Surgery Commons^™

Commentary: Coronavirus, Cysts, And Catheters, Olugbenga Okusanya, Ibrahim Sultan

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a multicenter, multicountry study conducted in Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to characterize disease incidence among patients with enteric fever. We report the burden of enteric fever at selected sites of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: During September 2016 to September 2019, prospective surveillance was conducted at inpatient, outpatient, surgical departments, and laboratory networks of Aga Khan University Hospital, Kharadar General Hospital, and surgery units of National Institute of Child Health and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from all suspected …

Towards Pragmatic Adaptations: Orthopedic Surgery Amidst The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic, Maryam Ehtesham, Talal Almas, Muhammad Ali Niaz, Absam Akbar

Medical College Documents

No abstract provided.

Change In The Spectrum Of Orthopedic Trauma: Effects Of Covid-19 Pandemic In A Developing Nation During The Upsurge; A Cross-Sectional Study, Pervaiz Mahmood Hashmi, Marij Zahid, Syed Arif Ali, Hammad Naqi Khan, Anum Sadruddin Pidani, Alizah Pervaiz Hashmi, Shahryar Noordin

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a great impact on orthopedic surgery with a significant curtailment in elective surgeries which is the major bread and butter for orthopedic surgeons. It was also observed that the spectrum of orthopedic trauma injuries has shifted from more severe and frequent road traffic accidents (high energy trauma) to general, low energy house-hold injuries like low energy fractures in the elderly, pediatric fractures, house-hold sharp cut injuries and nail bed lacerations. The aim of this study is to appraise the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic surgical practice, both inpatient and outpatient facility.
Materials …

A Model For Evaluating The Biomechanics Of Rib Fracture Fixation., Devon M Myers, Sean P Mcgowan, Benjamin C Taylor, B Dale Sharpe, Kyle J Icke, Anup Gandhi

Surgery Articles

INTRODUCTION: High rates of morbidity and mortality following flail chest rib fractures are well publicized. Standard of care has been supportive mechanical ventilation, but serious complications have been reported. Internal rib fixation has shown improvements in pulmonary function, clinical outcomes, and decreased mortality. The goal of this study was to provide a model defining the biomechanical benefits of internal rib fixation.

METHODS: One human cadaver was prepared with an actuator providing anteroposterior forces to the thorax and rib motion sensors to define interfragmentary motion. Cadaveric model was validated using a prior study which defined costovertebral motion to create a protocol …

A Narrative Review Of Targeted Therapy In Meningioma, Pituitary Adenoma, And Craniopharyngioma Of The Skull Base., Nina L. Martinez, Omaditya Khanna, Christopher J. Farrell

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Management of solid tumors involving the skull base are primarily managed with surgery and radiation, though proximity to important vascular and neuroanatomic structures often limit the extent of resection and permissible radiation dose. Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and although the majority of skull base meningiomas are low-grade, their location in proximity to critical anatomical structures precludes aggressive surgical resection, and larger tumors are often resistant to radiation treatment. In patients with clinically aggressive, unresectable meningiomas, several molecular biomarkers of angiogenesis, as well as genetic mutations (SMO, AKT1, PIK3CA, KLF4, POLR2, SMARCE1, and TRAF7), have …

The Effect Of Obesity On Operative Time And Postoperative Complications For Peritrochanteric Femur Fractures., Hayden B Schuette, William M Durkin, Braden J Passias, Daniel Degenova, Carina Bertolini, Philip Myers, Benjamin C Taylor

Surgery Articles

Introduction The high prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States presents significant challenges to orthopedic surgeons. Obesity has been shown to increase operative time and complications in both elective and nonelective orthopedic surgeries. Despite this, there is a lack of literature evaluating the effect obesity has on operative time and postoperative complications following peritrochanteric fracture surgery. Methods and Materials We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent isolated operative stabilization of a peritrochanteric femur fracture at our urban level one trauma center between 2010 and 2018. Patients were divided into an obese group, as defined by a …

