Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Rupture Test And Bioavailability Of Oil-Soluble Vitamins, Lipika Chablani

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

Bioavailability of multi-vitamins as dietary supplements has always been a concern. Dissolution studies have been successfully used to predict drug release of bioactive molecules, but with vitamins there are some exceptions. United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) defines the dissolution requirements of multi-vitamin supplements based on the composition and type of dosage form. As oil-soluble vitamins do not meet the criterion of “dissolution”, the performance of dosage forms containing such vitamins is evaluated by disintegration studies primarily. Dissolution studies are not applicable for such dosage forms [1].

Combination Of Sirna-Directed Gene Silencing With Cisplatin Reverses Drug Resistance In Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Shanthi Ganesh, Arun K. Iyer, Jan Weller, David V. Morrissey, Mansoor M. Amiji

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

One of the most challenging aspects of lung cancer therapy is the rapid acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. One effective approach would be to identify and downregulate resistance-causing genes in tumors using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic challenge. After identifying the overexpressed resistance-related antiapoptotic genes (survivin and bcl-2) in cisplatin-resistant cells, the siRNA sequences were designed and screened to select the most efficacious candidates. Modifications were introduced in them to minimize off-target effects. Subsequently, the combination of siRNA and cisplatin that gave the maximum synergy was identified in resistant cells. We then …

A Novel Biorelevant In Vitro System To Predict The In Vivo Performance Of Oral Transmucosal Products, Poonam Delvadia

Theses and Dissertations

In vitro dissolution, release and permeation testing is a common practice during drug product research and development. These in vitro tests, if predictive, are referred to as biorelevant tests and can play diverse roles to facilitate and expedite product development in a cost effective manner. Oral transmucosal products (OTPs) are currently tested using compendial and modified in vitro tests which may or may not be good predictors of in vivo performance due to a lack of biorelevance. A critical need for a broadly applicable and biorelevant in vitro system for OTPs has been expressed in the literature and the goal …

Computational And Experimental Insights Into The Mechanism Of Substrate Recognition And Feedback Inhibition Of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase, Ge-Fei Hao, Ying Tan, Sheng-Gang Yang, Zhi-Fang Wang, Chang-Guo Zhan, Zhen Xi, Guang-Fu Yang

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO; EC 1.3.3.4) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the last common step in the pathway leading to heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Great interest in PPO inhibitors arises from both its significance to agriculture and medicine. However, the discovery of PPO inhibitors with ultrahigh potency and selectivity is hampered due to lack of structural and mechanistic understanding about the substrate recognition, which remains a longstanding question central in porphyrin biology. To understand the mechanism, a novel binding model of protogen (protoporphyrinogen IX, the substrate) was developed through extensive computational simulations. Subsequently, amino acid residues that are critical for …

Dose Ratios Between High Dose Oral Morphine Or Equivalents And Oral Methadone, Megan S. Chatham, Elizabeth S. Dodds Ashley, Jefferson S. Svengsouk, Katherine Juba

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background: Methadone is a commonly used opioid in hospice and palliative care for patients with refractory pain. Various methadone dose conversion methods utilize progressively higher morphine equivalent dose (MED) to methadone dose ratios to compensate for increased methadone potency with escalating opioid doses.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the dose ratio between equianalgesic doses of high dose oral morphine (daily doses >1200 mg morphine or MED) and oral methadone.

Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of 324 patients who received methadone at Strong Memorial Hospital or the associated outpatient clinic during a nine-month period …

Random Mutagenesis Of The Aspergillus Oryzae Genome Results In Fungal Antibacterial Activity, Cory A. Leonard, Stacy D. Brown, James Russell Hayman

ETSU Faculty Works

Multidrug-resistant bacteria cause severe infections in hospitals and communities. Development of new drugs to combat resistant microorganisms is needed. Natural products of microbial origin are the source of most currently available antibiotics. We hypothesized that random mutagenesis of Aspergillus oryzae would result in secretion of antibacterial compounds. To address this hypothesis, we developed a screen to identify individual A. oryzae mutants that inhibit the growth of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. To randomly generate A. oryzae mutant strains, spores were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Over 3000 EMS-treated A. oryzae cultures were tested in the screen, and one isolate, …

Synthesis, Testing And Crystallographic Studies Of Allosteric Modifiers Of Hemoglobin, Tanvi Deshpande

Theses and Dissertations

The major physiological function of hemoglobin (Hb) is to bind, transport and deliver oxygen to tissues; made efficient by endogenous effectors, such as protons and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Synthetic allosteric effectors of Hb (AEHs) are also known to modulate Hb oxygen affinity, showing potential for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) and ischemic-related diseases. In this project, AEHs which increase Hb affinity for oxygen, including derivatives of the anti-sickling compounds, 5HMF and benzaldehydes, as well as an AEH that decreases Hb affinity for oxygen, RSR-13, were synthesized for their effects on Hb oxygen binding property and their capability to release NO …

