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Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry

Practice Effects Due To Serial Cognitive Assessment: Implications For Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Randomized Controlled Trials, T. E. Goldberg, P. D. Harvey, K. A. Wesnes, P. J. Snyder, L. S. Schneider Jan 2015

Practice Effects Due To Serial Cognitive Assessment: Implications For Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Randomized Controlled Trials, T. E. Goldberg, P. D. Harvey, K. A. Wesnes, P. J. Snyder, L. S. Schneider

Journal Articles

AbstractIntroduction Practice effects are characteristic of nearly all standard cognitive tasks when repeated during serial assessments and are frequently important confounders in clinical trials. Methods We summarize evidence that gains in neuropsychological test performance scores associated with practice effects occur as artifactual changes associated with serial testing within clinical trials. We identify and emphasize such gains in older, non–cognitively impaired individuals and estimate an effect size of 0.25 for composite cognitive measures in older populations assessed three times in a 6- to 12-month period. Results We identified three complementary approaches that can be used to attenuate practice effects: (1) massed …


Joint Analysis Of Psychiatric Disorders Increases Accuracy Of Risk Prediction For Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, And Major Depressive Disorder, R. Maier, G. Moser, C. M. Hultman, M. Landen, D. F. Levinson, K. S. Kendler, J. W. Smoller, N. R. Wray, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, +7 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Joint Analysis Of Psychiatric Disorders Increases Accuracy Of Risk Prediction For Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, And Major Depressive Disorder, R. Maier, G. Moser, C. M. Hultman, M. Landen, D. F. Levinson, K. S. Kendler, J. W. Smoller, N. R. Wray, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, +7 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Genetic risk prediction has several potential applications in medical research and clinical practice and could be used, for example, to stratify a heterogeneous population of patients by their predicted genetic risk. However, for polygenic traits, such as psychiatric disorders, the accuracy of risk prediction is low. Here we use a multivariate linear mixed model and apply multi-trait genomic best linear unbiased prediction for genetic risk prediction. This method exploits correlations between disorders and simultaneously evaluates individual risk for each disorder. We show that the multivariate approach significantly increases the prediction accuracy for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in …


Dissecting The Heterogeneity Of Treatment Response In First-Episode Schizophrenia, A. K. Malhotra Jan 2015

Dissecting The Heterogeneity Of Treatment Response In First-Episode Schizophrenia, A. K. Malhotra

Journal Articles

The Mental Health Centers for Intervention Development and Applied Research (CIDAR) program prioritized research to provide an evidence base for biomarker development. At the Zucker Hillside Hospital (ZHH), our CIDAR grant supported research on a comprehensive investigation of treatment response and outcome in first episode schizophrenia. Results provide evidence that baseline neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and genetic measures are significantly associated with clinical response to treatment, and that our currently available interventions can effectively treat aspects of psychotic illness, as well as potentially reduce comorbidity associated with illness. Future research may include combining modalities to more robustly predict response and identify treatment …


Objective Identification And Analysis Of Physiological And Behavioral Signs Of Schizophrenia, M. Osipov, Y. Behzadi, J. M. Kane, G. Petrides, G. D. Clifford Jan 2015

Objective Identification And Analysis Of Physiological And Behavioral Signs Of Schizophrenia, M. Osipov, Y. Behzadi, J. M. Kane, G. Petrides, G. D. Clifford

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: A patient's physical activity is often used by psychiatrists to contribute to the diagnostic process for mental disorders. Typically, it is based mostly on self-reports or observations, and hardly ever upon actigraphy. Other signals related to physiology are rarely used, despite the fact that the autonomic nervous system is often affected by mental disorders. AIM: This study attempted to fuse physiological and physical activity data and discover features that are predictive for schizophrenia. METHOD: Continuous simultaneous heart rate (HR) and physical activity recordings were made on 16 individuals with schizophrenia and 19 healthy controls. Statistical characteristics of the recorded …


