Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Lavender Aromatherapy: Ready For Prime-Time Office Use?, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The editor-in-chief of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews comments on the perioperative use of lavender aromatherapy and its potential to relieve pain and anxiety during minor primary care office procedures.

Antiproliferative And Apoptotic Effects Of Proteins From Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa) On Human Breast Mcf-7 Cancer Cell Line, Yamna Khursid, Basir Syed, Shabana U. Simjee, Obaid Beg, Aftab Ahmed

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Nigella sativa (NS), a member of family Ranunculaceae is commonly known as black seed or kalonji. It has been well studied for its therapeutic role in various diseases, particularly cancer. Literature is full of bioactive compounds from NS seed. However, fewer studies have been reported on the pharmacological activity of proteins. The current study was designed to evaluate the anticancer property of NS seed proteins on the MCF-7 cell line.

Methods

NS seed extract was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and proteins were precipitated using 80% ammonium sulfate. The crude seed proteins were partially purified using gel filtration …

Correlating The Physicochemical Properties Of Magnesium Stearate With Tablet Dissolution And Lubrication, Julie L. Calahan

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipient and is present in over half the tablet formulations on the market. In spite of its popularity as an effective lubricant, it has been repeatedly recognized that there is significant variability between MgSt samples, which can cause inconsistent lubrication between batches of MgSt. The hypothesis of this research is that the batch-to-batch variability in tablet lubrication and dissolution observed in tablet formulations containing different MgSt samples can be correlated with differences in MgSt physicochemical properties (fatty acid salt composition, crystal hydrate form, particle size and surface area). Developing correlations between …

Characterization And Engineering Of Interrupted Adenylation Domains, Taylor A. Lundy

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Nature has historically served as a prolific source of biologically active molecules produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria termed natural products (NPs). These NPs often serve as therapeutic leads due to their structural diversity and unique mechanisms of action. However, many need modifications to make them more effective or safer for human use. This can be a daunting and complicated task to do via traditional organic chemistry because of their complexity, copious stereocenters, and a multitude of reactive functional groups. For this reason, enzymatic modification of these NP during their biosynthesis is an appealing option. One major class of NPs …

Dietary Xanthones, Dina M. El-Kersh, Mohamed A. Farag, Hesham R. Elseedi, Omar M. Khattab

Pharmacy

Xanthones, polyphenolic compounds, are one of the most important classes in natural products, as they exhibit variety of pharmacological and health benefits, i.e., anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Xanthones can be found in higher plants that are used as food sources.

Variability In Antibacterial Activity In The Caribbean Sponge Amphimedon Compressa, Mackenzie Reilly

Honors Theses

Coral reefs are essential ecosystems that provide an abundance of natural resources. Sponges, common reef inhabitants, produce a diversity of secondary metabolites that are known to serve as chemical defenses. Secondary metabolites often have ecological functions, such as antipredator and antibacterial activities. I studied the common Caribbean sponge species, Amphimedon compressa, which is known to be chemically defended. Samples were collected from three sites in Belize, two sites in Grand Cayman, and three sites in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. To determine whether antibacterial activity varied across broad or local geographic scales, sponge extracts were tested against four bacterial strains …

Effects Of Topical Application Of Combined Phyllanthus Emblica Linn. And Simvastatin On Diabetic Wound In Mice, Tingting Liao

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Non-healing diabetic foot ulcers are the most common cause of lower extremity amputation. Drug combination treatment is the most recent emerging strategy in local treatment of diabetic wound. This study aimed to find out the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of combined Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) and simvastatin (SIM) on diabetic wound in mice. Male BALB/C mice were divided into five groups: control group (CON+Vehicle), diabetic wounded group (DM+Vehicle, streptozotocin 45 mg/kg. i.p. daily for 5 days), diabetic wounded groups with daily treatment of 100%PE cream, 5%SIM cream, and 100%PE+5%SIM combined cream, w/v, for 4 days, 7 days and 14 …

Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antimalarial Activity And Genetic Diversity Of Selected Asteraceae Medicinal Plants Indigenous To Thailand, Desy Liana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The emergence of artemisinin resistance leaded the effort to find the new antimalarial drug or artemisinin activity booster. Due to the chance that secondary metabolites can be evolutionary conserved, combining phylogeny with ethnobotanical data for screening antimalarial activity may be helpful to predict bioactivity and minimize the expenditure and time for laboratory research. The aimed of this study is screening the antimalarial activity, phytochemicals and genetic diversity of selected Asteraceae medicinal plants generated by combinatorial phylogeny and ethnobotanical data. 733 medicinal plants were obtained from literature search however only 340 taxa were met the inclusion and exclusion criteria hence these …

Pharmacognostic Specification And Rotenone Content In Derris Elliptica Stems, Macroscopic, Microscopic And Molecular Identification Of Selected Derris Species In Thailand, Krittapat Phairoh

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The genus Derris belonging to Fabaceae family are distributed along the equatorial zone in Africa and Asia. In Thailand, 16 species of Derris species can be found throughout the country. Derris elliptica (Hanglai-Dang), is well-known among fishermen and gardeners as fish poison and insecticide, especially the stem and root which contain isoflavonoid compound named rotenone. This study established the pharmacognostic specification of Derris elliptica dried stem crude drug and developed the quantitative analysis of rotenone content in D. elliptica stem using TLC-densitometry and image analysis. The physico-chemical parameters of D. elliptica stem included total ash, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying …

Chemical Components Of Ocimum Basilicum L. And Ocimum Tenuiflorum L. Stem Essential Oils And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant Activities Using Dpph Method, Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti, Hariyanti, Nurkamalia, Sahera Nurhidayah

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. are two types of plants from Ocimum (Lamiaceae). One of their chemical compounds is essential oil. Essential oil might have an antioxidant activities. The part of the plants which are often wasted and never used are stem. This study aimed to analyze the chemical components of O. basilicum L. and O. tenuiflorum L. stem essential oils and evaluate their antioxidant activities. Essential oils were obtained by steam-water distillation. Analysis of chemical component of essential oil was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities were evaluated with DPPH method and then the IC50 …

Identification And Evaluation Of Antibacterial Compounds From The Vibrio Sp. Associated With The Ascidian Pycnoclavella Diminuta, Abdurraafi’ Maududi Dermawan, Elin Julianti, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

This study aims to obtain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity from bacteria endophytic of ascidian Pycnoclavella diminuta collected from the coast of Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was started with screening antibacterial activity of six bacteria isolated from P. diminuta. The active bacteria were selected for identification using standard biological molecular method and further fermentation to produce secondary metabolites. The isolation of secondary metabolites was conducted by various chromatography method and then selected fraction was based on the antibacterial activity from bioautography results. The result showed that the active isolate by coding M2.Tnk.Bt 5.10-3.2 was identified as Vibrio …

Cytotoxic Activity Of Stem Of Pycnarrhena Cauliflora Through Apoptosis Induction On Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47d, Masriani, Rudiyansyah, Rini Muharini, Eny Enawaty

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Cytotoxic activities of extracts of Pycnarrhena cauliflora leaves, stems and roots on some human cancer cells have been known. However, the cytotoxicity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora on human breast cancer cell line T47D through an apoptosis induction has not been proven yet. This study was an effort in understanding the cytotoxic activity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora through apoptosis induction. The crude ethanol extract was partitioned between n-hexane and dichloromethane at pH 3, 7 and 9, which was subsequently tested for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line T47D by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Flow cytometric …

Model Hewan Coba Pada Penelitian Diabetes, Fauzul Husna, Franciscus D. Suyatna, Wawaimuli Arozal, Erni H. Purwaningsih

