Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Engineering Spores To Display G Protein-Coupled Receptors For Directed Evolution, Alyssa Misoo Kim

Theses

All human cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane made from a phospholipid bilayer, which is responsible for maintaining a biologically active species, while stopping entry of deleterious substances from the outside. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the membrane proteins, which transmit signals across the cell membrane. GPCRs are involved in almost every physiological process, and irregular control leads to pathological conditions. Therefore, they are major drug targets. Crystal structure determination is required to understand the molecular details of activation/deactivation. However, GPCRs are difficult to crystallize because of stability issues. An efficient protein engineering system needs to be developed. The …

Hydrodynamic Effects Of A Cannula In A Usp Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2, Qianqian Liu

Theses

Dissolution testing is routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry to provide in vitro drug release information for drug development and quality control purposes. The USP Testing Apparatus 2 is the most common dissolution testing system for solid dosage forms. Usually, sampling cannulas are used to take samples manually from the dissolution medium. However, the inserted cannula can alter the normal fluid flow within the vessel and produce different dissolution testing results.

The hydrodynamic effects introduced by a permanently inserted cannula in a USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2 were evaluated by two approaches. Firstly, the dissolution tests were conducted with two …

Amyloid-Β Probes: Review Of Structure-Activity And Brain-Kinetics Relationships, Todd J. Eckroat, Abdelrahman S. Mayhoub, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years, placing a huge burden on society. Current treatments for AD leave much to be desired, and numerous research efforts around the globe are focused on developing improved therapeutics. In addition, current diagnostic tools for AD rely largely on subjective cognitive assessment rather than on identification of pathophysiological changes associated with disease onset and progression. These facts have led to numerous efforts to develop chemical probes to detect pathophysiological hallmarks of AD, such as amyloid-β plaques, for diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. …

Screening For Diabetes And Hypertension In A Rural Low Income Setting In Western Kenya Utilizing Home-Based And Community-Based Strategies, Sonak Pastakia, Shamim M. Ali, Jemima H. Kamano, Constantine O. Akwanalo, Samson K. Ndege, Victor L. Buckwalter, Rajesh Vedanthan, Gerald S. Bloomfield

Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

The burdens of hypertension and diabetes are increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is important to identify patients with these conditions early in the disease process. The goal of this study, therefore, is to compare community- versus home-based screening for hypertension and diabetes in Kenya.

METHODS:

This was a feasibility study conducted by the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) program in Webuye, a town in western Kenya. Home-based (door-to-door) screening occurred in March 2010 and community-based screening in November 2011. HIV counselors were trained to screen for diabetes and hypertension in the home-based screening with …

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta Agonist, Hpp593, Prevents Renal Necrosis Under Chronic Ischemia, Larisa V. Fedorova, Komal Sodhi, Cara Gatto-Weis, Nitin Puri, Terry D. Hinds Jr., Joseph I. Shapiro Md, Deepak Malhotra

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

The Goldblatt’s 2 kidney 1 clip (2K1C) rat animal model of renovascular hypertension is characterized by ischemic nephropathy of the clipped kidney. 2K1C rats were treated with a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist, HPP593. Clipped kidneys from untreated rats developed tubular and glomerular necrosis and massive interstitial, periglomerular and perivascular fibrosis. HPP593 kidneys did not exhibit any histochemical features of necrosis; fibrotic lesions were present only in perivascular areas. Necrosis in the untreated clipped kidneys was associated with an increased oxidative stress, up regulation and mitochondrial translocation of the pro-death protein BNIP3 specifically in tubules. In the kidneys …

Changes In Student Attitudes Towards The Elderly Following A Hypertension Education And Screening Event, David William Martin

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Objective: To assess student comfort levels and perceptions toward geriatric care after participation in a hypertension screening and education event, and to assess knowledge retention in the elderly participants.

Methods: This multiphase, survey based study evaluated pharmacy and physician assistant students' comfort levels and perceptions of the elderly. The study also used questionnaires to assess knowledge retention in the elderly at immediate, one-month, and three-month intervals.

Results: Student comfort levels significantly increased and perceptions remained unchanged after participation in the education and screening event. Elderly participant knowledge retention remained at around a 90% correct response rate.