Delayed Identification And Diagnosis Of Huntington's Disease Due To Psychiatric Symptoms, A. M. Pascu, P. Ifteni, A. Teodorescu, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll Jan 2015

Delayed Identification And Diagnosis Of Huntington's Disease Due To Psychiatric Symptoms, A. M. Pascu, P. Ifteni, A. Teodorescu, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll

Journal Articles

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness that affects 2-9/100.000 of the general population. The usual onset is at around age 35-40 years, but there were cases with onset above 55 years. The disease manifests clinically with many neurological and psychiatric symptoms, leading in advanced phases to dementia, but cognitive symptoms are frequently present much earlier in the disease course. HD is caused by an expanded polyglutamine stretch in the N-terminal part of a 350 kDa protein called huntingtin (HTT). This stretch is encoded by a trinucleotide CAG repetition in exon 1 of HTT. An expansion of greater than …


Child And Adolescent Psychiatrists' Reported Monitoring Behaviors For Second-Generation Antipsychotics, A. M. Rodday, S. K. Parsons, C. Mankiw, C. U. Correll, A. S. Robb, B. T. Zima, T. S. Saunders, L. K. Leslie Jan 2015

Child And Adolescent Psychiatrists' Reported Monitoring Behaviors For Second-Generation Antipsychotics, A. M. Rodday, S. K. Parsons, C. Mankiw, C. U. Correll, A. S. Robb, B. T. Zima, T. S. Saunders, L. K. Leslie

Journal Articles

Objective: The number of children and adolescents (hereafter referred to as "children") who have been prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) has increased over the last decade, but little is known about monitoring practices in pediatric patients who are vulnerable to adverse effects. We examined factors associated with psychiatrists' self-reported monitoring of children who were prescribed SGAs. Methods: A survey was mailed to a national, randomly selected sample of 1600 child and adolescent psychiatrists from the American Medical Association mailing list. Using logistic regression, we tested whether psychiatrist characteristics, attitudes, and practice characteristics were associated with monitoring (baseline and/or periodic) the following: …


Combination Of Agomelatine And Bupropion For Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results From A Chart Review Study Including A Matched Control Group, K. W. Suhs, C. U. Correll, C. K. Eberlein, R. Pul, H. Frieling, S. Bleich, K. G. Kahl Jan 2015

Combination Of Agomelatine And Bupropion For Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results From A Chart Review Study Including A Matched Control Group, K. W. Suhs, C. U. Correll, C. K. Eberlein, R. Pul, H. Frieling, S. Bleich, K. G. Kahl

Journal Articles

Introduction: Although a growing selection of antidepressants is available, a significant number of patients do not reach clinical remission, despite multiple trials. Data concerning the efficacy and safety of combination therapies with newer antidepressants are limited. Methods: Fifteen inpatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as Beck Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-2) scores >14 despite treatment with adequate doses of 1 antidepressant classes for 6weeks, were treated with agomelatine plus bupropion for 6weeks, and compared to 15 patients on antidepressant monotherapy with TRD matched on age, sex, and TRD stage based on retrospective chart review. The primary outcome was change in BDI-2 scores. …


Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy Of Polygenic Risk Scores, B. J. Vilhjalmsson, J. Yang, H. K. Finucane, A. Gusev, S. Lindstrom, S. Ripke, R. Tamimi, E. Stahl, A. L. Price, T. Lencz, +25 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy Of Polygenic Risk Scores, B. J. Vilhjalmsson, J. Yang, H. K. Finucane, A. Gusev, S. Lindstrom, S. Ripke, R. Tamimi, E. Stahl, A. L. Price, T. Lencz, +25 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Polygenic risk scores have shown great promise in predicting complex disease risk and will become more accurate as training sample sizes increase. The standard approach for calculating risk scores involves linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based marker pruning and applying a p value threshold to association statistics, but this discards information and can reduce predictive accuracy. We introduce LDpred, a method that infers the posterior mean effect size of each marker by using a prior on effect sizes and LD information from an external reference panel. Theory and simulations show that LDpred outperforms the approach of pruning followed by thresholding, particularly at large …


