Radiology Commons^™

Disruption Of Specific White Matter Tracts Is Associated With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction In Women With Multiple Sclerosis, Darshil Choksi, Bradley Schott, Khue Tran, Ryan Jang, Khader M Hasan, John A Lincoln, Ali Jalali, Christof Karmonik, Betsy Salazar, Rose Khavari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To identify specific white matter tracts (WMTs) whose disruption is associated with the severity of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in two independent cohorts of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and NLUTD.

METHODS: Cohort 1 consisted of twenty-eight women with MS and NLUTD. The validation cohort consisted of 10 women with MS and NLUTD. Eleven healthy women served as controls. Participants of both MS cohorts had the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both MS cohorts and the healthy controls underwent the same clinical assessment and functional MRI (fMRI) protocol, except that the validation MS cohort underwent 7-Tesla fMRI …

Microvascular Flow Imaging: A State-Of-The-Art Review Of Clinical Use And Promise., Muhammad Usman Aziz, John R Eisenbrey, Annamaria Deganello, Mohd Zahid, Kedar Sharbidre, Paul Sidhu, Michelle L Robbin

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Vascular imaging with color and power Doppler is a useful tool in the assessment of various disease processes. Assessment of blood flow, from infarction and ischemia to hyperemia, in organs, neoplasms, and vessels, is used in nearly every US investigation. Recent developments in this area are sensitive to small-vessel low velocity flow without use of intravenous contrast agents, known as microvascular flow imaging (MVFI). MVFI is more sensitive in detection of small vessels than color, power, and spectral Doppler, reducing the need for follow-up contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), CT, and MRI, except when arterial and venous wash-in and washout characteristics would …

Multidisciplinary Management Of Spinal Metastases: What The Radiologist Needs To Know, Sarah M Bahouth, Debra N Yeboa, Amol J Ghia, Claudio E Tatsui, Christopher A Alvarez-Breckenridge, Thomas H Beckham, Andrew J Bishio, Jing Li, Mary Frances Mcaleer, Robert Y North, Laurence D Rhines, Todd A Swanson, Wang Chenyang, Behrang Amini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The modern management of spinal metastases requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes radiation oncologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, and diagnostic and interventional radiologists. The diagnostic radiologist can play an important role in the multidisciplinary team and help guide assessment of disease and selection of appropriate therapy. The assessment of spine metastases is best performed on MRI, but imaging from other modalities is often needed. We provide a review of the clinical and imaging features that are needed by the multidisciplinary team caring for patients with spine metastases and stress the importance of the spine radiologist taking responsibility for synthesizing imaging features …

Acr Appropriateness Criteria® Staging And Follow-Up Of Primary Vaginal Cancer., Aoife Kilcoyne, Ravi V Gottumukkala, Stella K Kang, Esma A. Akin, Carlin Hauck, Nicole M Hindman, Chenchan Huang, Namita Khanna, Rajmohan Paspulati, Gaiane M Rauch, Tamer Said, Atul B Shinagare, Erica B Stein, Aradhana M Venkatesan, Katherine E Maturen

Radiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Measurements Of Tissue Perfusion And Metabolism, Keith Michel

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HP MRI) is an emerging modality that enables non-invasive interrogation of cells and tissues with unprecedented biochemical detail. This technology provides rapid imaging measurements of the activity of a small quantity of molecules with a strongly polarized nuclear magnetic moment. This polarization is created in a polarizer separate from the imaging magnet, and decays continuously towards a non-detectable thermal equilibrium once the imaging agent is removed from the polarizer and administered by intravenous injection. Specialized imaging strategies are therefore needed to extract as much information as possible from the HP signal during its limited lifetime.

In …

Detection Of Left Ventricular Thrombi On Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Viability Studies, Donya Ahmed Alhassan, Khawaja Bilal Waheed, Muhammad Nasim Sharif, Muhammad Zia Ulhassan, Fazal Ghaffar, Khaled Saleh Saleem, Emad Fouad Mahmoud Said, Bayan Mohammed Altalaq, Zechariah Jebakumar Arulanantham, Ahmad Omar Qarmash

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objective: To highlight detection of left ventricular thrombi on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) viability studies.

