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Articles 31 - 60 of 98
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry
Contributions Of Early Cortical Processing And Reading Ability To Functional Status In Individuals At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Mclaughlin, J. Chang, A. M. Auther, R. H. Olsen, D. C. Javitt
Contributions Of Early Cortical Processing And Reading Ability To Functional Status In Individuals At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Mclaughlin, J. Chang, A. M. Auther, R. H. Olsen, D. C. Javitt
Journal Articles
Background: There is a growing recognition that individuals at clinical high risk need intervention for functional impairments, along with emerging psychosis, as the majority of clinical high risk (CHR) individuals show persistent deficits in social and role functioning regardless of transition to psychosis. Recent studies have demonstrated reduced reading ability as a potential cause of functional disability in schizophrenia, related to underlying deficits in generation of mismatch negativity (MMN). The present study extends these findings to subjects at CHR. Methods: The sample consisted of 34 CHR individuals and 33 healthy comparison subjects (CNTLs) from the Recognition and Prevention (RAP) Program …
The Impact Of Psychosis On The Course Of Cognition: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Study In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, D. Mclaughlin, A. M. Auther, R. Olsen, Christoph Correll, B. A. Cornblatt
The Impact Of Psychosis On The Course Of Cognition: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Study In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, R. Carrion, D. Mclaughlin, A. M. Auther, R. Olsen, Christoph Correll, B. A. Cornblatt
Journal Articles
BACKGROUND: Although cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia are rooted early in development, the impact of psychosis on the course of cognitive functioning remains unclear. In this study a nested case-control design was used to examine the relationship between emerging psychosis and the course of cognition in individuals ascertained as clinical high-risk (CHR) who developed psychosis during the study (CHR + T). METHOD: Fifteen CHR + T subjects were administered a neurocognitive battery at baseline and post-psychosis onset (8.04 months, s.d. = 10.26). CHR + T subjects were matched on a case-by-case basis on age, gender, and time to retest …
Postnatal Neurodevelopmental Expression And Glutamate-Dependent Regulation Of The Znf804a Rodent Homologue, E. H. Chang, A. Kirtley, T. S. Chandon, P. Borger, S. Husain-Krautter, V. Vingtdeux, A. Malhotra
Postnatal Neurodevelopmental Expression And Glutamate-Dependent Regulation Of The Znf804a Rodent Homologue, E. H. Chang, A. Kirtley, T. S. Chandon, P. Borger, S. Husain-Krautter, V. Vingtdeux, A. Malhotra
Journal Articles
The zinc finger protein ZNF804A rs1344706 variant is a replicated genome-wide significant risk variant for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While its association with altered brain structure and cognition in patients and healthy risk allele carriers is well documented, the characteristics and function of the gene in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we used in situ hybridization to determine mRNA expression levels of the ZNF804A rodent homologue, Zfp804a, across multiple postnatal neurodevelopmental time points in the rat brain. We found changes in Zfp804a expression in the rat hippocampus, frontal cortex, and thalamus across postnatal neurodevelopment. Zfp804a mRNA peaked at postnatal …
Responses To Tobacco Smoking-Related Health Messages In Young People With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia, D. J. Coletti, M. Brunette, M. John, J. M. Kane, A. Malhotra, D. G. Robinson
Responses To Tobacco Smoking-Related Health Messages In Young People With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia, D. J. Coletti, M. Brunette, M. John, J. M. Kane, A. Malhotra, D. G. Robinson
Journal Articles
Virtually no research has examined the responses of youth with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) to smoking-related health warnings. We examined predictors of response and tested hypotheses that participants with ROP would (a) assess warnings as less effective than a healthy comparison (HC) group, and (b) assess video warnings as more effective than pictures. ROP participants (n = 69) hadtreatment; the HC group (n = 79) had no major mental illness. Participants viewed 10 pictorial warnings, 8 videos depicting similar messages, and were interviewed regarding tobacco use, health literacy, and smoking knowledge. We assessed response at baseline and at 4-week follow-up. ROP …
Personality Domains, Duration Of Untreated Psychosis, Functioning, And Symptom Severity In First-Episode Psychosis, M. Compton, R. Bakeman, Y. Alolayan, P. M. Balducci, F. Bernardini, B. Broussard, A. Crisafio, S. Cristofaro, S. Johnson, C. R. Wan, +1 Additional Author