Specificity Of Incident Diagnostic Outcomes In Patients At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, J. R. Webb, J. Addington, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, E. F. Walker, T. H. Mcglashan, S. W. Woods, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Specificity Of Incident Diagnostic Outcomes In Patients At Clinical High Risk For Psychosis, J. R. Webb, J. Addington, D. O. Perkins, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. A. Cornblatt, E. F. Walker, T. H. Mcglashan, S. W. Woods, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

It is not well established whether the incident outcomes of the clinical high-risk (CHR) syndrome for psychosis are diagnostically specific for psychosis or whether CHR patients also are at elevated risk for a variety of nonpsychotic disorders. We collected 2 samples (NAPLS-1, PREDICT) that contained CHR patients and a control group who responded to CHR recruitment efforts but did not meet CHR criteria on interview (help-seeking comparison patients [HSC]). Incident diagnostic outcomes were defined as the occurrence of a SIPS-defined psychosis or a structured interview diagnosis from 1 of 3 nonpsychotic Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition …


Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis Is Associated With Rare Hla-Dqb1 And Hla-B Alleles, J. I. Goldstein, L. F. Jarskog, C. Hilliard, A. Alfirevic, H. L. Huang, M. Lek, A. L. Holden, D. L. Kelly, A. K. Malhotra, P. F. Sullivan, +21 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis Is Associated With Rare Hla-Dqb1 And Hla-B Alleles, J. I. Goldstein, L. F. Jarskog, C. Hilliard, A. Alfirevic, H. L. Huang, M. Lek, A. L. Holden, D. L. Kelly, A. K. Malhotra, P. F. Sullivan, +21 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Clozapine is a particularly effective antipsychotic medication but its use is curtailed by the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis/granulocytopenia (CIAG), a severe adverse drug reaction occurring in up to 1% of treated individuals. Identifying genetic risk factors for CIAG could enable safer and more widespread use of clozapine. Here we perform the largest and most comprehensive genetic study of CIAG to date by interrogating 163 cases using genomewide genotyping and whole-exome sequencing. We find that two loci in the major histocompatibility complex are independently associated with CIAG: a single amino acid in HLA-DQB1 (126Q) (P = 4.7 x 10(-14), odds ratio …


Sudden Unexpected Death In Schizophrenia: Autopsy Findings In Psychiatric Inpatients, P. Ifteni, C. U. Correll, V. Burtea, J. M. Kane, P. Manu Jan 2014

Sudden Unexpected Death In Schizophrenia: Autopsy Findings In Psychiatric Inpatients, P. Ifteni, C. U. Correll, V. Burtea, J. M. Kane, P. Manu

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia is associated with premature mortality and a high rate of sudden, unexpected deaths. Autopsy data are scant, and in studies using death certificates or root cause assessments, a majority of sudden deaths remained unexplained. In the community, post-mortem data indicate that the most common cause of sudden "natural" death is coronary artery disease. In this study, we used autopsy findings to determine the cause of sudden death in a consecutive cohort of 7189 schizophrenia patients admitted to a free-standing, psychiatric teaching hospital from 1989 to 2013. Medical record review identified 57 patients (0.79%) who died suddenly and unexpectedly during …


Schizophrenia Relapse After Stopping Olanzapine Treatment During Pregnancy: A Case Report, P. Ifteni, M. A. Moga, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll Jan 2014

Schizophrenia Relapse After Stopping Olanzapine Treatment During Pregnancy: A Case Report, P. Ifteni, M. A. Moga, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll

Journal Articles

Women with schizophrenia have a high risk for symptom exacerbation or relapse during pregnancy and thereafter. Relapses are more frequent when antipsychotics are discontinued. This paper describes the case of a 28-year old woman with schizophrenia who continued treatment with olanzapine during the first trimester. Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, was administered at a therapeutic dose from week 1 of gestation until week 13 when she reported the pregnancy to her psychiatrist. Despite the psychiatrist's recommendation to continue treatment, the patient stopped olanzapine at 20 weeks. She was hospitalized at week 36 for a schizophrenia relapse and was transferred to the …


