Radiation Medicine Commons^™

Development Of Fully Balanced Ssfp And Computer Vision Applications For Mri-Assisted Radiosurgery (Mars), Jeremiah Sanders

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and the second-leading cause of cancer death in men. Brachytherapy is a highly effective treatment option for prostate cancer, and is the most cost-effective initial treatment among all other therapeutic options for low to intermediate risk patients of prostate cancer. In low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy, verifying the location of the radioactive seeds within the prostate and in relation to critical normal structures after seed implantation is essential to ensuring positive treatment outcomes.

One current gap in knowledge is how to simultaneously image the prostate, surrounding anatomy, and radioactive seeds within the …

National Trends For Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy In Favorable, Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Propensity Scoring Analysis Of The National Cancer Database, Mohamad Sebai, Muayad F. Almahariq, Joshua Dilworth, Patrick Karabon, Rachel Kalthoff, Sayee Kiran, Jayant Vaidya, Kyle J Feldmann, Nayan Dekhne

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Total Body Proton Irradiation On Mouse Myometrium, Lillith Bulawa

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The boundaries of human space exploration continue to expand with new technology and discoveries making it even more important to investigate the effects of space on biological systems. Although humans have explored space in small increments, reproductive studies must be conducted to determine if stable short- or long-term residences for humans can exist in space. This study explored the effects of whole-body proton radiation on uterine smooth muscle known as the myometrium. Two types of mice utilized in this study were C57BL/6 and B6.129S6Cybbtm1Din/J NOX2 knockout mice. C57BL/6 mice are standard laboratory mice that were used to represent the wildtype …

Meeting Radiation Dosimetry Capacity Requirements Of Population-Scale Exposures By Geostatistical Sampling., Peter K Rogan, Eliseos J Mucaki, Ruipeng Lu, Ben C Shirley, Edward Waller, Joan H M Knoll

Biochemistry Publications

BACKGROUND: Accurate radiation dose estimates are critical for determining eligibility for therapies by timely triaging of exposed individuals after large-scale radiation events. However, the universal assessment of a large population subjected to a nuclear spill incident or detonation is not feasible. Even with high-throughput dosimetry analysis, test volumes far exceed the capacities of first responders to measure radiation exposures directly, or to acquire and process samples for follow-on biodosimetry testing.

AIM: To significantly reduce data acquisition and processing requirements for triaging of treatment-eligible exposures in population-scale radiation incidents.

METHODS: Physical radiation plumes modelled nuclear detonation scenarios of simulated exposures at …

Organ Preservation For Advanced Laryngeal Cancer: Experience With Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy, Asif Ali Arain, Muhammad Shaheryar Ahmed Rajput, Shabbir Akhtar, Arsalan A. Rajput, Mohammad Adeel, Ahmad Hatem, Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Introduction: The larynx is a part of the upper respiratory tract that performs many essential functions including breathing, speaking, and swallowing. For this reason, the quality of life is significantly affected by laryngeal cancer and its treatment. Therefore, the focus of management for the last few decades has been on preserving the function of a larynx without compromising survival. This study was done with the purpose of reviewing our experience of organ preservation approach with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for locally advanced cancers of larynx.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out for the data of pathology reports and …

Dietary Alterations Modulate The Microrna 29/30 And Igf-1/Akt Signaling Axis In Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis., Anuradha A. Shastri, Anthony Saleh, Jason E. Savage, Tiziana Deangelis, Kevin Camphausen, Nicole L. Simone

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Background: Metastatic cancer is incurable and understanding the molecular underpinnings is crucial to improving survival for our patients. The IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway is often impaired in cancer leading to its progression and metastases. Diet modification is known to alter the IGF-1/Akt pathway and affect the expression of microRNA involved in tumor initiation, growth and metastases. Liver metastases are one of the most common type of metastases in breast and colon cancer. In the present study, we looked at the effect of diet modification on the expression of microRNA in normal liver and liver with breast cancer metastases using in vivo …

Design And Analysis Of A Novel Long-Distance Double Tendon-Sheath Transmission Device For Breast Intervention Robots Under Mri Field, Xiaohong Jia, Yongde Zhang, Jingang Jiang, Haiyan Du, Yan Yu