Personality Domains, Duration Of Untreated Psychosis, Functioning, And Symptom Severity In First-Episode Psychosis, M. Compton, R. Bakeman, Y. Alolayan, P. M. Balducci, F. Bernardini, B. Broussard, A. Crisafio, S. Cristofaro, S. Johnson, C. R. Wan, +1 Additional Author
Journal Articles
OBJECTIVES: Early-course psychotic disorders have been extensively studied in terms of phenomenology, but little is known about the influence of personality traits on clinical features of first-episode psychosis. The aim of this study was to explore how the "big five" personality domains (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) are associated with treatment delay (duration of untreated psychosis, DUP), functioning, and positive and negative symptom severity. METHODS: Data for these analyses were obtained from 104 participants enrolled from psychiatric inpatient units in Atlanta, Georgia, between August 2008 and March 2011. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to assess personality domains, …
Psychosis Prevention: A Modified Clinical High Risk Perspective From The Recognition And Prevention (Rap) Program, B. A. Cornblatt, R. Carrion, A. Auther, D. Mclaughlin, R. H. Olsen, M. John, C. U. Correll
Psychosis Prevention: A Modified Clinical High Risk Perspective From The Recognition And Prevention (Rap) Program, B. A. Cornblatt, R. Carrion, A. Auther, D. Mclaughlin, R. H. Olsen, M. John, C. U. Correll
Journal Articles
OBJECTIVE: Early intervention and prevention of psychosis remain a major challenge. Prediction would be greatly advanced with improved ability to identify individuals at true risk, which, at present, is moderate at best. The authors tested a modified strategy to improve prediction by selecting a more homogeneous high-risk sample (attenuated positive symptom criteria only, age range of mid-teens to early 20s) than is currently standard, combined with a systematic selection of neurodevelopmental deficits. METHOD: A sample of 101 treatment-seeking adolescents (mean age, 15.9 years) at clinical high risk for psychosis were followed clinically for up to 5 years (mean follow-up time, …
Cardiovascular And Cerebrovascular Risk Factors And Events Associated With Second-Generation Antipsychotic Compared To Antidepressant Use In A Non-Elderly Adult Sample: Results From A Claims-Based Inception Cohort Study, C. U. Correll, B. I. Joffe, L. M. Rosen, T. B. Sullivan, R. T. Joffe
Cardiovascular And Cerebrovascular Risk Factors And Events Associated With Second-Generation Antipsychotic Compared To Antidepressant Use In A Non-Elderly Adult Sample: Results From A Claims-Based Inception Cohort Study, C. U. Correll, B. I. Joffe, L. M. Rosen, T. B. Sullivan, R. T. Joffe
Journal Articles
This is a study of the metabolic and distal cardiovascular/cerebrovascular outcomes associated with the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) compared to antidepressants (ADs) in adults aged 18-65 years, based on data from Thomson Reuters MarketScan (R) Research Databases 2006-2010, a commercial U.S. claims database. Interventions included clinicians' choice treatment with SGAs (allowing any comedications) versus ADs (not allowing SGAs). The primary outcomes of interest were time to inpatient or outpatient claims for the following diagnoses within one year of SGA or AD discontinuation: hypertension, ischemic and hypertensive heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Secondary outcomes included the …
Examining The Psychosis Continuum, P. Derosse, K. H. Karlsgodt
Examining The Psychosis Continuum, P. Derosse, K. H. Karlsgodt
Journal Articles
The notion that psychosis may exist on a continuum with normal experience has been proposed in multiple forms throughout the history of psychiatry. However, in recent years there has been an exponential increase in efforts aimed at elucidating what has been termed the 'psychosis continuum'. The present review seeks to summarize some of the more basic characteristics of this continuum and to present some of the recent findings that provide support for its validity. While there is still considerable work to be done, the emerging data holds considerable promise for advancing our understanding of both risk and resilience to psychiatric …
Reliability Of An Fmri Paradigm For Emotional Processing In A Multisite Longitudinal Study, D. G. Gee, S. C. Mcewen, J. K. Forsyth, K. M. Haut, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +14 Additional Authors
Reliability Of An Fmri Paradigm For Emotional Processing In A Multisite Longitudinal Study, D. G. Gee, S. C. Mcewen, J. K. Forsyth, K. M. Haut, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +14 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Multisite neuroimaging studies can facilitate the investigation of brain-related changes in many contexts, including patient groups that are relatively rare in the general population. Though multisite studies have characterized the reliability of brain activation during working memory and motor functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks, emotion processing tasks, pertinent to many clinical populations, remain less explored. A traveling participants study was conducted with eight healthy volunteers scanned twice on consecutive days at each of the eight North American Longitudinal Prodrome Study sites. Tests derived from generalizability theory showed excellent reliability in the amygdala ( Erho2 = 0.82), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; …