Method: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Radiology Department at our Hospital in Dhahran, from April 2015-2019. All recently re-perfused (post-percutaneous coronary intervention/ PCI) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI), having low ejection fractions (

Results: Of the 125 patients, most were men (71.2%) with a mean age of 56.78 years. Eleven patients had left ventricular thrombi (8.8%), and most of these were anterior wall infarctions with low ejection fractions (

Conclusion: Left ventricular thrombi can be detected on cardiac viability studies …

Investigating The Metabolic Progression Of Glioblastoma With Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance, Travis Salzillo

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Rapid diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of aggressive diseases such as glioblastoma (GBM) can improve patient survival by providing physicians the time to optimally deliver treatment. This includes early in development, while the tumor is still manageable, or following initial therapy, when alternative treatments should be considered. The main goal of this project was to determine whether metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could detect changes in tumor progression more rapidly than conventional anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patient-derived GBM murine models. To comprehensively capture the dynamic nature of cancer metabolism, in vivo pyruvate-to-lactate conversion with hyperpolarized MRI, …

Calibrated Short Tr Recovery Mri For Rapid Measurement Of Brain-Blood Partition Coefficient And Correction Of Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow, Scott William Thalman

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

The high prevalence and mortality of cerebrovascular disease has led to the development of several methods to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) in vivo. One of these, arterial spin labeling (ASL), is a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with the advantage that it is completely non-invasive. The quantification of CBF using ASL requires correction for a tissue specific parameter called the brain-blood partition coefficient (BBPC). Despite regional and inter-subject variability in BBPC, the current recommended implementation of ASL uses a constant assumed value of 0.9 mL/g for all regions of the brain, all subjects, and even all species.

The …

Functional Brain Activation Changes Associated With Practice In Delaying Smoking Among Moderate To Heavy Smokers: Study Protocol And Rationale Of A Randomized Trial (Cope)., Andrew T. Fox, Delwyn Catley, Kimber P. Richter, Edward F. Ellerbeck, Morgan G. Brucks, Vlad B. Papa, Laura E. Martin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Most smokers struggle to overcome tobacco addiction. Neuroscientific models of addiction emphasize the importance of brain regions associated with cognitive control and reward to understand the cycle of addiction and relapse. During an attempt at abstinence, the cognitive control system appears to be underpowered to override the heightened reward system of the addicted brain. Thus, one neural target for treatment is to strengthen the cognitive control system. It may be possible to improve the functioning of the cognitive control system via deliberate practice.

METHODS/DESIGN: This study will determine the effects of practicing delaying smoking on brain and behavioral measures …

Early Gadolinium Enhancement For Area At Risk Determination: A Preclinical Validation Study, Sophia Hammer-Hansen, Steve W. Leung, Li-Yueh Hsu, Joel R. Wilson, Joni Taylor, Anders M. Greve, Jens Jakob Thune, Lars Køber, Peter Kellman, Andrew E. Arai

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives—The aim of this study was to determine if early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in a canine model of reperfused myocardial infarction depicts the area at risk (AAR) as determined by microsphere blood flow analysis.

Background—It remains controversial whether only the irreversibly injured myocardium enhances when performing CMR imaging in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Recently, EGE has been proposed as a measure of the AAR in acute myocardial infarction as it correlates well with T2-weighted imaging of the AAR, but still requires pathological validation.

Methods—Eleven dogs underwent 2 hours of …

Validation, Optimization, And Image Processing Of Spiral Cine Dense Magnetic Resonance Imaging For The Quantification Of Left And Right Ventricular Mechanics, Gregory J. Wehner

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Recent evidence suggests that cardiac mechanics (e.g. cardiac strains) are better measures of heart function compared to common clinical metrics like ejection fraction. However, commonly-used parameters of cardiac mechanics remain limited to just a few measurements averaged over the whole left ventricle. We hypothesized that recent advances in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be extended to provide measures of cardiac mechanics throughout the left and right ventricles (LV and RV, respectively).

Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) is a cardiac MRI technique that has been validated for measuring LV mechanics at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T but …

Determination Of Thermal Dose Model Parameters Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Christopher James Maclellan

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Magnetic Resonance Temperature Imaging (MRTI) is a powerful technique for noninvasively monitoring temperature during minimally invasive thermal therapy procedures. When coupled with thermal dose models, MRTI feedback provides the clinician with a real-time estimate of tissue damage by functioning as a surrogate for post-treatment verification imaging. This aids in maximizing the safety and efficacy of treatment by facilitating adaptive control of the damaged volume during therapy. The underlying thermal dose parameters are derived from laboratory experiments that do not necessarily reflect the surrogate imaging endpoints used for treatment verification. Thus, there is interest and opportunity in deriving model parameters from …

New Findings, Classification And Long-Term Follow-Up Study Based On Mri Characterization Of Brainstem Encephalitis Induced By Enterovirus 71, Hongwu Zeng, Feiqiu Wen, Wenxian Huang, Yungen Gan, Weibin Zeng, Ranran Chen, Yanxia He, Yonker Wang, Zaiyi Liu, Changhong Liang, Kelvin K. L. Wong

Radiology Faculty Publications

Background To report the diversity of MRI features of brainstem encephalitis (BE) induced by Enterovirus 71. This is supported by implementation and testing of our new classification scheme in order to improve the diagnostic level on this specific disease.