Innovation And New Technologies In Spine Surgery, Circa 2020: A Fifty-Year Review., G. Bryan Cornwall, Andrea Davis, William R. Walsh, Ralph J. Mobbs, Alexander Vaccaro

Rothman Institute Papers

Spine surgery (lumbar, cervical, deformity, and entire spine) has increased in volume and improved in outcomes over the past 50 years because of innovations in surgical techniques and introduction of new technologies to improve patient care. Innovation is described as a process to add value or create change in an enterprise's economic or social potential. This mini review will assess two of three assessments of innovation in spine surgery: scientific publications and patents issued. The review of both scientific publications and issued patents is a unique assessment. The third assessment of innovation: regulatory clearances of medical devices and equipment for …

Intraoperative Icg-Nir Fluorescence Angiography Visualization Of Testicular Perfusion In Operations For Testicular Torsion, Colton D. Wayne, Mohammad A. Emran, Leon Smith-Harrison, P. Stephen Almond, Haroon I. Patel, Shannon Koehler

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Purpose: Indocyanine Green (ICG) near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence angiography is used in assessing testicular perfusion after reduction of testicular torsion to assess tissue viability.

Introduction: Determination of viability of a testicle after reduction of a testicular torsion has been performed by numerous methods including visual assessment, Doppler ultrasound, and cutting the testicular capsule. Each of these has limitations, are not always reproducible, and may involve damage to the testicle and confusion of capsular blood flow for internal perfusion. A possible alternative to these methods is the use of ICG-NIR fluorescence angiography. ICG was FDA-approved in 1959 and has been …

Extended Cable For Left Ventricular Assist Devices For Monitoring Isolated Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Neal A. Waxali, James M. Kenward, Laurie P. Loza, Yasser Varona, Arvind Bhimaraj

The VAD Journal

We present a method to create an extended cable for patients who are supported by left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) while infected with SARS-CoV-2. The arrangement described facilitates the LVAD monitor console’s positioning outside of the patient’s room to minimize exposure of the mechanical circulatory support team to the novel coronavirus.

The Impact Of Parental Health Mindset On Postoperative Recovery In Children, Alexandra Kain, Claudia Mueller, Brenda J. Goliamu, Brooke N. Jenkins, Michelle A. Fortier

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Mindset, or one’s beliefs about the ability to change one’s outcomes, has been studied in the educational domain but not in surgical settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of parental health mindset on children’s recovery.

Methods

Participants were part of a larger National Institutes of Health‐funded trial that included 1470 children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. We used measures of parental coping style (Monitor Blunter Style Scale; MBSS) and medication attitudes (Medication Attitudes Questionnaire; MAQ) to validate the Health Beliefs Scale (HBS; Criterion validity, Cohen’s kappa). HBS categorizes parents as having a growth mindset, …

Can Awake Glioma Surgery Be The New Standard Of Care In Developing Countries?, Syed Sarmad Bukhari, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Neuroprotective Effect Of Tranexamic Acid: An Exploratory Analysis Of The Crash-3 Randomised Trial, Amy Brenner, Antonio Belli, Rizwana Chaudhri, Timothy Coats, Lauren Frimley, Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin, Rashid Jooma, Raoul Mansukhani, Peter Sandercock, Haleema Shakur-Still

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: The CRASH-3 trial hypothesised that timely tranexamic acid (TXA) treatment might reduce deaths from intracranial bleeding after traumatic brain injury (TBI). To explore the mechanism of action of TXA in TBI, we examined the timing of its effect on death.
Methods: The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9202 patients within 3 h of injury with a GCS score ≤ 12 or intracranial bleeding on CT scan and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo. We conducted an exploratory analysis of the effects of TXA on all-cause mortality within 24 h of injury and within 28 days, excluding patients with …