Subcortical Modulation In Auditory Processing And Auditory Hallucinations, T. Ikuta, P. Derosse, M. Argyelan, K. H. Karlsgodt, P. B. Kingsley, P. R. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra
Subcortical Modulation In Auditory Processing And Auditory Hallucinations, T. Ikuta, P. Derosse, M. Argyelan, K. H. Karlsgodt, P. B. Kingsley, P. R. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra
Journal Articles
Hearing perception in individuals with auditory hallucinations has not been well studied. Auditory hallucinations have previously been shown to involve primary auditory cortex activation. This activation suggests that auditory hallucinations activate the terminal of the auditory pathway as if auditory signals are submitted from the cochlea, and that a hallucinatory event is therefore perceived as hearing. The primary auditory cortex is stimulated by some unknown source that is outside of the auditory pathway. The current study aimed to assess the outcomes of stimulating the primary auditory cortex through the auditory pathway in individuals who have experienced auditory hallucinations. Sixteen patients …
White Matter Microstructure In The Executive Network Associated With Aggression In Healthy Adolescents And Young Adults, K. H. Karlsgodt, A. A. Bato, M. A. Blair, P. Derosse, P. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra
White Matter Microstructure In The Executive Network Associated With Aggression In Healthy Adolescents And Young Adults, K. H. Karlsgodt, A. A. Bato, M. A. Blair, P. Derosse, P. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra
Journal Articles
Predicting which individuals may engage in aggressive behavior is of interest in today's society; however, there is little data on the neural basis of aggression in healthy individuals. Here, we tested whether regional differences in white matter (WM) microstructure were associated with later reports of aggressive tendencies. We recontacted healthy young adults an average of 3 years after they underwent research MRI scans. Via electronic survey, we administered the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. We divided aggression into Aggressive Thoughts (Anger and Hostility subscales) and Aggressive Acts (Verbal and Physical subscales) and used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to test the relationship of …
The Accumbofrontal Tract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterization And Developmental Change From Childhood To Adulthood, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Ikuta, P. Rigoard, B. D. Peters, P. Derosse, A. K. Malhotra, P. R. Szeszko
The Accumbofrontal Tract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterization And Developmental Change From Childhood To Adulthood, K. H. Karlsgodt, M. John, T. Ikuta, P. Rigoard, B. D. Peters, P. Derosse, A. K. Malhotra, P. R. Szeszko
Journal Articles
The presence of an anatomical connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, forming a so-called reward network, is well established across species. This connection has important implications for reward processing and is relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, white matter (WM) is known to continue to mature across adolescence and into early adulthood, and developmental change in the reward network is an important component of models of decision making and risk taking. Despite the importance of this connection, the underlying WM has only recently been characterized in humans histologically, and not yet in-vivo using brain imaging. Here, …
Treatment Of Early Non-Response In Patients With Schizophrenia: Assessing The Efficacy Of Antipsychotic Dose Escalation, A. Loebel, L. Citrome, C. U. Correll, J. Xu, J. Cucchiaro, J. M. Kane
Treatment Of Early Non-Response In Patients With Schizophrenia: Assessing The Efficacy Of Antipsychotic Dose Escalation, A. Loebel, L. Citrome, C. U. Correll, J. Xu, J. Cucchiaro, J. M. Kane
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
Self-Awareness Of Functional Impairment In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, D. M. Olvet, R. E. Carrion, A. M. Auther, B. A. Cornblatt
Self-Awareness Of Functional Impairment In Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis, D. M. Olvet, R. E. Carrion, A. M. Auther, B. A. Cornblatt
Journal Articles
AimsA major public health concern associated with schizophrenia is the long-term disability that involves an inability to function independently in the community. An individual's self-awareness of functional impairment may be a significant factor contributing to long-term disability. In fact, subjective interpretation of one's illness impacts treatment participation and adherence, and is linked to poor outcomes. However, it remains unclear how illness-related functional impairment is perceived by individuals prior to the onset of psychosis. This study aims to examine the relationship between clinician-based and self-report assessments of functioning, as well as the contribution of clinical symptoms to this relationship in individuals …