Altered White Matter Microstructure Is Associated With Social Cognition And Psychotic Symptoms In 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome, M. Jalbrzikowski, J. E. Villalon-Reina, K. H. Karlsgodt, D. Senturk, C. Chow, P. M. Thompson, C. E. Bearden Jan 2014

Altered White Matter Microstructure Is Associated With Social Cognition And Psychotic Symptoms In 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome, M. Jalbrzikowski, J. E. Villalon-Reina, K. H. Karlsgodt, D. Senturk, C. Chow, P. M. Thompson, C. E. Bearden

Journal Articles

22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a highly penetrant genetic mutation associated with a significantly increased risk for psychosis. Aberrant neurodevelopment may lead to inappropriate neural circuit formation and cerebral dysconnectivity in 22q11DS, which may contribute to symptom development. Here we examined: (1) differences between 22q11DS participants and typically developing controls in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures within white matter tracts; (2) whether there is an altered age-related trajectory of white matter pathways in 22q11DS; and (3) relationships between DTI measures, social cognition task performance, and positive symptoms of psychosis in 22q11DS and typically developing controls. Sixty-four direction diffusion weighted imaging …


The Relation Between Diabetes Self-Efficacy And Psychological Distress Among Older Adults: Do Racial And Ethnic Differences Exist?, G. Kim, Ruth Shim, K. L. Ford, T. A. Baker Jan 2014

The Relation Between Diabetes Self-Efficacy And Psychological Distress Among Older Adults: Do Racial And Ethnic Differences Exist?, G. Kim, Ruth Shim, K. L. Ford, T. A. Baker

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: This study examined racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between diabetes self-efficacy and psychological distress among older adults with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Adults aged 60 or older with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (N = 3,067) were drawn from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: After controlling for covariates, African Americans and those with higher levels of diabetes self-efficacy tended to have lower levels of psychological distress. Significant interactions were found in the Hispanic/Latino and Asian groups: The effect of diabetes self-efficacy on psychological distress was greater for Hispanics/Latinos and Asians than …


Molecular Genetic Evidence For Overlap Between General Cognitive Ability And Risk For Schizophrenia: A Report From The Cognitive Genomics Consortium (Cogent), T. Lencz, E. Knowles, G. Davies, S. Guha, D. C. Liewald, J. M. Starr, S. Djurovic, I. Melle, K. Sundet, A. Christoforou, I. Reinvang, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, A. Lundervold, V. M. Steen, M. John, T. Espeseth, K. Raikkonen, E. Widen, A. Palotie, J. G. Eriksson, I. Giegling, B. Konte, M. Ikeda, P. Roussos, S. Giakoumaki, K. E. Burdick, A. Payton, W. Ollier, M. Horan, G. Donohoe, D. Morris, A. Corvin, M. Gill, N. Pendleton, N. Iwata, A. Darvasi, P. Bitsios, D. Rujescu, J. Lahti, S. L. Hellard, M. C. Keller, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, Anil Malhotra Jan 2014

Molecular Genetic Evidence For Overlap Between General Cognitive Ability And Risk For Schizophrenia: A Report From The Cognitive Genomics Consortium (Cogent), T. Lencz, E. Knowles, G. Davies, S. Guha, D. C. Liewald, J. M. Starr, S. Djurovic, I. Melle, K. Sundet, A. Christoforou, I. Reinvang, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, A. Lundervold, V. M. Steen, M. John, T. Espeseth, K. Raikkonen, E. Widen, A. Palotie, J. G. Eriksson, I. Giegling, B. Konte, M. Ikeda, P. Roussos, S. Giakoumaki, K. E. Burdick, A. Payton, W. Ollier, M. Horan, G. Donohoe, D. Morris, A. Corvin, M. Gill, N. Pendleton, N. Iwata, A. Darvasi, P. Bitsios, D. Rujescu, J. Lahti, S. L. Hellard, M. C. Keller, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, Anil Malhotra