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The animal model has been widely used and contributed vastly to the scientific research over the years. While it can be used as an alternate subject in a study, the selection of the animal is crucial to assess and investigate the influence of the environment and genes on the pathogenesis of a disease. Many factors contribute to the choosing of the animal. They can be ranged from the similarities with the modelled object, easily looked after with less expensive cost, good reproductive performance, ability to produce blood and tissue samples, well-known genetic composition, and the status of the disease can …

Cannabinoids For The Treatment Of Chronic Headaches, Kevin Krivanek, Lucy K. Wagala, Brian Heilbronner, Kimberly Loughlin, David Kinder

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Species of the Cannabis plant genus were among the earliest medicinal plants cultivated by man, with historical accounts of their medicinal uses dating back before the Common Era. Despite its current legal status, Cannabis has garnered nationwide attention as a therapeutic agent for various disease states, including chronic headaches, due to its medical indications as an antispastic, analgesic, antiemetic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent. Since headaches have a high prevalence in the American population and greatly impair simple daily aspects of living, chronic headaches have become a particular point of interest in regard to the therapeutic potential of Cannabis. Clinical trials …

Marijuana And Its Cardiovascular Implications, Albert Bui, Daniel Powell, Victoria Cho, Kelsey Lindsley, Lindsey Peters

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

As marijuana becomes legalized for medical use, it is important for prescribers and pharmacists to be knowledgeable about the important aspects of marijuana such as mechanism of action, indications and abuse potential. Although marijuana's medicinal benefits are frequently reported, the risks, namely cardiovascular risks, associated with its utilization are often overlooked. Use of marijuana has been reported to increase the risk of myocardial infarction, tachycardia and hypotension, among others. Health care providers must determine if marijuana's benefits outweigh such risks when marijuana therapy is an option. It is also important for pharmacists to understand how to successfully counsel patients using …

Preserving Ancient Cultures Through Medicinal Narratives, Mckenzie Jewel Moss

Honors Projects

“Preserving Ancient Cultures through Medicinal Narratives” is a comprehensive project that takes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the effects that culture has on health. The project as a whole includes the initial work and readings I performed to better understand differences in healing between the cultures found throughout South America, where Inca culture is still prevalent, and that of the Unites States, as well as an independent documentary. The documentary contains my own personal commentary complemented by video clips of interviews I performed with individuals living in South America.

Structure Elucidation Of A Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Alkaloid And A Biologically Active Polyketide Produced By Rhodococcus Sp. Mtm3w5.2 Via Two-Dimensional Nmr Spectroscopy, Garrett Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As the battle against ever-increasing drug resistence bacteria rages on, novel and sometimes more complex natural products can be used to combat this. In this study, two-dimensional NMR techniques were utilized to collect a complete spectral data set for two natural products. The first structure, a synthesized Pyrrolobenzodiazepine alkaloid natural product was confirmed through these methods. The second, a strain of Rhodococcus, MTM3W5.2, produces a novel antibacterial molecule in broth cultures and the active compound was fractionated using a Sephedex LH-20 column. Chromatographic purification yielded a pure sample at 58.90 minutes, RT.58. HRMS data deduced an exact mass of …

Evidence For The Potential Use Of Polyphenols And Their Derivatives In Moderating Allergic Immune Responses, Jamie Kellner, Lindsay Mark, Kasie Bellmann, Kelly Shields

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds that are found within numerous plant sources. They have a wide variety of structures and functions and have potential clinical uses in multiple disease states. Emerging studies involving polyphenols have demonstrated their antioxidative properties, as well as reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Due to these discoveries, there has been a marked increase in research related to the chemical properties of polyphenols and their potential uses in prevention of common acquired and inherited disease states. This article focuses on the effects that some polyphenolic compounds exert on immune function in regard …

Determining The Binding Site Of Org27569 Within The Cb1 Receptor, Ayooluwa O. Aderibigbe, Pankaj Pandey, Robert J. Doerksen

Annual Poster Session 2019

Computational studies to determine the binding site of ORG27569, a negative allosteric modulator, within the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) reveal an intracellular binding domain as the most favorable binding site for ORG27569.