Analgesic Effect Of A Mixed T-Type Channel Inhibitor/Cb2 Receptor Agonist, Vinicius M. Gadotti, Haitao You, Ravil R. Petrov, N. Daniel Berger, Philippe Diaz, Gerald W. Zamponi

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Cannabinoid receptors and T-type calcium channels are potential targets for treating pain. Here we report on the design, synthesis and analgesic properties of a new mixed cannabinoid/T-type channel ligand, NMP-181. Results: NMP-181 action on CB1 and CB2 receptors was characterized in radioligand binding and in vitro GTP gamma[S-35] functional assays, and block of transiently expressed human Cav3.2 T-type channels by NMP-181 was analyzed by patch clamp. The analgesic effects and in vivo mechanism of action of NMP-181 delivered spinally or systemically were analyzed in formalin and CFA mouse models of pain. NMP-181 inhibited peak Ca(V)3.2 currents with IC50 values …

The College Of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University

Jackrabbits Script and Scope (Formerly called College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Magazine)

[Page] 2 Endowed professorship created A trust created by a pharmacist who never attended college is providing the funds for the college’s first endowed professorship.
[Page] 3 Berry power The inaugural speaker at the Francis Miller Lecture extols the value of blueberries in fighting cancer — and he’s got the research to prove it. [Page] 4 Medication safety Deidra Van Gilder and Tasha Rausch are part of a national effort to curb medication mistakes through the Patient and Clinical Pharmacy Service Collaborative.
[Page] 6 Ashley Potter The P3 student took a rather indirect route to leadership in a student pharmaceutical …

Teaching Residents To Teach: Preparing Faculty And Clinical Educators, Sarah Nisly, Tracy Sprunger, Alison Walton, Tracy Costello, Jane M. Gervasio, Mary H. Andritz

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Abstract from the 114th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, July 13-17, 2013.

Tigecycline Induction Of Phenol-Soluble Modulins By Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains, Jason Yamaki, Timothy Synold, Annie Wong-Beringer

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

We examined the effects of tigecycline on three types of exoproteins, α-type phenol-soluble modulins (PSMα1 to PSMα4), α-hemolysin, and protein A, in 13 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates compared to those of clindamycin and linezolid. Paradoxical increases in PSMαs occurred in 77% of the isolates with tigecycline at 1/4 and 1/8 MICs and clindamycin at 1/8 MIC compared to only 23% of the isolates with linezolid at 1/8 MIC. Induction was specific to PSMα₁ to PSMα₄, as protein A and α-hemolysin production was decreased under the same conditions by all of the antibiotics used.

Metal-Based Nanoparticle Interactions With The Nervous System: The Challenge Of Brain Entry And The Risk Of Retention In The Organism, Robert A. Yokel, Eric A. Grulke, Robert C. Macphail

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

This review of metal-based nanoparticles focuses on factors influencing their distribution into the nervous system, evidence they enter brain parenchyma, and nervous system responses. Gold is emphasized as a model metal-based nanoparticle and for risk assessment in the companion review. The anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, basics of colloid chemistry, and environmental factors that influence what cells see are reviewed to provide background on the biological, physical–chemical, and internal milieu factors that influence nervous system nanoparticle uptake. The results of literature searches reveal little nanoparticle research included the nervous system, which about equally involved in vitro and in …

Pharmacy Law Brief: Exclusion Of Practitioners From Federally Funded Health Programs, Joseph L. Fink Iii

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gene Transfer Of Mutant Mouse Cholinesterase Provides High Lifetime Expression And Reduced Cocaine Responses With No Evident Toxicity, Liyi Geng, Yang Gao, Xiabin Chen, Shurong Hou, Chang-Guo Zhan, Zoran Radic, Robin J. Parks, Stephen J. Russell, Linh Pham, Stephen Brimijoin

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Gene transfer of a human cocaine hydrolase (hCocH) derived from butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by 5 mutations (A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G) has shown promise in animal studies for treatment of cocaine addiction. To predict the physiological fate and immunogenicity of this enzyme in humans, a comparable enzyme was created and tested in a conspecific host. Thus, similar mutations (A199S/S227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G) were introduced into mouse BChE to obtain a mouse CocH (mCocH). The cDNA was incorporated into viral vectors based on: a) serotype-5 helper-dependent adenovirus (hdAD) with ApoE promoter, and b) serotype-8 adeno-associated virus with CMV promoter (AAV-CMV) or multiple promoter and enhancer elements (AAV-VIP). Experiments on …

Use Of Parthenolide Derivatives As Antileukemic And Cytotoxic Agents, Peter A. Crooks, Craig T. Jordan, Xiaochen Wei

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

To view this abstract, please download this patent.