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Cancer represents a major threat to human health. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior performance to other imaging-based examination methods in the detection of tumors and offers distinct advantages in biopsy and seed implantation. However, because of the MRI environment, the material requirements for actuating devices for the medical robots used in MRI are incredibly demanding. This paper describes a novel double tendon-sheath transmission device for use in MRI applications. LeBus grooves are used in the original transmission wheels, thus enabling the system to realize long-distance and large-stroke transmission with improved accuracy. The friction model of the transmission system and …

Atrx Loss In Pediatric Glioma Results In Epigenetic Dysregulation Of G2/M Checkpoint Maintenance And Sensitivity To Atm Inhibition, Brendan Mullan, Tingting Qin, Ruby Siada, Carla Danussi, Jacqueline Brosnan-Cashman, Drew Pratt, Taylor Garcia, Viveka Nand Yadav, Xinyi Zhao, Meredith Morgan, Sriram Venneti, Alan Meeker, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro, Carl Koschmann

Medical Student Research Symposium

ATRX is a histone chaperone protein recurrently mutated in pediatric glioma. The mechanism which mediates the proliferative advantage of ATRX loss in pediatric glioma remains unexplained. Recent data revealed a distinct pattern of DNA binding sites of the ATRX protein using ChIP-seq in mouse neuronal precursor cells (mNPCs). Using the ATRX peaks identified in p53^-/- mNPCs, we confirmed that ATRX binding sites were significantly enriched in gene promoters (p < 0.0001) and CpG islands (p < 0.0001) compared with random regions. Gene set enrichment (GSE) analysis identified that cell cycle and regulation of cell cycle were among the most significantly enriched gene sets (p=2.52e-16 and 1.61e-9, respectively). We found that ATRX loss resulted in dysfunction of G2/M checkpoint maintenance: (1) ATRX-deficient pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) cells exhibited a seven-fold increase in mitotic index at 16 hours after sub-lethal radiation, and (2) murine GBM cells with ATRX knockdown demonstrated impaired pChk1 signaling on western blot at multiple time points after radiation compared to controls (p=0.0187). Notably, the ATM signaling (pChk2) remained intact in those cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target. ATRX-deficient mouse cells were uniquely sensitive to ATM inhibitors at 1 uM alongside 8 Gy radiation compared to controls with intact ATRX (AZD0156: p=0.0027 and AZD01390: p=0.0436). Mice intra-cranially implanted with ATRX-deficient GBM cells showed improved survival (n=10, p=0.0018) when treated with AZD0156 combined with radiation. Our findings suggest that ATRX loss in glioma results in unique sensitivity to ATM inhibition via epigenetic dysregulation of G2/M checkpoint maintenance.

The Pivotal Role Of Patient-Centred Approaches In Successful Outcome Of Evidence-Based High Quality Cancer Care, Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi

Department of Radiation Oncology

No abstract provided.

Guidelines To Reduce Hospitalization Rates For Patients Receiving Curative-Intent Radiation Therapy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Report From A Multicenter New York Area Institution, Wc Chen, S Teckie, G Somerstein, N Adair, L Potters

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Disease Site-Specific Guidelines For Curative Radiation Treatment During 'Limited Surgery' And 'Hospital Avoidance': A Radiation Oncology Perspective From The Epicenter Of Covid-19 Pandemic., B Parashar, Wc Chen, Jm Herman, L Potters

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Resilience Of Radiation Oncology In The Covid Era And Beyond, S. Teckie, D. Koffler, L. Potters

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of Telehealth In Radiation Oncology: Rapid Integration During Covid-19 And Its Future Role In Our Practice., A. Goenka, Daniel Ma, S. Teckie, C. Alfano, B. Bloom, J. Hwang, L. Potters

Journal Articles

Introduction: The widespread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant changes in care delivery among radiation oncology practices and demanded the rapid incorporation of telehealth. However, the impact of a large-scale transition to telehealth in radiation oncology on patient access to care and the viability of care delivery are largely unknown. In this manuscript, we review our implementation and report data on patient access to care and billing implications. As telehealth is likely to continue after COVID-19, we propose a radiation oncology-specific algorithm for telehealth.

Material and Methods: In March 2020, our department began to use telehealth for all …

Treating Covid-19 Positive Cancer Patients With Radiation Therapy: A Case Report From Epicenter Of The Pandemic., B. Parashar, L. Lee, C. Madu, A. Narayana, L. Potters

Journal Articles

The coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented clinical challenges across the globe. Outcomes of patients with this infection are likely dependent on underlying comorbidities that predict worse outcome in older patients. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 infected cancer patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) have any different outcome than non-infected patients. We present the first series from our center of COVID-19 infected patients who received RT for malignancy, their outcome, and toxicities.