Which Factors Influence The Usage And Perceptions Of Medicinal Plants In Kizanda Village (Lushoto District) And Ushongo Village (Tanga District)?, Callie Smith

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The objective of this study was to compare and examine which factors impact usage and perceptions of traditional medicine in Ushongo Mtoni and Kizanda villages. More specifically, this study aimed to gain an understanding of the usages, with a specific focus on gendered usages of medicinal plants in Kizanda village and Ushongo Mtoni village and to try to examine the differences in perceptions towards traditional medicine usage in Kizanda and Ushongo. Additionally, this study aimed to determine if there are any major themes that are constant with medicinal plants in both Ushongo and Kizanda. In order to conduct this study …

Treatment Options For Seasonal Affective Disorder, Lauren D. Bajbus, Amanda M. Meyer, Kristen M. Quertinmont, Sarah E. Drake, Alison L. Huet, Shane Martin

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Many patients who have undiagnosed Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) may come into the pharmacy to try to self-treat their symptoms with over-the-counter and herbal drugs. Often, patients don't recognize their symptoms as a true depressive disorder since they are not constant. The pharmacist has the opportunity to talk to these patients, educate them on the disease state and explain that they do have options, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic. It also is important for pharmacists to point out any interactions that the herbal or over-the-counter medications may have with other medications and to refer patients to their physician for further treatment. …

Osteoarthritis: Natural Supplements For Joint Health, Katherine Salay, Kimberly Gathers, Lindsey Mcclish, Lisa Vranekovic, Kristen Seaman, Ryan W. Naseman

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

An estimated 46 million adults in the U.S. are affected by arthritis, with osteoarthritis (OA) being the most common. Due to the limited pharmacologic therapy available to treat this condition, many patients are turning to dietary supplements to relieve their symptoms. Some of the most popular supplements available for the treatment of OA are glucosamine, chrondroitin and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), but many less studied products are also available. Due to limited evidence of efficacy, it is difficult to make a strong recommendation for any of these products; however, pharmacists must be able to educate the patients that choose to use these …

Proteomic Evaluation And Cytotoxicity Of Red Maple (Acer Rubrum) Leaves, Saud Alshammari

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Red maple (Acer rubrum), also known as swamp, water or soft maple, is endemic to eastern and central North America and was widely used as traditional medicine by the first peoples. Commercially, its well-known products include maple syrup and high-quality lumber. The potential medicinal benefits of phenolic compounds extracted from the red maple plant, such as glucitol-core containing gallotannins, include antioxidant, and antiglycation effects as well as their importance in cosmetic applications. Plant-derived proteins and peptides are important biomolecules; however to date, there is no published data on the identification of proteins/peptides from red maple leaves. Therefore, the …

Altering The Regiospecificity Of C6 Indole Prenyltransferase Enzymes Towards Drug Development, Ahmed R. Aoun

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Prenyltransferase (PT) biocatalysts are late-stage tailoring enzymes that modify natural products. PTs catalyze the attachment of prenyl moieties to natural product acceptors using pyrophosphate donors. This prenyl modification in small molecules leads to changes in structural and biological activities. Understanding the structural insights as well as the mechanisms by which PTs function allows us to utilize PTs as a unique approach towards drug development. PriB PT is an example of aromatic PTs that has been characterized previously as a L-tryptophan (L-Trp) C6 C-prenyltransferase (C6-C-PT). Analysis of PriB binding pocket, highlighted key residues that might play an important …

An Evaluation Of The Medicinal Plants Of Andros Island, Bahamas, Vivian Pedrozo

Theses and Dissertations

The earliest civilizations have been using plants as their foundation for healing and medicinal traditions for thousands of years. The use of plant medicinals, more commonly known as “bush medicine” on Andros Island, has been rapidly decreasing due an increased presence of western medicine and increased population pressures from urbanization that are threatening local biodiversity hotspots. Ethnobotany is not only important from a conservation standpoint but is also used to preserve traditional knowledge of herbal medicinals and applications, the people of Andros continue to rely on bush medicine, mainly in the form of teas to help manage health related problems. …