The Correlation Between Stone Nephrolithometry Score And Hemoglobin Drop In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, Mohammad Shoaib, Muhibullah Bangash, Basit Salam, Hammad Ather

Section of Urology

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between the STONE score [(S)ize of the stone, (T)opography or location, degree of (O)bstruction of the urinary system, (N)umber of stones, and (E)valuation of Hounsfield units] and postoperative hemoglobin drop in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
Methods: This was a prospective observational study and all adult patients aged 18-65 years undergoing unilateral, single-tract PCNL using 26 Ch. Amplatz sheath for renal calculi were included. The five variables of the STONE nephrolithometry score were calculated prior to the procedure. The stone-free rates were assessed on imaging at four weeks and complications …

Relationship Of Spot Urine Oxalate To Creatinine Ratio And 24 Hours Urinary Oxalate Excretion In Patients With Urolithiasis, Syed Bilal Hashmi, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Jamsheer Jehangir Talati, Wajahat Aziz, Aysha Habib Khan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: The evaluation of 24 h urinary oxalate excretion is the gold standard for diagnosing hyperoxaluria in patients with recurrent urolithiasis. However, 24 h urine sample collection is cumbersome. Therefore we aim to see if oxalate to creatinine ratio in random urine sample can be used as an alternative.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Aga Khan University Karachi from 1st February to December 31, 2019. A total of 62 adult patients, 18-60 years of age with history of kidney stones presenting to the clinical laboratory for …

Association Of Metabolomic Biomarkers With Sleeve Gastrectomy Weight Loss Outcomes, Wendy Miller, Kathryn Ziegler, Stewart Graham, Michael Maddens, Matthew Sims

Articles

Background: Factors influencing weight loss variability following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are not well understood. We evaluated the correlation of metabolomic biomarkers with weight loss outcomes. Methods: This prospective study evaluated the metabolomic profile of feces and serum prior to SG and three months post-SG, along with weight loss outcomes at three months post-SG (N=45). Serum and fecal samples were quantitatively profiled using a combination of 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS (AbsoluteIDQ P180 kit (Biocrates, Innsbruck)). Results: Percent total weight loss (%TWL) for the lowest versus the highest weight loss tertiles (T1 vs T3) was 11.1 + 0.8% and 17.0 + 1.3%, …

Adenoma Detection Rate As A Quality Indicator For Colonoscopy: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Mian Shah Yousaf, Shameel Shafqat, Roger Christopher Gill, Asfia Arham Khursheed, Om Parkash

Section of Gastroenterology

Background and study aims: Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is validated for measuring quality of colonoscopy, however there is lack of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program in South Asia. The purpose of this study is to analyze and review the polyp detection rate (PDR) and ADR and provide insight into the factors that influence them in Pakistan.
Patients and methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, on patients ≥ 18 years, who underwent colonoscopy between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018.
Results: Of 1985 patients, 59 % were male and 41 % …

Overview Of Antiretropulsion Devices For Prevention Of Inadvertent Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy For Ureteric Stone, Ali Akbar Zehri, Miten Patel, Philip Adebayo, Authar Ali

General Surgery, East Africa

The purpose of the present chapter is to provide an update about the use of preventive devices used to stop retrograde stone migration during pneumatic lithotripsy for ureteric stone management. The aim to reduce the cost, ancillary procedure, reduce the operative time and improve the stone free rate. The hunt for ideal cadget to stop retrograde stone migration is still continue in 21 century.

Global Safety In Anaesthesia And Surgery: Implications For Anaesthesia In Pakistan, Fauzia Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

The Lancet Commission report in 2015 highlighted the role of safe surgery and anaesthesia. They also gave a framework of recommendations, indicators and targets to achieve universal access to safe surgery. This article explores the applicability of these indicators in Pakistan namely; access to timely surgery, specialist surgical workforce diversity, surgical volumes, perioperative mortality rate, protection against impoverishing expenditure and protection against catastrophic expenditure.