Methods Neuroimaging of 91 pediatric patients who got EV71 related BE were hospitalized between March, 2010 to October, 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent pre- and post-contrast MRI scan. Thereafter, 31 patients were randomly called back for follow-up MRI study during December 2013 to August 2014. The MRI signal patterns of BE primary lesion were analyzed and classified according to …

Peripheral (Deep) But Not Periventricular Mri White Matter Hyperintensities Are Increased In Clinical Vascular Dementia Compared To Alzheimer's Disease, Charles D. Smith, Eleanor S. Johnson, Linda J. Van Eldik, Gregory A. Jicha, Frederick A. Schmitt, Peter T. Nelson, Richard J. Kryscio, Richard R. Murphy, Clinton V. Wellnitz

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Vascular dementia (VAD) is a complex diagnosis at times difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI scans often show white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in both conditions. WMH increase with age, and both VAD and AD are associated with aging, thus presenting an attribution conundrum. In this study, we sought to show whether the amount of WMH in deep white matter (dWMH), versus periventricular white matter (PVH), would aid in the distinction between VAD and AD, independent of age. Methods: Blinded semiquantitative ratings of WMH validated by objective quantitation of WMH volume from standardized MRI image acquisitions. …

Mri Signal Intensity Differentiation Of Brainstem Encephalitis Induced By Enterovirus 71: A Classification Approach For Acute And Convalescence Stages, Hongwu Zeng, Wenxian Huang, Feiqiu Wen, Yonker Wang, Yungen Gan, Weibin Zeng, Ranran Chen, Yanxia He, Zaiyi Liu, Changhong Liang, Kelvin K. L. Wong

Radiology Faculty Publications

Background: The objective of this study is to assess standardized histograms of signal intensities of T1 signal and T2 signal on sagittal view without enhancement during (1) acute stage, and (2) convalescence stage of pediatric patients with Enterovirus 71 related brainstem encephalitis (BE), and with respect to (3) healthy normal.

Methods: Our subjects were hospitalized between March 2010 and October 2012, and underwent pre- and post-contrast MRI studies. The research question to be answered is whether the comparison of the MRI image intensity histograms and relevant statistical quantification can add new knowledge to the diagnosis of BE patients. So, both …

Task Force 2: Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Training In Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging. Spctpd/Acc/Aap/Aha., Shubhika Srivastava, Beth F Printz, Tal Geva, Girish S. Shirali, Paul M Weinberg, Pierre C Wong, Peter Lang, Society Of Pediatric Cardiology Training Program Directors, American College Of Cardiology, American Academy Of Pediatrics, American Heart Association

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Body Mri Artifacts In Clinical Practice: A Physicist's And Radiologist's Perspective., Martin J Graves, Donald Mitchell

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

The high information content of MRI exams brings with it unintended effects, which we call artifacts. The purpose of this review is to promote understanding of these artifacts, so they can be prevented or properly interpreted to optimize diagnostic effectiveness. We begin by addressing static magnetic field uniformity, which is essential for many techniques, such as fat saturation. Eddy currents, resulting from imperfect gradient pulses, are especially problematic for new techniques that depend on high performance gradient switching. Nonuniformity of the transmit radiofrequency system constitutes another source of artifacts, which are increasingly important as magnetic field strength increases. Defects in …

Towards Omni-Tomography -- Grand Fusion Of Multiple Modalities For Simultaneous Interior Tomography, Ge Wang, Jie Zhang, Hao Gao, Victor Weir, Hengyong Yu, Wenxiang Cong, Xiaochen Xu, Haiou Shen, James Bennett, Mark Furth, Yue Wang, Michael Vannier

Radiology Faculty Publications

We recently elevated interior tomography from its origin in computed tomography (CT) to a general tomographic principle, and proved its validity for other tomographic modalities including SPECT, MRI, and others. Here we propose "omni-tomography", a novel concept for the grand fusion of multiple tomographic modalities for simultaneous data acquisition in a region of interest (ROI). Omni-tomography can be instrumental when physiological processes under investigation are multi-dimensional, multi-scale, multi-temporal and multi-parametric. Both preclinical and clinical studies now depend on in vivo tomography, often requiring separate evaluations by different imaging modalities. Over the past decade, two approaches have been used for multimodality …

Quantitative 1h Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Determines Therapeutic Immunization Efficacy In An Animal Model Of Parkinson's Disease., Michael D. Boska, Travis B. Lewis, Christopher J. Destache, Eric J. Benner, Jay A. Nelson, Mariano Uberti, R. Lee Mosley, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Radiology

Nigrostriatal degeneration, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), is mirrored by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication. MPTP-treated animals show the common behavioral, motor, and pathological features of human disease. We demonstrated previously that adoptive transfer of Copaxone (Cop-1) immune cells protected the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Herein, we evaluated this protection by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI). 1H MRSI performed in MPTP-treated mice demonstrated that N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was significantly diminished in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum, regions most affected in human disease. When the same regions were coregistered with immunohistochemical stains for …