Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Potential Drug- Drug Interactions Between Anti- Tumor Agents And Other Prescribed Medications In Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study, Mahadev Rao Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: Cancer patients are more prone to drug interactions as multiple medications are administered concomitantly along with cytotoxic agents in addition with drugs targeted to treat underlying comorbidities, and these are poorly evaluated. In the challenging field of cancer where the number of patients diagnosed increases in a geometric manner, the difficulties faced by healthcare professionals to treat the patients poses a great deal of arduous task in designing an optimum therapeutic regimen. This study addresses the current dilemma and suggests to bring about a resolution to the existing problem. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to characterize, …

Study Of Drug Related Problems In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Comorbidities In A Tertiary Care Hospital -A Retrospective Study, Leelavathi D. Acharya Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

IntroductionDiabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by high sugar level over a prolonged period of time. It is associated with the developing of complication due to a number of factors like the degree of vulnerability, susceptibility, age, health status and immune system condition.(1) Patients with Diabetes Mellitus along with morbidities receiving medications lead to different Drug related problems like polypharmacy, drug-drug interaction, adverse drug reactions etc.ObjectivesTo assess the Drug related problems in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with comorbidities using PCNE classification and Hepler Strand classification in a tertiary care hospital in South India.Methodology A retrospective observational study conducted …

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Of Aminophylline And Caffeine, Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: Irregularity in temperature regulation and control of breathing during the first few days are the reasons for the abrupt deaths in preterm neonates, of which apnea in premature neonates constitutes the major reason for these deaths. Methylxanthine’s (aminophylline and caffeine) are used in its treatment. Majority of the hospitals follow a standard treatment regimen for both aminophylline and caffeine irrespective of preterm’s age and body weight which leads to toxic or sub-therapeutic concentrations of the drug. Using Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK), various drug characteristics and its deportment can be studied. This helps in predicting the Pharmacokinetic parameters of …

Prevalence And Factors Influencing Inappropriate Medication Use In Elderly Patients - A Retrospective Study Using Updated Beers Criteria, Sreedharan Nair Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: A major safety concern in elderly population is the use of inappropriate medication. Owing to aging associated with anatomic and physiologic changes, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of drugs are prone to alter in these elderlies. Inappropriate drug prescribing and polypharmacy in this population elevates the risk of adverse drug reactions. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and factors influencing Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in elderly patients according to updated Beers Criteria. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was carried out. Case records of 580 patients aged 65 years and above were reviewed. Every case record was identified for at least one …

To Study Disease Activity And Various Counseling Techniques In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Kanav Khera Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: Education and counseling creates awareness amongst RA patients regarding the nature of their disease, drugs and lifestyle. Often, early diagnosis of RA prevents permanent disability. However, this does not happen in many cases. With the intention of coping with RA related complications and promoting healthy living, this study assessed the importance of counseling interventions with the aid of patient information leaflets and digital media as an adjunct for better patient care. Objectives: To study three counseling interventions, drug utilization, disease activity and quality of life in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. Methods: A prospective study was conducted where 30 patients were …

To Study Drug Utilization And Qol In Patients With Bronchial Asthma, Kanav Khera Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: Bronchial Asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory of the airways.[1] It is generally known that asthma can cause an impact on a patient’s Quality of Life (QoL), mostly in a negative manner. To perceive the impact it has on the population, ‘Questionnaires on Quality of Life’ in asthmatic patients were made. Improving the QoL of patients with asthma mainly aims at reducing the risk of exacerbation and preventing morbidity related to asthma. Drug Utilization studies are important in order to assess the current prescription patterns against standard guidelines and can help in rationalizing the management. The economic burden of …

Retrospective Study Of Warfarin Use In The Centracare Family Health Clinic, Lauren Martens, Jessica Lind

Pharmacy Posters

Introduction:

• Warfarin is FDA approved for a variety of indications
• Recommended INR goal ranges can vary depending on indication
• Appropriate warfarin management is necessary for safety and efficacy of the medication
• Since November 2019, warfarin has been managed by the ambulatory pharmacist in the Family Health Clinic

Purpose:

• To further understand the patterns of use of warfarin within the CentraCare Family Health Clinic
• Specifically, determine the prevalence of warfarin indications and corresponding INR goals.