Collaborative Pharmacy Practice: An Update, Anandi V. Law, Eric K. Gupta, Micah Hata, Karl M. Hess, Roger S. Klotz, Quang A. Le, Emmanuelle Schwartzmann, Bik-Wai Bilvick Tai

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Collaborative practice among health professionals is slowly coming of age, given the global focus on efficiency and effectiveness of care to achieve positive patient outcomes and to reduce the economic burden of fragmented care. Collaborative pharmacy practice (CPP) is accordingly evolving within different models including: disease management, medication therapy management, patient centered medical home, and accountable care organizations. Pharmacist roles in these models relate to drug therapy management and include therapy introduction, adjustment, or discontinuation, patient counseling and education, and identification, resolution, and prevention of problems leading to drug interactions and adverse reactions. Most forms of CPP occur with physicians …

Morphine And Hydromorphone-Induced Hyperalgesia In A Hospice Patient, Katherine Juba, Robert G. Wahler, Susan M. Daron

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Opioids including morphine and hydromorphone are widely used for control of moderate to severe pain and dyspnea in hospice and palliative care patients. Accumulation of the active morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and hydromorphone-3-glucuronide (H3G) metabolites is one proposed mechanism for the development of neuroexcitatory effects including allodynia and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). We report the case of a 43-year-old female hospice patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who initially developed allodynia following morphine administration and again following administration of hydromorphone. The allodynia resolved both times following the discontinuation of the opioid and rotation to a different opioid regimen. Potential opioid-induced neuroexcitatory treatment …

Evolution Of Preprofessional Pharmacy Curricula, Brenda L. Gleason, Mark V. Siracuse, Nader H. Moniri, Christine R. Birnie, Curtis T. Okamoto, Michael A. Crouch

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objectives. To examine changes in preprofessional pharmacy curricular requirements and trends, and determine rationales for and implications of modifications.

Methods. Prerequisite curricular requirements compiled between 2006 and 2011 from all doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs approved by the Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education were reviewed to ascertain trends over the past 5 years. An online survey was conducted of 20 programs that required either 3 years of prerequisite courses or a bachelor’s degree, and a random sample of 20 programs that required 2 years of prerequisites. Standardized telephone interviews were then conducted with representatives of 9 programs.

Results. In 2006, …

Research Fatigue Among Injecting Drug Users In Karachi, Pakistan, Aysha Zahidie, Arshad Altaf, Adeel Ahsan, Tanzil Jamali

Community Health Sciences

Background

Karachi is the largest metropolis of Pakistan and its economic hub attracting domestic migrants for economic opportunities. It is also the epicenter of HIV epidemic in the country. Since 2004, one pilot study and four behavioral and biological surveillance rounds have been conducted in Karachi. In addition many student research projects have also focused on key risk groups including injection drug users (IDUs). As a result of this extra ordinary exposure of same kind of questions, IDUs know how to respond to high value questions related to sharing of needles or unsafe sexual practices. The purpose of the study …

The Effects Of Para-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid And Different Oxidative And Sulfhydryl Agents On A Novel, Non-At1, Non-At2 Angiotensin Binding Site Identified As Neurolysin, Kira L. Santos, Megan A. Vento, John W. Wright, Robert C. Speth

HPD Articles

A novel, non-AT1, non-AT2 brain binding site for angiotensin peptides that is unmasked by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) has been identified as a membrane associated variant of neurolysin. The ability of different organic and inorganic oxidative and sulfhydryl reactive agents to unmask or inhibit 125I-Sar1Ile8 angiotensin II (SI-Ang II) binding to this site was presently examined. In tissue membranes from homogenates of rat brain and testis incubated in assay buffer containing losartan (10 μM) and PD123319 (10 μM) plus 100 μM PCMB, 5 of the 39 compounds tested inhibited 125I-SI Ang II binding in brain and testis. Mersalyl acid, mercuric chloride (HgCl2) …

Commencement Program 2013, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

1 | Message from the President

3 | 2013 Events of Commencement

5 | The Academic Procession

7 | Significance of Academic Regalia

9 | The Good Samaritan

10 | University History Highlights

12 | Loma Linda University Song - "Healing Love"

13 | The Speakers

23 | The University Honorees

45 | The School Honorees

64 | The Programs

• School of Medicine, 65
• School of Pharmacy, 83
• School of Dentistry, 90
• School of Behavioral Health and School of Religion, 107
• School of Nursing, 120
• School of Pubic Health, 129
• School of Allied Health Professions - Physical Therapy, 145 …

Block Copolymer Self-Assembled And Cross-Linked Nanoassemblies For Combination Delivery Of Iron Oxide And Doxorubicin, Daniel Scott, Yihwa Beabout, Robert J. Wydra, Mo Dan, Robert A. Yokel, J. Zach Hilt, Younsoo Bae