Journal Articles

It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia (SCZ), evident before full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for SCZ and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with SCZ; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SCZ have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of …


The Relationship Between Fasting Serum Glucose And Cerebral Glucose Metabolism In Late-Life Depression And Normal Aging, C. M. Marano, C. I. Workman, C. H. Lyman, E. Kramer, C. R. Hermann, Y. L. Ma, V. Dhawan, T. Chaly, D. Eidelberg, G. S. Smith Jan 2014

The Relationship Between Fasting Serum Glucose And Cerebral Glucose Metabolism In Late-Life Depression And Normal Aging, C. M. Marano, C. I. Workman, C. H. Lyman, E. Kramer, C. R. Hermann, Y. L. Ma, V. Dhawan, T. Chaly, D. Eidelberg, G. S. Smith

Journal Articles

Evidence exists for late-life depression (LLD) as both a prodrome of and risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Impaired peripheral glucose metabolism may explain the association between depression and AD given the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus with both depression and AD. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures of cerebral glucose metabolism are sensitive to detecting changes in neural circuitry in LLD and AD. Fasting serum glucose (FSG) in non-diabetic young (YC; n=20) and elderly controls (EC; n=12) and LLD patients (n = 16) was correlated with PET scans of cerebral glucose metabolism …


Copy Number Variation In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder And Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study, L. M. Mcgrath, D. M. Yu, C. Marshall, L. K. Davis, B. Thiruvahindrapuram, B. B. Li, C. Cappi, R. D. Bruun, Cathy Budman, J. M. Scharf, +112 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Copy Number Variation In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder And Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study, L. M. Mcgrath, D. M. Yu, C. Marshall, L. K. Davis, B. Thiruvahindrapuram, B. B. Li, C. Cappi, R. D. Bruun, Cathy Budman, J. M. Scharf, +112 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (


Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci, S. Ripke, B. M. Neale, A. Corvin, J. T. R. Walters, K. H. Farh, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, Consortium Psychiat Genomics, Conso Psychosis Endophenotypes Int, Consor Wellcome Trust Case-Control, +292 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci, S. Ripke, B. M. Neale, A. Corvin, J. T. R. Walters, K. H. Farh, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, Consortium Psychiat Genomics, Conso Psychosis Endophenotypes Int, Consor Wellcome Trust Case-Control, +292 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain, providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely new insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and …


Affective Temperaments And Neurocognitive Functioning In Bipolar Disorder, M. Russo, K. Mahon, M. Shanahan, E. Ramjas, C. Solon, R. Braga, K. E. Burdick Jan 2014

Affective Temperaments And Neurocognitive Functioning In Bipolar Disorder, M. Russo, K. Mahon, M. Shanahan, E. Ramjas, C. Solon, R. Braga, K. E. Burdick

Journal Articles

Background: There is evidence that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) score higher on affective temperament ratings compared to healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, unaffected relatives demonstrate similar patterns as BD patients suggesting that such temperaments are related to the genetic risk for BD and may serve as endophenotypes for the disorder, It is unknown whether affective temperaments are associated with other core features of BD, such as impairments in neurocognition. This study examined the relationship between affective temperaments and neurocognition in patients with BD and in HCs. Methods: Temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San …


Default Mode Network Connectivity And Reciprocal Social Behavior In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, M. J. Schreiner, K. H. Karlsgodt, L. Q. Uddin, C. Chow, E. Congdon, M. Jalbrzikowski, C. E. Bearden Jan 2014

Default Mode Network Connectivity And Reciprocal Social Behavior In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, M. J. Schreiner, K. H. Karlsgodt, L. Q. Uddin, C. Chow, E. Congdon, M. Jalbrzikowski, C. E. Bearden