Evaluation Of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibody Laboratory Use And Anticoagulation Prescribing Patterns, Piper Swanson, Jesse Greenlee, Gregory Schaefer, Paul Huiras

Pharmacy Posters

Introduction

• Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare adverse reaction
• Calculating a 4T score prior to ordering a heparin-PF4 immunoassay is recommended. For a score < 4, HIT probability is low and an assay is not advised
• If high suspicion of HIT (4T greater than or equal to 4), an assay should be ordered, all heparin products discontinued, and a non-heparin anticoagulant initiated.

Purpose

• Determine if heparin immunoassay ordering was indicted according to retrospective 4T score
• Assess anticoagulation prescribing depending on the result of the assay
• Serve as a pre-group for a planned perverse post-HIT order set implementation analysis

Evaluation Of Antibiotic Use And Duration For Febrile Neutropenia, Kayla Jensen, Patricia Aubert, Joy Ward, Ann Wigton

Pharmacy Posters

Introduction:

• Febrile neutropenia (FN) affects over 80% of patients with hematologic cancer and 10% to 50% of patients with solid tumors
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend empiric broad-spectrum monotherapy until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is over 500 cells/uL.
• Extended durations with broad-spectrum agents leads to increased risk of antibiotic resistance, toxicity and C. difficile infection.

Purpose

• To evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns for patients with FN to optimize antibiotic stewardship.

Gm-1111 Preserves Phagocytic Function Of Macrophages Exposed To Prolonged Hyperoxia Via Interruption Of Hmgb1-Mediated Signaling, Leanne Daley

Theses and Dissertations

Supraphysiological levels of oxygen (i.e. hyperoxia) are used to treat patients with respiratory distress. Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can impair alveolar macrophage functions and increase susceptibility to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Hyperoxia-induced alveolar macrophage dysfunction is, in part, mediated by high airway levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). An early generation glycosaminoglycan (GAG), 2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin (ODSH), attenuates hyperoxia-compromised innate immunity by preventing the binding of HMGB1 with receptors that activate pro-inflammatory pathways. In this study, we investigated whether the next generation GAG, GM-1111, can attenuate hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function. GM-1111 (100μM) prevented hyperoxia-induced (95% O2 for …

Agal Antigen And Rutinose Glycosides As Model Compounds For The Design Of Classical And Conformational Glycomimetics, Dhwani Ashish Mehta

Theses and Dissertations

αGal or Galili epitope (αGal(1→3)βGal(1→4)GlcNAc) is a natural trisaccharide associated with cell-surface glycoproteins of certain mammalian and non-mammalian cells. The saccharide is not expressed by humans and anti-αGal antibodies account for ~1% of the total circulating antibodies in sera as a result of our constant exposition to the antigen from food and intestinal flora. Our interest in αGal relies on its involvement in a variety of pathologies including red meat allergy, hyperacute xenotransplant rejection, and parasitic and bacterial infections. In particular, we have an interest in developing structurally simple glycomimetics for engaging in high-affinity binding αGal-recognizing receptors such as the …

Investigation Of Percutaneous Drug Pharmacokinetics In Yucatan Mini-Pig Utilizing Microdialysis: Development Of An In Vitro - In Vivo Relationship With Metronidazole Topical Dermatological Drug Products, Benjamin Alexander Kuzma

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

The use of dermal microdialysis (dMD) to evaluate bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE) of topical dermatological drug products (TDDP) has shown promising results; however, studies conducted thus far have been inconclusive conceivably due to large inter- and intra-subject variability, in addition to the inability of short experiments to completely characterize the dermis pharmacokinetics (PK). By using multiple test sites on the same subject, and replicate probes at each test site, it is feasible to compare the dermal pharmacokinetics (dPK) of a drug from different products in parallel on the same subject, which in turn will help to control variability. Moreover, …

A Brief Review Of Pharmaceutics, A. J. Al-Achi

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cefepime-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Retrospective Cohort Study In A Tertiary Healthcare Facility, Sonal M. Sekhar

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with broad spectrum of activity. Cefepime continues as a major part of parenteral treatment for neutropenic fever and hospital-associated infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, etc. The principle mechanism of Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity is via inhibition of GABA-A receptors or GABA release. Neurotoxic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) include unconsciousness, encephalopathy, aphasia, myoclonus, seizures, and coma. Risk factors of the ADRs include renal failure, over dosing, pre-existing brain injury, and elevated serum Cefepime levels.