Age And Sex Effects On Corpus Callosum Morphology Across The Lifespan, D. M. Prendergast, B. Ardekani, T. Ikuta, M. John, B. Peters, P. Derosse, R. Wellington, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko
Age And Sex Effects On Corpus Callosum Morphology Across The Lifespan, D. M. Prendergast, B. Ardekani, T. Ikuta, M. John, B. Peters, P. Derosse, R. Wellington, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko
Journal Articles
The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest interhemispheric white matter tract in the human brain, and is characterized by pronounced differences in morphology among individuals. There are limited data, however, regarding typical development, sex differences, and the neuropsychological correlates of individual differences within CC subregions. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging exams were collected in a large cohort (N=305) of healthy individuals (ages 8-68). We used a highly reliable program to automatically identify the midsagittal plane and obtain CC subregion measures according to approaches described by Witelson [1989]: Brain 112:799-835 and Hampel et al. [1998]: Arch Neurol 55:193-198 and a measure of …
A Randomized Comparison Of Aripiprazole And Risperidone For The Acute Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia And Related Disorders: 3-Month Outcomes, D. G. Robinson, J. A. Gallego, M. John, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, L. Lopez, R. J. Braga, M. Naraine, N. Bennett, J. Greenberg, T. Lencz, C. U. Correll, J. M. Kane, A. K. Malhotra, +4 Additional Authors
A Randomized Comparison Of Aripiprazole And Risperidone For The Acute Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia And Related Disorders: 3-Month Outcomes, D. G. Robinson, J. A. Gallego, M. John, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, L. Lopez, R. J. Braga, M. Naraine, N. Bennett, J. Greenberg, T. Lencz, C. U. Correll, J. M. Kane, A. K. Malhotra, +4 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Research findings are particularly important for medication choice for first-episode patients as individual prior medication response to guide treatment decisions is unavailable. We describe the first large-scale double-masked randomized comparison with first-episode patients of aripiprazole and risperidone, 2 commonly used first-episode treatment agents. One hundred ninety-eight participants aged 15-40 years with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder or psychotic disorder Not Otherwise Specified, and who had been treated in their lifetime with antipsychotics for 2 weeks or less were randomly assigned to double-masked aripiprazole (5-30mg/d) or risperidone (1-6mg/d) and followed for 12 weeks. Positive symptom response rates did not differ (62.8% …
Prescription Practices In The Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Data From The National Raise-Etp Study, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, M. John, C. U. Correll, P. Marcy, J. Severe, A. Goldstein, S. Azrin, R. Heinssen, J. M. Kane, +7 Additional Authors
Prescription Practices In The Treatment Of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Data From The National Raise-Etp Study, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, M. John, C. U. Correll, P. Marcy, J. Severe, A. Goldstein, S. Azrin, R. Heinssen, J. M. Kane, +7 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Objective: Treatment guidelines suggest distinctive medication strategies for first-episode and multiepisode patients with schizophrenia. To assess the extent to which community clinicians adjust their usual treatment regimens for first-episode patients, the authors examined prescription patterns and factors associated with prescription choice in a national cohort of early-phase patients. Method: Prescription data at study entry were obtained from 404 participants in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Project's Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP), a nationwide multisite effectiveness study for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Treatment with antipsychotics did not exceed 6 months at study entry. Results: The authors identified 159 …
Relationship Of Cognition To Clinical Response In First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, P. Derosse, M. John, J. A. Gallego, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, J. Addington, C. H. Kellner, M. Tohen, K. E. Burdick, T. Goldberg, J. M. Kane, D. G. Robinson, A. K. Malhotra
Relationship Of Cognition To Clinical Response In First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, P. Derosse, M. John, J. A. Gallego, G. Petrides, Y. Hassoun, J. P. Zhang, J. Addington, C. H. Kellner, M. Tohen, K. E. Burdick, T. Goldberg, J. M. Kane, D. G. Robinson, A. K. Malhotra