Integration Of Native American Medicinal Plants Into The Heber W. Youngken Jr. Garden, Emily Lyn Murray

Senior Honors Projects

Healthcare among Native American tribes was focused on all aspects of a patient’s life, such as physical, spiritual, and environmental elements. Healthy outcomes were obtained by maintaining a balance among all of these components. This “bio-psycho-socio-spiritual” approach to healthcare was thought to not only play a role in the health of a certain individual, but the health of the tribe as a whole. An illness was not only precipitated by a physical source, but by an imbalance of these components. Medicinal plants served as an integral role in direct physical healing, as well as an important element for the execution …

The Characterization Of A New Metabolite From A Trichodesmium Bloom, Kelly M. Mcmanus

Senior Honors Projects

Our laboratory has been investigating blooms of Trichodesmium, a genus of ecologically important, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, collected from Padre Island in the Gulf of Mexico. Trichodesmium species are an underexplored biological source of cyanobacteria – a taxa that has been shown to produce chemically diverse secondary metabolites. With our focus on the isolation and structure characterization of new bioactive marine natural products, our research group has discovered over 25 new-to-science compounds over the past three years from these blooms. UV and mass spectrometry-guided isolation of Trichodesmium chromatography fractions were utilized to isolate a new metabolite. Isolation of this metabolite was …

Dietary Supplement Safety: A 25 Year Retrospective Assessment, Bill Gurley

Oxford ICSB

Passage of the Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act (DSHEA) in 1994 ushered in a new category of consumer products known as dietary supplements (DS). DSHEA’s definition of a dietary supplement encompasses a wide variety of products from multivitamins and single-ingredient botanical extracts, to “proprietary blends” of multiple botanical extracts and/or vitamins and minerals. Almost from their inception, safety concerns regarding certain categories of “proprietary blends” have plagued the DS industry. Most notable of these involved Ephedra-containing DS, whose questionable safety record led to their removal from the U.S. market in 2004 by the FDA after a 10-year period of …

A Randomized, Controlled Trial On The Effects Of Almonds On Lipoprotein Response To A Higher Carbohydrate, Lower Fat Diet In Men And Women With Abdominal Adiposity., Paul T. Williams, Nathalie Bergeron, Sally Chiu, Ronald M. Krauss

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

BACKGROUND: Almonds have been shown to lower LDL cholesterol but there is limited information regarding their effects on the dyslipidemia characterized by increased levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles that is associated with abdominal adiposity and high carbohydrate intake. The objective of the present study was to test whether substitution of almonds for other foods attenuates carbohydrate-induced increases in small, dense LDL in individuals with increased abdominal adiposity.

METHODS: This was a randomized cross-over study of three 3wk diets, separated by 2wk washouts: a higher-carbohydrate (CHO) reference diet (CHO

RESULTS: Relative to …

Purification And Characterization Of A Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein 1 (Nsltp1) From Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi) Seeds, Meshal Nazeer, Humera Waheed, Maria Saeed, Saman Yousuf Ali, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Zaheer Ul-Haq, Aftab Ahmed

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) belongs to the family Umbelliferae, is commonly used in traditional, and folk medicine due to its carminative, stimulant, antiseptic, diuretic, antihypertensive, and hepatoprotective activities. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) reported from various plants are known to be involved in transferring lipids between membranes and in plants defense response. Here, we describe the complete primary structure of a monomeric non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 (nsLTP1), with molecular weight of 9.66 kDa, from ajwain seeds. The nsLTP1 has been purified by combination of chromatographic techniques, and further characterized by mass spectrometry, and Edman degradation. The ajwain nsLTP1 …