Objectives: Primary objective is to determine incidence of neurotoxic ADRs related to the use Cefepime. Secondary objective …

An Analytical Perspective On Determination Of Free Base Nicotine In E-Liquids, Vinit V. Gholap, Rodrigo S. Heyder, Leon Kosmider, Matthew S. Halquist

Pharmaceutics Publications

In electronic cigarette users, nicotine delivery to lungs depends on various factors. One of the important factors is e-liquid nicotine concentration. Nicotine concentration in e-liquids ranges from 0 to >50 mg/mL. Furthermore, nicotine exists in protonated and unprotonated (“free base”) forms. The two forms are believed to affect the nicotine absorption in body. Therefore, in addition to total nicotine concentration, e-liquids should be characterized for their free base nicotine yield. Two approaches are being used for the determination of free base nicotine in e-liquids. The first is applying a dilution to e-liquids followed by two methods: Henderson–Hasselbalch theory application or …

United States Medicaid And Pharmacy Fraud: An Unintended Consequence Of The Affordable Care Act, Sean Mcdaniel, Drew Blakely

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased access to health insurance throughout the United States. To date, an estimated 20 million previously uninsured individuals have gained access to coverage since the expansion. As a result, the number of fraudulent schemes reported has been on the rise. Among the many fraudulent activities in the healthcare sector, abuse of pharmacy benefits has been the most prevalent. The misuse and abuse of opioids, and opioid related overdoses has created a widespread epidemic throughout the country, thus extending opportunities for potential fraud within the pharmaceutical industry.

Purpose of the Study: The purpose …

Faculty Perceptions And Teaching Practices For Transformative Change: Culturally Responsive Teaching In Pharmacy Education, Nicole Rockich Winston

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Cultural diversity training in pharmacy education has evolved from standalone lectures to longitudinal courses, service-learning initiatives, rotation experiences, and global health opportunities. This mixed methods study explored the perceptions, attitudes, and pedagogies of pharmacy educators who have incorporated culture diversity into their classrooms and clinic sites. First, 91 online surveys incorporating items from the Teaching Multicultural Attitudes Survey and the Multicultural Competency Teaching Scale were distributed to a random sample of pharmacy faculty who interface with cultural diversity. In total, 36 completed surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and stepwise linear regressions. Following the survey, seven pharmacy faculty …

Mechanisms Of Dopamine-Induced Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Melinda L. Asbury

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Methamphetamine (MA) neurotoxicity is particularly evident in the striatum where it causes extensive dopamine (DA) release and results in neurodegeneration. To identify specific signaling pathways and macromolecules involved in postsynaptic DA-induced striatal toxicity we used a SK-N-MC cell model that mimics postsynaptic D1 receptor-expressing striatal neurons. The cells were treated for 6-24 h with 0-50 µM DA. The concentration was chosen to impart physiological relevance to the study as it mirrors [DA] found within the striatum following MA exposure. We show that 25-50 µM DA resulted in protein changes consistent with nitro(oxidative) stress as well as enhanced cleavage of caspase …

Chemical Composition Of Volatile Oils Of Fresh And Air-Dried Buds Of Cannabis Chemovars, Their Insecticidal And Repellent Activities, Amira S. Wanas, Mohamed M. Radwan, Suman Chandra, Hemant Lata, Zlatko Mehmedic, Abbas Ali, K. H.C. Baser, Betul Demirci, Mahmoud A. Elsohly