Journal Articles
First-episode schizophrenia (FES) spectrum disorders are associated with pronounced cognitive dysfunction across all domains. However, less is known about the course of cognitive functioning, following the first presentation of psychosis, and the relationship of cognition to clinical course during initial treatment. The present longitudinal study examined the magnitude of neurocognitive impairment, using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, in patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis at baseline and after 12 weeks of randomized antipsychotic treatment with either aripiprazole or risperidone. At baseline, FES patients evidenced marked impairments in cognitive functioning. Notably, performance on the mazes task of planning and reasoning …
Independent Evidence For An Association Between General Cognitive Ability And A Genetic Locus For Educational Attainment, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, S. Guha, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, M. John, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, A. K. Malhotra, +41 Additional Authors
Independent Evidence For An Association Between General Cognitive Ability And A Genetic Locus For Educational Attainment, J. W. Trampush, T. Lencz, S. Guha, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, M. John, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, A. K. Malhotra, +41 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Cognitive deficits and reduced educational achievement are common in psychiatric illness; understanding the genetic basis of cognitive and educational deficits may be informative about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. A recent, large genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported a genome-wide significant locus for years of education, which subsequently demonstrated association to general cognitive ability (g) in overlapping cohorts. The current study was designed to test whether GWAS hits for educational attainment are involved in general cognitive ability in an independent, large-scale collection of cohorts. Using cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT; up to 20,495 healthy individuals), we examined the relationship …
Outcome Of Youth With Early-Phase Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders And Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: 12 Week Results From A Prospective, Naturalistic Cohort Study, D. L. Vernal, S. Kapoor, A. Al-Jadiri, E. Sheridan, Y. Borenstein, C. Mormando, L. David, S. Singh, A. J. Seidman, M. Carbon, E. Saito, J. M. Kane, C. U. Correll, +2 Additional Authors
Outcome Of Youth With Early-Phase Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders And Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: 12 Week Results From A Prospective, Naturalistic Cohort Study, D. L. Vernal, S. Kapoor, A. Al-Jadiri, E. Sheridan, Y. Borenstein, C. Mormando, L. David, S. Singh, A. J. Seidman, M. Carbon, E. Saito, J. M. Kane, C. U. Correll, +2 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the outcomes of youth with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SCZ-S) and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PsyNOS) during early antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: The study was a prospective, naturalistic, inception cohort study of youth
Evidence From Structural And Diffusion Tensor Imaging For Frontotemporal Deficits In Psychometric Schizotypy, P. Derosse, G. C. Nitzburg, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko
Evidence From Structural And Diffusion Tensor Imaging For Frontotemporal Deficits In Psychometric Schizotypy, P. Derosse, G. C. Nitzburg, T. Ikuta, B. D. Peters, A. K. Malhotra, P. Szeszko
Journal Articles
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of nonclinical samples exhibiting schizotypal traits have provided support for the existence of a continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Few studies, however, have examined the neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy using structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 68 were recruited from the community and assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and received structural and DTI exams. Participants with high (N = 67) and low (N = 71) psychometric schizotypy were compared on gray and white matter volume, and cortical thickness in frontal and temporal …
White Matter Development In The Early Stages Of Psychosis, B. D. Peters, K. H. Karlsgodt
White Matter Development In The Early Stages Of Psychosis, B. D. Peters, K. H. Karlsgodt
Journal Articles
Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a disorder of both neurodevelopment and a disorder of connectivity. One important aspect of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis is that schizophrenia is no longer thought to have discrete illness time points, but rather a long trajectory of brain changes, spanning many years, across a series of stages of the disease including the prodrome, first episode, and chronic period. As the disease progresses, there is a complex relationship between age related changes and disease related changes. Therefore, neural changes, and specifically white matter based connectivity changes, in schizophrenia may be best conceptualized based on a lifespan trajectory. …
Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest A Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette's Syndrome And Ocd, D. Yu, C. A. Mathews, R. D. Bruun, C. Budman, N. J. Cox, D. L. Pauls, +113 Additional Authors
Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest A Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette's Syndrome And Ocd, D. Yu, C. A. Mathews, R. D. Bruun, C. Budman, N. J. Cox, D. L. Pauls, +113 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome are highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders that are thought to share genetic risk factors. However, the identification of definitive susceptibility genes for these etiologically complex disorders remains elusive. The authors report a combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Tourette's syndrome and OCD. METHOD: The authors conducted a GWAS in 2,723 cases (1,310 with OCD, 834 with Tourette's syndrome, 579 with OCD plus Tourette's syndrome/chronic tics), 5,667 ancestry-matched controls, and 290 OCD parent-child trios. GWAS summary statistics were examined for enrichment of functional variants associated with gene expression levels in brain regions. Polygenic score analyses …
Default Mode Network Segregation And Social Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Non-Medicated Children., Benjamin E Yerys, Evan M Gordon, Danielle N Abrams, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Rachel Weinblatt, Kathryn F Jankowski, John Strang, Lauren Kenworthy, William D. Gaillard, Chandan J Vaidya
Default Mode Network Segregation And Social Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Non-Medicated Children., Benjamin E Yerys, Evan M Gordon, Danielle N Abrams, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Rachel Weinblatt, Kathryn F Jankowski, John Strang, Lauren Kenworthy, William D. Gaillard, Chandan J Vaidya
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications
Functional pathology of the default mode network is posited to be central to social-cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Altered functional connectivity of the default mode network's midline core may be a potential endophenotype for social deficits in ASD. Generalizability from prior studies is limited by inclusion of medicated participants and by methods favoring restricted examination of network function. This study measured resting-state functional connectivity in 22 8-13 year-old non-medicated children with ASD and 22 typically developing controls using seed-based and network segregation functional connectivity methods. Relative to controls the ASD group showed both under- and over-functional connectivity within …
North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls 2) The Prodromal Symptoms, J. Addington, L. Liu, L. Buchy, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors
North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls 2) The Prodromal Symptoms, J. Addington, L. Liu, L. Buchy, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, D. H. Mathalon, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
In studies describing the long-term follow-up up of youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, little attention has been given to details of specific prodromal symptoms. In this paper, we describe the prodromal symptoms of 764 CHR participants recruited in the multi-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). Symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-ups. Clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment was categorized as psychotic, prodromal progression, symptomatic or in remission. Most of the CHR sample (92%) met criteria for the attenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS). Significant …
Association Of Thalamic Dysconnectivity And Conversion To Psychosis In Youth And Young Adults At Elevated Clinical Risk, A. Anticevic, K. Haut, J. D. Murray, G. Repovs, B. Goodyear, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +16 Additional Authors
Association Of Thalamic Dysconnectivity And Conversion To Psychosis In Youth And Young Adults At Elevated Clinical Risk, A. Anticevic, K. Haut, J. D. Murray, G. Repovs, B. Goodyear, K. S. Cadenhead, H. Mirzakhanian, B. A. Cornblatt, D. Olvet, T. D. Cannon, +16 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
IMPORTANCE: Severe neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, affect distributed neural computations. One candidate system profoundly altered in chronic schizophrenia involves the thalamocortical networks. It is widely acknowledged that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that likely affects the brain before onset of clinical symptoms. However, no investigation has tested whether thalamocortical connectivity is altered in individuals at risk for psychosis or whether this pattern is more severe in individuals who later develop full-blown illness. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether baseline thalamocortical connectivity differs between individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and healthy controls, whether this pattern is more severe in those …