Anaesthetic Management Of Patients Undergoing Deep Brain Simulation: A Retrospective Review Of 8 Cases From A Tertiary Care Center Of Pakistan, Usama Ahmed, Faraz Shafiq, Dileep Kumar, Khalid Ahsan, Waleed Bin Ghaffar, Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Department of Anaesthesia

Objectives: To review anaesthesia related outcome, perioperative complications and overall length of stay (LOS) in hospital for patients who had deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Methods: The study was retrospective review of patients medical records diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) and underwent DBS at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from 2017-2019. Data was reviewed from file notes and patient chart and recorded on predesigned Performa. Frequency and percentages were used to present the data.
Results: All patients were anaesthetized using Sleep-Awake-Sleep technique (SAS). Dexmedetomidine was mainly used for conscious sedation. Bispectral index monitor (BIS) was used to monitor the depth …

Comparison Of Figure Of Eight And Traditional Simple Wire Closure Method To Prevent Dehiscence After Sternal Closure, Aleezay Asghar, Khawaja Muhammad Talha, Muneer Amanullah, Syed Shahabuddin

Medical College Documents

Objective: To investigate significant differences, if any, between figure of-eight method and simple wire closure technique in reducing the incidence of infectious and non-infectious sternal dehiscence in patients undergoing sternal closure.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department at Aga Khan University from 1st December 2015 to 13th December 2017. The review was registered with PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to December 13, 2017. The search was limited to randomised control trials, clinical trials, retrospective cohort studies, journal analyses, systematic …

3d - Printed Patient Specific Instrumentation In Corrective Osteotomy Of The Femur And Pelvis: A Review Of The Literature, Njalalle Baraza, Chris Chapman, Sima Zakani, Kishore Mulpuri

General Surgery, East Africa

Background: The paediatric patient population has considerable variation in anatomy. The use of Computed Tomography (CT)-based digital models to design three-dimensionally printed patient specific instrumentation (PSI) has recently been applied for correction of deformity in orthopedic surgery. This review sought to determine the existing application of this technology currently in use within paediatric orthopaedics, and assess the potential benefits that this may provide to patients and surgeons.

Methods: A review was performed of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for published literature, as well as Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov for grey literature. The search strategy revolved around the research …

Childhood Medulloblastoma, Naureen Mushtaq, Shahzadi Resham, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Bilal Mazhar Qureshi, Quratulain Riaz, Eric Bouffet

Section of Haematology/Oncology

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in children and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It has been risk-stratified on the basis of clinical (age, metastasis and extent of resection) and histological subtypes (classic, desmoplastic and anaplastic). However, recently medulloblastoma has been sub-grouped by using a variety of different genomic approaches, such as gene expression profiling, micro-ribonucleic acid profiling and methylation array into 4 groups, namely Wingless, Sonic hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4. This new sub-grouping has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. After acute leukaemia, brain tumour is the …

Pyloric Stenosis Leading To Sinus Venous Thrombosis; A Case Report, Amber Wright, Andrew J. Weaver, Daniel Beals

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Pyloric stenosis is typically diagnosed early and repaired after resuscitation and electrolyte correction in a timely manner. Delay in diagnosis or presentation of patient can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. Here we present a case of pyloric stenosis leading to dehydration severe enough to lead to venous sinus thrombosis. This case highlights the importance of early detection of pyloric stenosis with timely correction of fluid status and electrolytes. Venous sinus thrombosis is a serious complication associated with our patient’s pyloric stenosis that has not yet been reported in literature.