Faculty and Student Publications

© The Author(s) 2020. The volatile oils of fresh and air-dried buds of 3 different varieties of Cannabis, namely, high cannabidiol (CBD) chemotype, intermediate CBD/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) chemotype, and high THC chemotype were prepared by hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography analysis of the volatile oils resulted in the identification of 71 compounds, of which 33 were monoterpenes and 38 were sesquiterpenes. The volatile oil obtained from the THC chemotype showed an increase in the ratio of the sesquiterpenes to monoterpenes content. The content of terpinolene was dramatically decreased upon drying of THC chemotype. Moderate increase in β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide was observed. However, …

Associations Of Polypharmacy And Inappropriate Medications With Adverse Outcomes In Older Adults With Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mostafa R. Mohamed, Erika Ramsdale, Kah Poh Loh, Asad Arastu, Huiwen Xu, Spencer Obrecht, Daniel Castillo, Manvi Sharma, Holly M. Holmes, Ginah Nightingale, Katherine M. Juba, Supriya G. Mohile

Faculty and Student Publications

© AlphaMed Press 2019 Background: Polypharmacy (PP) and potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) are highly prevalent in older adults with cancer. This study systematically reviews the associations of PP and/or PIM with outcomes and, through a meta-analysis, obtains estimates of postoperative outcomes associated with PP in this population. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials using standardized terms for concepts of PP, PIM, and cancer. Eligible studies included cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials which examined outcomes associated with PP and/or PIM and included older adults with cancer. A random …

A Validated Uplc-Pda Method For Simultaneous Determination Of 3 Biologically Active Isoflavans In Trigonella Stellata Extract, Safa M. Shams Eldin, Mohamed M. Radwan, Amira S. Wanas, Abdel Azim M. Habib, Fahima F. Kassem, Hala M. Hammoda, Mahmoud A. Elsohly

Faculty and Student Publications

© The Author(s) 2020. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/photodiode array method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trigonellan glucoside (1), isotrigonellan (2), and methoxy-isotrigonellan (3) in Trigonella stellata extract using an external standard method. The extract was prepared using a standardized method by maceration of the dried plant material in ethanol. The 3 isoflavans (1-3) were separated on an Acquity UPLC C18 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile, and ultraviolet detection. The method provides a linear correlation for all …

Evaluation Of 18F-Iam6067 As A Sigma-1 Receptor Pet Tracer For Neurodegeneration In Vivo In Rodents And In Human Tissue, François Xavier Lepelletier, Matthias Vandesquille, Marie Claude Asselin, Christian Prenant, Andrew C. Robinson, David M.A. Mann, Michael Green, Elizabeth Barnett, Samuel D. Banister, Marco Mottinelli, Christophe Mesangeau, Christopher R. Mccurdy, Inga B. Fricke, Andreas H. Jacobs, Michael Kassiou, Hervé Boutin

Faculty and Student Publications

© The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is widely expressed in the CNS and is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The S1R is involved in the regulation of many neurotransmission systems and, indirectly, in neurodegenerative diseases. The S1R may therefore represent an interesting neuronal biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) or Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Here we present the characterisation of the S1R-specific 18F-labelled tracer 18F-IAM6067 in two animal models and in human …

Comparison Of Chemical Compositions Of The Pepper Eos From Different Cultivars And Their Ache Inhibitory Activity, Shu Xia Chen, Kong Yang, Jia Yao Xiang, Osafo Raymond Kwaku, Jia Xin Han, Xian Ai Zhu, Ya Ting Huang, Le Jiang Liu, Shao Bin Shen, Hai Zhou Li, Xing Cong Li, Yang Feng, Min Xu

Faculty and Student Publications

© The Author(s) 2020. Pepper is one of the most popular spices over the world and is called the King of Spices. Its essential oils (EOs) could alleviate neuronal ailments due to the inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the chemical compositions of 26 EOs prepared from white and black pepper collecting from 6 different cultivars were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 133 compounds were identified in the white and black pepper EOs. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were found to be riched in these EOs, of which α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, 3-carene, limonene, and (E)-β-caryophyllene were …

Primary Healthcare Policy And Vision For Community Pharmacy And Pharmacists In The United States, Teresa M. Salgado, Meagen M. Rosenthal, Antoinette B. Coe, Tana N. Kaefer, Dave L. Dixon, Karen B. Farris

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020, Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica. All rights reserved. The United States (US) has a complex healthcare system with a mix of public, private, nonprofit, and for-profit insurers, healthcare institutions and organizations, and providers. Unlike other developed countries, there is not a single payer healthcare system or a national pharmaceutical benefits scheme/plan. Despite spending over USD 10,000 per capita in healthcare, the US is among the worst performers compared to other developed countries in outcomes including life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, safety during childbirth, and unmanaged chronic conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes). Primary care is delivered by physicians …

Gabapentin Abuse, Tuyet-Anh Nguyen

College of Pharmacy Student Research

No abstract provided.