Strategies For Health Research: Lessons From 3 Mobile Intervention Studies, D. Ben-Zeev, S. M. Schueller, M. Begale, J. Duffecy, J. M. Kane, D. C. Mohr
Strategies For Health Research: Lessons From 3 Mobile Intervention Studies, D. Ben-Zeev, S. M. Schueller, M. Begale, J. Duffecy, J. M. Kane, D. C. Mohr
Journal Articles
The capacity of Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies to propel healthcare forward is directly linked to the quality of mobile interventions developed through careful mHealth research. mHealth research entails several unique characteristics, including collaboration with technologists at all phases of a project, reliance on regional telecommunication infrastructure and commercial mobile service providers, and deployment and evaluation of interventions "in the wild", with participants using mobile tools in uncontrolled environments. In the current paper, we summarize the lessons our multi-institutional/multi-disciplinary team has learned conducting a range of mHealth projects using mobile phones with diverse clinical populations. First, we describe three ongoing projects …
Long-Acting Injectable Versus Daily Oral Antipsychotic Treatment Trials In Schizophrenia: Pragmatic Versus Explanatory Study Designs, C. A. Bossie, L. D. Alphs, Christoph Correll
Long-Acting Injectable Versus Daily Oral Antipsychotic Treatment Trials In Schizophrenia: Pragmatic Versus Explanatory Study Designs, C. A. Bossie, L. D. Alphs, Christoph Correll
Journal Articles
Trial design characteristics related to the explanatory:pragmatic spectrum may contribute toward the inconsistent results reported in studies comparing long-acting injectable (LAI) versus daily oral antipsychotic (AP) treatments in schizophrenia. A novel approach examined the hypothesis that a more pragmatic design is important to show the advantages of LAI versus oral APs. A literature search identified comparative studies assessing the clinical efficacy/effectiveness of LAI versus oral APs in more than 100 schizophrenia patients, with 6-month or more duration/follow-up, and published between January 1993 and December 2013 (n=11). Each study's design was rated using the six-domain ASPECT-R (A Study Pragmatic:Explanatory Characterization Tool-Rating). …
Perfectionism Related To Self-Reported Insomnia Severity, But Not When Controlled For Stress And Emotion Regulation, S. Brand, R. Kirov, N. Kalak, M. Gerber, U. Puhse, S. Lemola, Christoph Correll, S. Cortese, T. Meyer, E. Holsboer-Trachsler
Perfectionism Related To Self-Reported Insomnia Severity, But Not When Controlled For Stress And Emotion Regulation, S. Brand, R. Kirov, N. Kalak, M. Gerber, U. Puhse, S. Lemola, Christoph Correll, S. Cortese, T. Meyer, E. Holsboer-Trachsler
Journal Articles
Background: Perfectionism is understood as a set of personality traits such as unrealistically high and rigid standards for performance, fear of failure, and excessive self-criticism. Previous studies showed a direct association between increased perfectionism and poor sleep, though without taking into account possible mediating factors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that perfectionism was directly associated with poor sleep, and that this association collapsed, if mediating factors such as stress and poor emotion regulation were taken into account. Methods: Three hundred and forty six young adult students (M=23.87 years) completed questionnaires relating to perfectionism traits, sleep, and psychological functioning such as …
Abnormal Movements In First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, And Catatonic-Like Signs, M. T. Compton, F. Fantes, C. R. Wan, S. Johnson, E. F. Walker
Abnormal Movements In First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, And Catatonic-Like Signs, M. T. Compton, F. Fantes, C. R. Wan, S. Johnson, E. F. Walker
Journal Articles
Motor abnormalities represent a neurobehavioral domain of signs intrinsic to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, though they are commonly attributed to medication side effects and remain understudied. Individuals with first-episode psychosis represent an ideal group to study innate movement disorders due to minimal prior antipsychotic exposure. We measured dyskinesias, stereotypies, and catatonic-like signs and examined their associations with: (1) age at onset of psychotic symptoms and duration of untreated psychosis; (2) positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms; (3) neurocognition; and (4) neurological soft signs. Among 47 predominantly African American first-episode psychosis patients in a public-sector hospital, the presence and severity of dyskinesias, stereotypies, and …