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

We describe the development of nanoscale polymer drug carriers for the combinational delivery of an anticancer drug (doxorubicin: DOX) along with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The drug molecules were electrostatically loaded into both block copolymer self-assembled nanoassemblies (SNAs) and cross-linked nanoassemblies (CNAs). Both nanoassemblies entrapped DOX and IONPs either individually or in tandem, maintaining sub-100 nm diameter. The IONP-loaded nanoassemblies generated heat in the presence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Incorporation of the drug payload, DOX, showed no adverse effects on the heating profile. Drug release from the SNAs and CNAs was accelerated as temperature increased from …

Standardized Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing And Influence On Target Concentrations, Tibisay Villalobos Md, Jenny Boucher Pharmd, Jd, Bcps

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Stability Of Diluted Adenosine Solutions In Polyolefin Infusion Bags, Elise Almagambetova, David Hutchinson, Danielle M. Blais, Fang Zhao

Doctoral External Publications

Background

Intravenous or intracoronary adenosine is used in the cardiac catherization lab to achieve maximal coronary blood flow and determine fractional flow reserve.

Objective

To determine the stability of adenosine 10 and 50 µg/mL in either 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection in polyolefin infusion bags stored at 2 temperatures, refrigeration (2°C-8°C) or controlled room temperature (20°C-25°C).

Methods

Adenosine 10 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL solutions were prepared in 50 mL polyolefin infusion bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection and stored at controlled room temperature or under refrigeration. Each combination of concentration, diluent, and storage …

Crash Course In United States Pharmacopeia Standard 797 (Usp 797): Investigation Of Positive Sterility Cultures From A Hospital Pharmacy Preparation, Terry Burger Mba, Bsn, Rn, Ne-Bc, Cic, Deborah Fry Mt (Ascp), Mba, Cic, Gary Tallarita Mt (Ascp), Cindy L. Mitman Pharm D

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Closing The Gap: Revising Sterility Testing Policies And Procedures Based On The United States Pharmacopeia (Usp) 797 Guidelines And A Near Miss, Cindy L. Mitman Pharm D, Terry Burger Mba, Bsn, Rn, Ne-Bc, Cic, Deborah Fry Mt (Ascp), Mba, Cic, Gary Tallarita Mt (Ascp)

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Hollow Fiber Membrane-Based Air Gap Membrane Distillation, Xuan Wang

Theses

Membrane Distillation (MD) is a thermally-driven separation process. In this research, desalination of 1 % NaCl solution is achieved by one type of MD namely, Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD). The characteristics of AGMD are evaluated by using a hollow-fiber-set-based compact device. Hot brine solution and cold water are passed through two different fiber sets separately: porous hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fibers of the E type (PVDF E) and solid polypropylene (PP) hollow fibers. Vapor from the hot brine crosses the membrane pores of the PVDF fibers and the air gap, and finally condenses over the surface of solid hollow …

Effect Of Tablet Compression On The Dissolution Of Aspirin Tablets Using A Novel Off-Center Paddle Impeller (Opi) Dissolution Testing System, Chuan Sun

Theses

In the pharmaceutical industry, dissolution testing is routinely carried out to determine the dissolution rate of oral solid dosage forms. Among several testing devices, the USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 is the device most commonly used. However, despite its widespread use, this apparatus has been shown to produce test failures and to be very sensitive to a number of small geometry changes.

The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel dissolution system termed “OPI” for “off-center paddle impeller” was sensitive enough to determine differences in tablet dissolution profiles caused by different compression pressure during the tablet manufacturing process. …

Dissolution Of Different Commercial Aspirin Tablets Using A Novel Off-Center Paddle Impeller (Opi) Dissolution Testing System, Yang Qu

Theses

Dissolution testing is routinely conducted in the pharmaceutical industry to provide in vitro drug release information for quality control purposes. The most common dissolution testing system for solid dosage forms is the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2. In this work, a modified Apparatus 2, termed "OPI" System for "off-center paddle impeller," in which the impeller is placed 8 mm off center in the vessel is tested to determine its sensitivity to differentiate between the dissolution profiles of differently formulated and manufactured tablets. Dissolution tests are conducted with both the OPI System and the Standard System using three …

Qsar Modeling Of Chemical Penetration Enhancers Using Novel Replacement Algorithms, Hui Qiu

Theses

The applications of transdermal delivery are limited because of the resistance of the skin to drug diffusion. Only potent drugs, with molecular weight less than 500 Da, are suitable to cross the skin barrier. Chemical Penetration Enhancers (CPEs) are used to promote the absorption of solutes across the dermal layers. In this investigation, a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model is applied to relate chemical penetration enhancer structures with the flux enhancement ratio through a statistical approach.

A database, consisting of 61 non-polar CPEs, is selected for the study. Each compound is represented by 777 QSAR descriptors, which encode the physical …