Outcomes After In Utero Myelomeningocele Repair Based On Delivery Location, Eric P Bergh, Kuojen Tsao, Mary T Austin, Stephen A Fletcher, Suzanne M Lopez, Kenneth J Moise, Anthony Johnson, Ramesha Papanna

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Maternal and pediatric delivery outcomes may vary in patients who underwent open fetal myelomeningocele repair and elected to deliver at the fetal center where their fetal intervention was performed versus at the referring physician’s hospital. A prospective cohort study of 88 patients were evaluated following in utero open fetal myelomeningocele repair at a single fetal center between the years 2011–2019. Exclusion criteria included patients that delivered within two weeks of the procedure (n = 6), or if a patient was lost to follow-up (n = 1). Of 82 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 36 (44%) patients were delivered at …

Association Between Perioperative Hypothermia And Surgical Site Infection After Elective Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study, Tayyab Siddiqiui, K. M. Inam Pal, Fatima Shaukat, Hadika Mubashir, Alisha Akbar Ali, Muhammad Jehangir A. Malik, Noman Shahzad

Section of General Surgery

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) account for 14-16% of nosocomial infections and are one of the major causes of increased morbidity, hospital stay, cost of care, and even mortality. Hypothermia as a risk factor for SSI is debated but there is lack of conclusive evidence. The present study explores the association of hypothermia with SSI.
Methodology: This is a prospective cohort study conducted on adult patients who underwent elective laparotomy. Patients were divided into two cohorts, the Hypothermia Cohort and the Normothermia Cohort, based upon episodes of hypothermia of <36⁰C in the perioperative period. SSI was diagnosed based upon …

Association Of Depression And Resilience With Fertility Quality Of Life Among Patients Presenting To The Infertility Centre For Treatment In Karachi, Pakistan, Shireen Shehzad Bhamani, Nida Zahid, Wajeeha Zahid, Salima Farooq, Saima Sachwani, Marilyn Chapman, Nargis Asad

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: In Pakistan there is a dire need to explore the quality of life in infertile males and females and its undesirable psychological outcomes. This, study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of males and females visiting an infertility centre for treatment and to assess its association with resilience, depression, and other socio-demographic factors.
Methods: An Analytical Cross-Sectional study was conducted amongst infertile males and females at the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre (ACIMC), Karachi, Pakistan. The non-probability (purposive) sampling strategy was used to recruit the participants. The sample size was 668. Data was analysed using STATA version …

Occult Nodal Metastasis In Oral Cavity Cancers, Asif Ali Arain, Muhammad Shaheryar Ahmed Rajput, Shakil Akhtar Ansari, Zafar Mahmood, Ahmad Nawaz Ahmad, Muhammad Razzaq Dogar, Anwar Suhail

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Introduction: In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, there is always a risk of occult metastasis to neck nodes in the clinically and radiologically negative neck (N0). Therefore, elective neck dissection (END) has ever been under discussion since the beginning of their routine use for the management of neck for oral carcinomas. The purpose of the current study is to identify the percentage of occult nodal metastasis to neck levels I-V in the cases of oral carcinoma who were treated for the N0 with END.
Methods: Patients who were treated between June 2005 and May 2010 with END …

Validation Of An Endometrial Tumor Diameter Model For Risk Assessment In The Absence Of Lymph Node Mapping, Mckayla J. Riggs, Callie M. Cox Bauer, Caela R. Miller, James K. Aden, Scott A. Kamelle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the optimal tumor diameter for predicting lymphatic metastasis and to determine intraoperatively the need for lymph node dissection in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Methods: Military beneficiaries diagnosed with stage I–III endometrioid endometrial cancer during 2003–2016 who had at least 7 pelvic and/or paraaortic lymph nodes removed during the time of hysterectomy were studied. Tumor diameter was compared against the presence of positive nodes, using the prior models of 20 mm (ie, Mayo model) and 50 mm (ie, Milwaukee model), to determine the false-negative rate of each threshold. A separate analysis was completed to …

Action Items For Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Deanna J. Attai

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This special issue introduction provides a brief history of Breast Cancer Awareness Month and focuses on patient populations often omitted from annual marketing campaigns. The importance of research is emphasized as a means to improve the outcomes of people with metastatic breast cancer and male breast cancer as well as to address health care inequities related to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.