Conclusion: Increasing student interactions …

Isolation And Partial Characterization Of Bioactive Fucoxanthin From Himanthalia Elongata Brown Seaweed: A Tlc-Based Approach, Gaurav Rajauria, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Seaweeds are important sources of carotenoids, and numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of these pigments on human health. In the present study, Himanthalia elongata brown seaweed was extracted with a mixture of low polarity solvents, and the crude extract was separated using analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC).The separated compounds were tested for their potential antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes bacteria using TLC bioautography approach. For bio-autography, the coloured band on TLC chromatogram was visualized after spraying with DPPH and triphenyltetrazolium chloride reagents which screen antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, respectively, and only one active compound was screened …

Finding Solutions To Institutional Corruption: Lessons From Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Lisa Cosgrove, Robert Whitaker

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

The American Psychiatric Association and academic psychiatry in the United States have two conflicts of interest that may affect their assessment of psychiatric drugs and their development of diagnostic and clinical care guidelines: payments from pharmaceutical companies and guild interests. Until recently, the proposed solution to industry-academic relationships has been transparency. However, cognitive dissonance research reveals that disclosure is not a solution because cognitive biases are commonplace and difficult to eradicate. Indeed, bias is most often manifest in subtle ways unbeknownst to the researcher or clinician, and thus is usually implicit and unintentional. Also, recent studies suggest that disclosure of …

The Impact Of Community Use Of Novel Oral Anticoagulants On An Academic Medical Center, Luis Eraso, Md, Taki Galanis, Md, Kristina Kipp, Pharm.D., Walter K. Kraft, Md, Michael Palladino, Pharm.D., Cacp, Alejandro Perez, Md, Kimberle Ferebee-Spruill, Crnp, Geno Merli, Md, Brian G. Swift, Pharm.D., Mba, Lynda Thomson, Brittany Vining

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Warfarin has been a mainstay of therapy for treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) and prevention of stroke and systemic embolism for over 50 years. Recent FDA approval of several novel oral anticoagulants has offered more extensive treatment options for management of these disease states.

The availability of the novel anticoagulants offers an attractive alternative to warfarin therapy for patients due to their convenience of use. In comparison to warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban offer: - a fixed dosage regimen

- a relatively small potential drug interaction profile

- minimal laboratory monitoring

- little to no dietary restrictions. …

Flurbiprofen Benzyl Nitrate (Nbs-242) Inhibits The Growth Of A-431 Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells And Targets Β-Catenin, Niharika Nath, Xiaoping Liu, Lloydine Jacobs, Khosrow Kashfi

Publications and Research

Background: The Wnt/β-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) signaling pathway is important in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Nitric-oxide-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) are chemopreventive agents consisting of a traditional NSAID attached to an NO-releasing moiety through a chemical spacer. Previously we showed that an aromatic spacer enhanced the potency of a particular NO-NSAID compared to an aliphatic spacer.

Methods: We synthesized an NO-releasing NSAID with an aromatic spacer (flurbiprofen benzyl nitrate, NBS-242), and using the human skin cancer cell line A-431, we evaluated its effects on cell kinetics, Wnt/β-catenin, cyclin D1, and caspase-3.

Results: NBS-242 inhibited the growth of …

Development And Evaluation Of The Assessment Of Opioid Taking Behaviors And Adherence Scale (Aotba) In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Abdulkhaliq Jassem Alsalman

Theses and Dissertations

The rapid growth in opioid therapy for non-cancer pain has occurred without an adequate appreciation of the consequences of this growth. Few studies provide patient-centered evidence that can be used to inform the current proposed standards for efficacious (safe and effective) opioid prescribing in non-cancer pain. Furthermore, different terms may be used interchangeably in the literature to refer to opioid-taking behaviors, resulting in imprecise or vague interpretation of existing evidence. We therefore sought to explore patterns of opioid-taking behavior and their biopsychosocial-spiritual determinants in African-American adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Many questions surround opioid use for non-cancer pain, but …

Perception, Expression And Management Of The Pain Of Childbirth, Mary H. Christenson

Senior Honors Theses

In order to be a competent nurse on an American labor and delivery unit it is important to have an understanding of the pain of childbirth. This includes a thorough understanding of pain as a sensation and its manifestation during the birthing experience. An understanding of pain is useless, however, unless standardized pain assessment practices are used. The most accurate pain assessment is associated with a general understanding of cultural trends in pain perception and expression. Along with culture, other factors also influence how a woman senses and copes with the pain of labor. Anxiety is one of these influential …

