxylic acids. NM-212 dissolution has been reported to be minimal. To gain insight into the role of high-temperature exposure on nanoceria dissolution, product susceptibility to carboxylic acid-accelerated dissolution, and its effect on biological and catalytic properties of nanoceria, the dissolution of NM-212, a solvothermally synthesized nanoceria …

Evaluation Of Somatic Mutations In Solid Metastatic Pan-Cancer Patients, Moom Roosan, Isa Mambetsariev, Rebecca Pharaon, Jeremy Fricke, Angel R. Baroz, Joseph Chao, Chen Chen, Mohd W. Nasser, Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata, Maneesh Jain, Lynette Smith, Susan E. Yost, Karen L. Reckamp, Raju Pillai, Leonidas Arvanitis, Michelle Afkhami, Edward W. Wang, Vincent Chung, Mihaela Cristea, Marwan Fakih, Marianna Koczywas, Erminia Massarelli, Joanne Mortimer, Yuan Yuan, Surinder K. Batra, Sumanta Pal, Ravi Salgia

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Metastasis continues to be the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths despite the recent advancements in cancer treatments. To evaluate the role of mutations in overall survival (OS) and treatment outcomes, we analyzed 957 metastatic patients with seven major cancer types who had available molecular testing results with a FoundationOne CDx^® panel. The most prevalent genes with somatic mutations were TP53, KRAS, APC, and LRP1B. In this analysis, these genes had mutation frequencies higher than in publicly available datasets. We identified that the somatic mutations were seven mutually exclusive gene pairs and an additional fifty-two co-occurring gene pairs. Mutations …

Ethiopian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used For The Treatment Of Cancer; Part 3: Selective Cytotoxic Activity Of 22 Plants Against Human Cancer Cell Lines, Solomon Tesfaye, Hannah Braun, Kaleab Asres, Ephrem Engidawork

Faculty and Student Publications

Medicinal plants have been traditionally used to treat cancer in Ethiopia. However, very few studies have reported the in vitro anticancer activities of medicinal plants that are collected from different agro‐ecological zones of Ethiopia. Hence, the main aim of this study was to screen the cytotoxic activities of 80% methanol extracts of 22 plants against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as human breast (MCF‐7), lung (A427), bladder (RT‐4), and cervical (SiSo) cancer cell lines. Active extracts were further screened against human large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC‐103H), pancreatic cancer (DAN‐G), ovarian cancer (A2780), and squamous cell carcinoma of …

Rap1a Regulates Cardiac Fibroblast Contraction Of 3d Diabetic Collagen Matrices By Increased Activation Of The Age/Rage Cascade, Stephanie D. Burr, James A. Stewart

Faculty and Student Publications

Cardiovascular disease is a common diabetic complication that can arise when cardiac fibroblasts transition into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast transition can be induced by advanced glycated end products (AGEs) present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) activating RAGE (receptor for advanced glycated end products) to elicit intracellular signaling. The levels of AGEs are higher under diabetic conditions due to the hyperglycemic conditions present in diabetics. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to alter protein expression and ROS production in cardiac fibroblasts, resulting in changes in cellular function, such as migration and contraction. Recently, a small GTPase, Rap1a, has been identified to overlap the AGE/RAGE …

Risk Factors For Development Of Initial Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Jamie L. Wagner, Kayla R. Stover, Allison M. Bell, Katie E. Barber

Faculty and Student Publications

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for initial complicated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included adult patients with initial episodes of CDI who received ≥72 h of CDI-active antimicrobials. Patients were categorised into one of two groups: complicated CDI or uncomplicated CDI. A total of 513 patients were screened for inclusion, with complicated CDI patients exhibiting abnormal abdominal CT findings or experiencing death within 30 days post-CDI diagnosis. Results: A total of 203 patients met the inclusion criteria, comprising 143 (70.4%) with uncomplicated CDI and 60 (29.6%) with complicated CDI. Complicated …

Evidence That Maackia Amurensis Seed Lectin (Masl) Exerts Pleiotropic Actions On Oral Squamous Cells With Potential To Inhibit Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Covid-19 Disease Progression, Stephanie A. Sheehan, Kelly L. Hamilton, Edward P. Retzbach, Premalatha Balachandran

Faculty and Student Publications

COVID-19 was declared an international public health emergency in January, and a pandemic in March of 2020. There are over 125 million confirmed COVID-19 cases that have caused over 27 million deaths worldwide as of March 2021. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 presents a surface “spike” protein that binds to the ACE2 receptor to infect host cells. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-Cov-2 can also infect cells of the oral mucosa, which also express the ACE2 receptor. The spike and ACE2 proteins are highly glycosylated with sialic acid modifications that direct viral-host interactions and infection. Maackia …

Male Bias In Ace2 Basic Science Research: Missed Opportunity For Discovery In The Time Of Covid-19, Branka Miličić Stanić, Sydney Maddox, Aline M. De Souza, Xie Wu, Danial Mehranfard, Hong Ji, Robert C. Speth, Kathryn Sandberg

HPD Articles

Throughout the world, including the United States, men have worse outcomes from COVID-19 than women. SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of the COVID-19 pandemic, uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain cellular entry. ACE2 is a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and plays an important role in counteracting the harmful effects mediated by the angiotensin type 1 receptor. Therefore, we conducted Ovid MEDLINE and Embase database searches of basic science studies investigating the impact of the biological variable of sex on ACE2 expression and regulation from 2000, the year ACE2 was discovered, through December 31, 2020. Out of 2,131 publications, …

Incompatibility Group I1 (Inci1) Plasmids: Their Genetics, Biology, And Public Health Relevance, Steven L. Foley, Pravin R. Kaldhone, Steven C. Ricke, Jing Han

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Bacterial plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that often carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding increased virulence and can be transmissible among bacteria by conjugation. One key group of plasmids is the incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmids, which have been isolated from multiple Enterobacteriaceae of food animal origin and clinically ill human patients. The IncI group of plasmids were initially characterized due to their sensitivity to the filamentous bacteriophage If1. Two prototypical IncI1 plasmids, R64 and pColIb-P9, have been extensively studied, and the plasmids consist of unique regions associated with plasmid replication, plasmid stability/maintenance, transfer machinery apparatus, single-stranded DNA …

Hiv Research "Year In Review" In Haiti, Chris Delcher, June Bae, Shannan Rich, Jacob Peace

Institute for Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Reports

Introduction

For this issue of the Epidemiologic Surveillance Bulletin, we summarize the prior year’s research on populations living with HIV (PLWH) in Haiti for World AIDS Day 2020.

Methods

We retrieved 50 articles from PubMed (pubmed.gov) for articles written in English using the search term [Haiti* AND (HIV OR "human immunodeficiency virus" OR AIDS)] from December 2019 to November 19, 2020 (approximately 1 year). We included studies that of cohorts of people living with HIV in Haiti, patients enrolled from Haiti in multi-country clinical studies and studies involving populations at substantial risk of HIV in Haiti. We excluded studies of …