Determining The Advantageous Acute Migraine Treatment: Rimegepant And Lasmiditan Review Of Literature, Tiffany A. Johnson

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This research aims to evaluate two new pharmaceuticals on the market. Rimegepant and Lasmiditan target the trigeminovascular system and respectively, are characterized in the gepant and ditan classes of pharmaceuticals. Based on a review of studies, Rimegepant was determined to be the advantageous acute treatment. This is not conclusive due to inequivalent comparison in sample size and amount of research completed. It is encouraged for additional research to be imposed before a conclusive determination of the advantageous acute treatment can be distinguished.

Addiction After Taking Pain Relief Medicine For Post-Surgery, Kelie A. Nicholson Vélez

College of Pharmacy Student Research

No abstract provided.

Survival Of A Serotype 4b Strain And A Serotype 1/2a Strain Of Listeria T Monocytogenes, Isolated From A Stone Fruit Outbreak Investigation, On Whole Stone Fruit At 4 °C, Antonio J. De Jesus, Ishani Sheth, Hee Jin Kwon, Zhujun Gao, Jessica Palmer, Minji Hur, Thomas S. Hammack, Dumitru Macarisin, Yi Chen

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

In the summer of 2014, a multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with contaminated stone fruit (peach and nectarine) was reported. A serotype 4b variant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strain of singleton Sequence Type (ST) 382 was isolated from clinical samples and stone fruit associated with the outbreak. A serotype 1/2b Lm strain of ST5, Clonal Complex 5 was isolated only from outbreak-associated stone fruit, not from clinical samples. Here we investigated the fate of the serotype 4b and 1/2b strains, at two inoculation levels (high level at 3.7 logCFU/fruit and low level at 2.7 logCFU/fruit), on the surfaces of white peach, …

Adult Perceptions Of The Relative Harm Of Tobacco Products And Subsequent T Tobacco Product Use: Longitudinal Findings From Waves 1 And 2 Of The Population Assessment Of Tobacco And Health (Path) Study, Tara Elton-Marshall, Pete Driezen, Geoffrey T. Fong, K. Michael Cummings, Alexander Persoskie, Olivia Wackowski, Kelvin Choi, Annette Kaufman, David Strong, Shannon Gravely, Kristie Kristie, Jonathan Kwan, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Mark Travers, Andrew Hyland

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objectives: To examine: (1) How perceptions of harm for seven non-cigarette tobacco products predict sub- sequent use; (2) How change in use is associated with changes in perceptions of product harm; (3) Whether sociodemographic variables moderate the association between perceptions and use.

Methods: Data are from the adult sample (18+) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort survey conducted September 2013-December 2014 (Wave 1 (W1) n = 32,320) and October 2014-October 2015 (Wave 2 (W2) n = 28,362).

Results: Wave 1 users and non-users of e-cigarettes, filtered cigars, cigarillos, and pipes, who …

An Evaluation Of The Usda's Policy To Reduce Listeria Illnesses In Ready‐To‐Eat Meat And Poultry Products, Travis Minor, Matt Parrett

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Using 1998–2008 data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on foodborne illnesses and outbreaks, we examine the economic impact of the United States Department of Agriculture's proposed and final rules to reduce the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in ready‐to‐ eat meat and poultry products. Using a difference‐in‐ differences approach, we find that these rules together reduced meat‐related Lm illnesses by about 60 per year, which we attribute to reductions in both the number and average size of meat‐related Lm outbreaks. We then monetize this illness reduction using an underreporting and underdiagnosis multiplier of 2.3 and an …