Oral Contraceptives, Stephenie G. Fortier

Senior Honors Theses

Cyclic oral contraceptive and continuous oral contraceptives have many similarities yet a few distinct differences. One of the major differences between cyclic and continuous oral contraceptives is that cyclic oral contraceptive pills have twenty one active pills and seven inactive pills versus the new continuous oral contraceptive pills which have 28 active pills and no inactive pills. However, though cyclic and continuous oral contraceptives do have a few differences, both types of oral contraceptives affect a woman’s body in similar ways. When choosing between cyclic and continuous oral contraceptives, it is important for women to be informed about the advantages …

Reverse-Phase Ion-Pairing Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry In Characterization And Fingerprinting Of Diverse Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics, Pooja Ponnusamy

Theses and Dissertations

Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan with potent anticoagulant, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Polymeric and polyanionic nature of heparin makes dosing and side effects a nightmare for healthcare professionals. Our laboratory has proposed appropriately designed, small, highly sulfated aromatic molecules as potential mimetics of heparin. These easier-to-synthesize small molecules have been shown to possess interesting pharmacological and improved toxicological profiles. However, the detection and characterization of these highly sulfated molecules is challenging. A robust RP-IP UPLC-MS method was developed to successfully retain, resolve and quantify sulfated non-saccharide GAG mimetics without the requirement of pre- or post- column derivatization. Comparative analysis …

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Folic Acid Receptor-Targeted, Β-Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Complexes For Cancer Treatment, Juan-Juan Yin, Sonali Sharma, Stepan P. Shumyak, Zhi-Xin Wang, Zhi-Wei Zhou, Yangde Zhang, Peixuan Guo, Chen-Zhong Li, Jagat R. Kanwar, Tianxin Yang, Shyam S. Mohapatra, Wanqing Liu, Wei Duan, Jian-Cheng Wang, Qi Li, Xueji Zhang, Jun Tan, Lee Jia, Jun Liang, Ming Q. Wei, Xiaotian Li, Shu-Feng Zhou

Nanobiotechnology Center Faculty Publications

Drug targeting is an active area of research and nano-scaled drug delivery systems hold tremendous potential for the treatment of neoplasms. In this study, a novel cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticle drug delivery system has been assembled and characterized for the therapy of folate receptor-positive [FR(+)] cancer. Water-soluble folic acid (FA)-conjugated CD carriers (FACDs) were successfully synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and circular dichroism. Drug complexes of adamatane (Ada) and cytotoxic doxorubicin (Dox) with FACD were readily …

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Folic Acid Receptor-Targeted, Β-Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Complexes For Cancer Treatment., Juan-Juan Yin, Sonali Sharma, Stepan P. Shumyak, Zhi-Xin Wang, Zhi-Wei Zhou, Yangde Zhang, Peixuan Guo, Chen-Zhong Li, Jagat R. Kanwar, Tianxin Yang, Shyam S. Mohapatra, Wanqing Liu, Wei Duan, Jian-Cheng Wang, Qi Li, Xueji Zhang, Jun Tan, Lee Jia, Jun Liang, Ming Q. Wei, Xiaotian Li, Shu-Feng Zhou

Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Faculty Publications

Drug targeting is an active area of research and nano-scaled drug delivery systems hold tremendous potential for the treatment of neoplasms. In this study, a novel cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticle drug delivery system has been assembled and characterized for the therapy of folate receptor-positive [FR(+)] cancer. Water-soluble folic acid (FA)-conjugated CD carriers (FACDs) were successfully synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and circular dichroism. Drug complexes of adamatane (Ada) and cytotoxic doxorubicin (Dox) with FACD were readily …

The Development And Applications Of The Hint Scoring Function: Exploring Colchicine-Site Anticancer Agents And Tautomerism, Chenxiao Da

Theses and Dissertations

The overall aim of this work was to apply HINT, an empirical scoring function based on the understanding of hydrophobicity, to analyze and predict the binding affinities and biological activities of colchicine-site anticancer agents. The second, concurrent aim was to improve the scoring function by incorporating tautomerism within the modeling process. Our belief is that proper evaluation of tautomeric forms for small molecules will improve performance of virtual screening. The novel pyrrole-based compounds targeting the colchicine site were docked into the receptor using HINT as a rescoring function. Two distinct binding modes dictated by the size and shape of a …