Development And Execution Of A Pandemic Preparedness Plan: Therapeutic Medical Physics And Radiation Dosimetry During The Covid-19 Crisis, Ac Riegel, H Chou, J Baker, J Antone, L Potters, Y Cao

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Robust Treatment Delivery Framework For Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (Sbrt) Of Synchronous Multiple Lung Lesions, Lana Catherine Critchfield

Theses and Dissertations--Radiation Medicine

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of lung tumors uses high doses of radiation to deliver high biological effective doses (BED) in very few fractions (1-5). With the use of highly conformal fields to cover the tumor without depositing large doses to non-cancerous structures, this technique has proven time and again to be successful at achieving high local control. However, frequently patients receiving SBRT are elderly with multiple medical comorbidities who may not tolerate long treatment times. Furthermore, many patients present with oligometastatic or multiple primary lung tumors. The success of SBRT on oligometastatic lung disease relies on physician experience with …

Effect Of Hemolysis On Fourier Transform Infrared And Raman Spectra Of Blood Plasma, Dinesh Medipally, Daniel Cullen, Valérie Untereiner, Jane Bryant, Ganesh D. Sockalingum, Thi Nguyet Que Nguyen, Emma Noone, Shirley Bradshaw, Marie Finn, Mary Dunne, Aoife M. Shannon, John Armstrong, Aidan Meade, Fiona Lyng

Articles

Hemolysis is a very common phenomenon and is referred as the release of intracellular components from red blood cells to the extracellular fluid. Hemolyzed samples are often rejected in clinics due to the interference of hemoglobin and intracellular components in laboratory measurements. Plasma and serum based vibrational spectroscopy studies are extensively applied to generate spectral biomarkers for various diseases. However, no studies have reported the effect of hemolysis in blood based vibrational spectroscopy studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of hemolysis on infrared and Raman spectra of blood plasma. In this study, prostate cancer plasma samples (n …

Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: History, Present And The Future, Weisi Yan, Mohammad K. Khan, Xiaodong Wu, Charles B. Simone Ii, Jiajin Fan, Eric Gressen, Xin Zhang, Charles L. Limoli, Houda Bahig, Slavisa Tubin, Waleed F. Mourad

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Interventions On Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Toxicity: A Systematic Review, Claudia R. Figueroa

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Various studies show a variety of interventions for radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity. Radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity is the most common side effect for women with breast cancer who undergo radiotherapy sessions. Intervention agents include topical creams, barrier films, oral agents, as well as laser therapy. However, despite the variety of intervention agents available, there is still a lack of accepted guidelines to manage radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity. This thesis aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials with the primary purpose of exploring the available intervention methods to prevent radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity and evaluate the effects of different …

Development And Dosimetric Verification Of 3d Customized Bolus In Radiotherapy, Nichakan Chatchumnan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Bolus is a tissue equivalent material that is commonly used to reduce the skin-sparing effect in radiotherapy. The commercial flat bolus cannot form perfect contact with the irregular surface of the patient's skin, resulting in an air gap, especially in irregular surface shape. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of two types of silicone rubber bolus, RA-00AB, and RA-05AB that were made as to the fabricated flat and 3D customized bolus using 3D printing technology. The 1 cm thick boluses were made from two types of silicone rubber solutions. The point dose and planar dose differences …

The Labeling Of 99mtc-Psma-Hbed-Cc For Prostate Cancer Imaging, Benchamat Phromphao

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide in 2018 (1). Initially, PCa diagnosis is based on Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test, which is low sensitivity and low specificity, and sonography guided needle biopsy, which is invasive. Therefore, molecular imaging recently enrolls as an important technique in PCa diagnosis using some small molecules which are well developed to bind to overexpressed Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA). The small molecules, for example PSMA-HBED-CC, PSMA I&T, can be chelated with Ga-68 for diagnostic purpose using positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Even though …

Surface And Build-Up Region Dose Measurement In Head And Neck Region Using Radio - Photoluminescent Glass Dosimeter, Sonam Choki

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The use of commercially available radio-photoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLGD) for radiation measurement has increased in recent years. It has been shown to have superior dosimetric characteristics as compared to other dosimeters. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the suitability of the GD-302M glass dosimeter for surface and build-up region dose measurement in head and neck region. The glass dosimeter was analyzed for its dosimetric properties in photon beam. Then, the study was performed for surface and build-up region dose comparison between EBT3 film and RPLGD in solid water phantom at 0, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15mm depths …

Determination Of Field Output Correction Factors Of Radiophoto Luminescent Glass Dosimeter In 6 Mv Small Photon Beams, Sumalee Yabsantia

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this study was to determine the field output correction factors of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLGD) for 6 MV photon beams by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The ratios of absorbed dose of water and RPLGD were calculated using egs_chamber code for 6 MV, 90-cm SSD, 10-cm depth, and field size range from 0.5 × 0.5 to 10 × 10 cm2. Then the field output correction factors of RPLGD in perpendicular and parallel orientations were determined. Also, the volume averaging correction factors were discovered for supporting our results. Moreover, the comparison of measurement field output factors of RPLGD …

Patient-Specific Organ Dose Calculated By Dose Tracking Software Based On Monte Carlo Simulation In Pediatric Abdominal Ct, Yuparak Innan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to determine the patient-specific organ doses using Radimetrics dose tracking software in pediatric abdominal CT at Praram9 Hospital. The organ doses were measured using the anthropomorphic Rando phantom inserted with radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters (RPLGDs) to verify the organ doses calculated by Radimetrics program. The retrospective data were collected from pediatric abdominal CT 164 studies (78 patients), age range 0-15 years-old), who underwent single phase abdominal CT at Praram9 Hospital. The tube voltages ranged between 80 and 135 kVp were adjusted according to the size and age of patients, and rotation time 0.35-0.5 sec. All patients were acquired …

High Lymph Node Positive To Sampled Ratio As A Potential Indication For Postoperative Radiation Therapy In Patients With Pn2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Nikhil P Mankuzhy, Muayad F Almahariq, Craig W Stevens, Thomas J Quinn

Articles

Background: The role for postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal lymph node (LN) involvement (pN2 disease) is controversial. We performed a SEER analysis comparing surgery alone with PORT among patients with pN2 NSCLC. As we await the final results of the LUNG ART trial, a subset of patients with a high LN positive to sampled (LPR) ratio may benefit from PORT. Patients/methods: Patients with pN2 NSCLC, ranging from 1989-2016, were assessed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. A propensity score (PS)-matched, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was conducted …

Evidence Of Y Chromosome Long Non-Coding Rnas Involved In The Radiation Response Of Male Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells, Tayvia Brownmiller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the number one cause of cancer related mortality in the United States and worldwide. Advanced and therapeutically resistant lung tumors contribute to the high rate of mortality from NSCLC, therefore there is a need for new methods of diagnosing and treating this disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be a crucial component of human molecular biology, regulating nearly every cellular pathway from chromatin condensation to transcription and translation. Furthermore, many lncRNAs have been classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, highlighting the various molecular mechanisms they are involved in regarding the formation …

The Study Of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels At Unit Of Vascular And Interventional Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Kornkamol Prajamchuea

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Interventional Radiology (IR) procedures are minimally invasive surgery using angiographic equipment which the patients and staffs may receive high radiation dose. DRLs, based on 75th percentile of the median dose for a sample of standard sized of patients, are an effective tool for optimization of protection in the medical exposure of patients for diagnostic and interventional procedures (ICRP Publication 135, 2017). The objective of this study is to establish the local DRLs distribution of patient radiation dose and related parameters in interventional radiology procedures in standard-sized of Thai patients. Local DRLs of radiation dose and related parameters of patients (45-75kg …

Evaluation Of Patient Doses From 177lu-Psma In Metastases Prostate Cancer Treatment At King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Kotchakorn Chatachot

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

177Lu-PSMA I&T has increasingly used for targeted radionuclide therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Dosimetric calculation, therefore, is critical to achieve the optimal therapeutic activity while sparing side effects to the normal tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine the radiation dosimetry for metastases prostate cancer patients treated by 177Lu-PSMA I&T at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH). Whole-body planar images were acquired in eight patients (12 treatment cycles) at immediately, 4 and 24 h after 177Lu-PSMA I&T injection (range 4.36 to 8.58 GBq). Region of interests (ROIs) were manually contoured on the whole-body, liver, spleen, urinary bladder, …