A Case Study On Pharmacy To Explore The Perceptions Of Pharmacy Leaders And Policy Makers On The Benefits, Risks, And Alternatives Of The Doctorate As The Entry Level Degree In Health Professions, Heidi Marie Crocker

Dissertations

The clinical doctorate is an emergent trend in many health profession disciplines. Collier (2008) projects continued momentum toward higher degrees for entry into practice and advancing the field in health professions. There has been minimal research on how the trend of doctoral education in health professions will affect health professions education, delivery of services, and interdisciplinary relationship among health care providers, or the wider society (Freburger, King, & Slifkin, 2008). This research focused on the transition to the clinical doctorate in one profession, Pharmacy, retrospectively examining the inception and enactment phase of the Pharm.D. The study provides important insight into …

Effect Of Coconut Oil On Ulcerative Colitis In The Mouse Model, Pranav Chandra Alok

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease of the colon or large intestine that causes inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the colon and rectum. In patients with ulcerative colitis, the body’s immune system overreacts and the body mistakes food, bacteria or other internal materials in the colon for an invading substance. The immune system attacks the material, thus irritating the colon. Limited knowledge of inflammatory conditions coupled with a narrow range of therapeutic options necessitates investigating the role of natural products. This study describes the effect of natural coconut oil on chemically-induced acute and chronic disease in …

Effect Of Leaving Ligands Of Platinum(Ii) Diamine Complexes On Dna And Protein Residues, Ramya Kolli

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Platinum compounds are widely used drugs in cancer treatments. Although DNA is the biological target, reaction of platinum compounds with proteins is also potentially significant. Our objective is to study the effects of leaving ligands on the relative reactivity between 5'-GMP (guanosine 5' phosphate), a key DNA target, and N-Acetyl - L-Methionine (N-AcMet), a key protein target. We have used NMR spectroscopy to monitor reactions with N-AcMet and 5'-GMP added to a platinum complex to see which products are formed preferentially. Previous research showed that both a non-bulky complex such as [Pt(en)(D₂O)₂]²⁺ [en=ethylenediamine], and a …

Polypharmacy In Elderly: A Cautious Trail To Tread, Saniya Raghib Sabzwari, Waris Qidwai, Seema Bhanji

Department of Family Medicine

Polypharmacy has now increasingly come into focus as the recipient of healthcare in old age worldwide. In elderly it is associated with frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions resulting in significant morbidity. Geriatrics is still an emerging specialty in South Asia, especially in Pakistan, where multiple reasons for polypharmacy exist. An extensive literature review of articles using key words like \'polypharmacy,\' \'elderly\' was conducted. The recently updated Beers Criteria of classification of inappropriate drugs in the elderly was reviewed in detail. Articles of relevance to polypharmacy and evaluation of guidelines for appropriate interventions to minimise inappropriate drug prescribing …

Role Of Ethanol As A Cofactor In Haart Induced Hepatic Steatosis And Injury., Hridgandh Donde

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to a significant increase in the life expectancy of HIV patients; however, there are significant side effects including lipodystrophy and hepatotoxicity. Alcohol abuse is highly prevalent in HIV infected individuals and hence may be a significant negative cofactor in HAART induced hepatotoxicity. The present study examines the mechanisms underlying HAART and alcohol induced hepatotoxicity. The effects of HAART drugs (azidothymidine, and Indinavir sulphate) in combination with alcohol were examined in in vivo animal model. Alcohol and HAART drug interactions and hepatotoxicity were also assessed in-vivo using an animal model of chronic alcohol feeding. …

Pharmacy Newsletter : May 2013, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• Patient Information Brochure
• “Beers Criteria”– Medication Safety in Elderly Patients
• Adverse Drug Reactions – Summary 2012

Stability Of U-500 Regular Insulin In Prefilled Syringes, Melinda E. Lull, Justin J. Piacentino, Andrea N. Traina

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: To evaluate the stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes stored under refrigeration for up to 28 days.

Methods: U-500 regular insulin was drawn up in 1 mL insulin syringes in a clean, nonsterile environment to emulate conditions of a patient’s home. Samples were assayed using a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method immediately after preparation (day 0) and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days under refrigeration. Before evaluation, all samples were diluted to a concentration of 40 units/mL in the starting mobile phase. Stability was determined by evaluating the percentage of the initial concentration remaining at …

Access To Essential Medicines In Pakistan: Policy And Health Systems Research Concerns., Shehla Zaidi, Maryam Bigdeli, Noureen Aleem, Arash Rashidian

Community Health Sciences

NTRODUCTION:

Inadequate access to essential medicines is a common issue within developing countries. Policy response is constrained, amongst other factors, by a dearth of in-depth country level evidence. We share here i) gaps related to access to essential medicine in Pakistan; and ii) prioritization of emerging policy and research concerns.

METHODS:

An exploratory research was carried out using a health systems perspective and applying the WHO Framework for Equitable Access to Essential Medicine. Methods involved key informant interviews with policy makers, providers, industry, NGOs, experts and development partners, review of published and grey literature, and consultative prioritization in stakeholder's Roundtable. …

A Series Of Pharmaceutical Technology Concepts Applied To Pediatric Formulations, Hao Lou

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Pediatric formulations have received great attention from regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe. Since solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules will not be able to improve pediatric patients’ compliance, customized pediatric formulations are needed. In response, formulators in the pharmaceutical industry have made significant effort into developing various pediatric formulations. However, developing satisfactory pediatric formulations is a process that is guided by case by case basis. The objective of this current study was to apply the scientific pharmaceutical technology concepts into developing modern pediatric formulations. We have shown that the drug delivery design will be affected …

In Vitro Characterization Of Avian Influenza Virus Isolates With A Truncated Ns1 Gene Segment, Aaron Dick

Honors Scholar Theses

Avian Influenza Virus represents a significant threat to the world poultry population, and is a potential threat to humans due to the possibility of cross-species AIV infection. Our approach is to characterize a number of avian virus populations with respect to their content of biologically active particles that include hemagglutinating particles (HAP), plaque forming particles (PFP), interferon inducing particles (IFP), interferon induction-suppressing particles (ISP), defective-interfering particles (DIP), cell-killing particles (CKP) and non-infectious cell killing particles (niCKP) using unique in vitro assays developed for avian influenza virus in the Marcus-Sekellick Laboratory. Specifically, we will use a strain of Avian influenza virus, …

The Study Of The Effect Of Two Flavone Isomers Derived From Gnaphalium Elegans And Achyrocline Bogotensis In Breast Cancer., Jessica J. Walker

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Flavonoids are ubiquitous to all terrestrial plants and many are known to have anti-tumor activities. In this research project we studied the differential cytotoxic effects of two flavone isomers on human breast cancer cells (BT-474, SKBR-3, and MCF-7) and normal breast cells as a control (MCF-10A). The basis of the relationships between chemical structures, type and position of substituent groups and the effects these compounds exert specifically on cancer cells are not completely elucidated. These flavones are derived from plants native of Colombia, South America. These plants of the family Asteraceae, genera Gnaphalium and Achyrocline are reputed to have anti-cancer …

Risk Factors For Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction In Older Adults Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery, Osama Shoair

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a deterioration in cognitive function that occurs after surgery as measured by neuropsychological tests. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for POCD in older adults three months after major noncardiac surgery. Methods: This is a prospective study of patients aged 65 years and older who underwent major noncardiac surgery. Patients’ cognitive function was assessed before and three months after surgery using a computerized neurocognitive battery. Blood samples were withdrawn from patients before surgery to identify patients with high level of C-reactive protein (CRP), and patients who had …

Liposomal Fasudil, A Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, For Prolonged Pulmonary Preferential Vasodilation In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Vivek Gupta, Nilesh Gupta, Imam H. Shaik, Reza Mehvar, Ivan F. Mcmurty, Masahiko Osa, Eva Nozik-Grayck, Fakhrul Ahsan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Current pharmacological interventions for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) require continuous infusions, multiple inhalations, or oral administration of drugs that act on various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. However, invasive methods of administration, short duration of action, and lack of pulmonary selectivity result in noncompliance and poor patient outcomes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that encapsulation of an investigational anti-PAH molecule fasudil (HA-1077), a Rho-kinase inhibitor, into liposomal vesicles results in prolonged vasodilation in distal pulmonary arterioles. Liposomes were prepared by hydration and extrusion method and fasudil was loaded by ammonium sulfate-induced transmembrane electrochemical gradient. Liposomes were …