Journal Articles

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic mutation associated with disorders of cortical connectivity and social dysfunction. However, little is known about the functional connectivity (FC) of the resting brain in 22q11DS and its relationship with social behavior. A seed-based analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was used to investigate FC associated with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), in (26) youth with 22qDS and (51) demographically matched controls. Subsequently, the relationship between PCC connectivity and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores was examined in 22q11DS participants. Relative to 22q11DS participants, controls showed significantly stronger FC between the PCC and …


Aggression In Schizophrenia And Its Relationship To Neural Circuitry Of Urgency, P. Szeszko Jan 2014

Aggression In Schizophrenia And Its Relationship To Neural Circuitry Of Urgency, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.


Functional Development In Clinical High Risk Youth: Prediction Of Schizophrenia Versus Other Psychotic Disorders, S. I. Tarbox, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Functional Development In Clinical High Risk Youth: Prediction Of Schizophrenia Versus Other Psychotic Disorders, S. I. Tarbox, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

This study evaluates premorbid social and academic functioning in clinical high-risk individuals as predictors of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder. Participants were 54 individuals enrolled in phase one of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who over two and a half years of follow-up met criteria for schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (n=28) or another psychotic disorder (n=26). Social and academic functioning in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence was assessed at baseline using the Cannon-Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Social maladjustment in late adolescence predicted significantly higher odds of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder independent of childhood and early …


Stress Exposure And Sensitivity In The Clinical High-Risk Syndrome: Initial Findings From The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls), H. D. Trotman, C. W. Holtzman, E. F. Walker, J. M. Addington, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, R. K. Heinssen, T. H. Mcglashan, +5 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Stress Exposure And Sensitivity In The Clinical High-Risk Syndrome: Initial Findings From The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls), H. D. Trotman, C. W. Holtzman, E. F. Walker, J. M. Addington, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, R. K. Heinssen, T. H. Mcglashan, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

There is inconsistent evidence for increased stress exposure among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Yet similar to patients with a diagnosed psychotic illness, the preponderance of evidence suggests that CHR individuals tend to experience stressful life events (LE) and daily hassles (DH) as more subjectively stressful than healthy individuals. The present study utilizes data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2 (NAPLS-2) to test the hypotheses that (1) CHR individuals manifest higher self-reported stress in response to both LE and DH when compared to healthy controls (HC), (2) group differences in self-reported stress increase with …


Moderator Effects Of Working Memory On The Stability Of Adhd Symptoms By Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms During Development, J. Trampush, M. M. Jacobs, Y. L. Hurd, J. H. Newcorn, J. M. Halperin Jan 2014

Moderator Effects Of Working Memory On The Stability Of Adhd Symptoms By Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms During Development, J. Trampush, M. M. Jacobs, Y. L. Hurd, J. H. Newcorn, J. M. Halperin

Journal Articles

We tested the hypothesis that dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene (DRD1 and DRD2, respectively) polymorphisms and the development of working memory skills can interact to influence symptom change over 10 years in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, we examined whether improvements in working memory maintenance and manipulation from childhood to early adulthood predicted the reduction of ADHD symptoms as a function of allelic variation in DRD1 and DRD2. Participants were 76 7-11-year-old children with ADHD who were genotyped and prospectively followed for almost 10 years. ADHD symptoms were rated using the Attention Problems scale on the Child Behavior …


Rdocs Redux, D. R. Weinberger, T. Goldberg Jan 2014

Rdocs Redux, D. R. Weinberger, T. Goldberg

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.


Decomposing Decision Components In The Stop-Signal Task: A Model-Based Approach To Individual Differences In Inhibitory Control, C. N. White, E. Congdon, J. A. Mumford, K. H. Karlsgodt, F. W. Sabb, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, T. D. Cannon, R. M. Bilder, R. A. Poldrack Jan 2014

Decomposing Decision Components In The Stop-Signal Task: A Model-Based Approach To Individual Differences In Inhibitory Control, C. N. White, E. Congdon, J. A. Mumford, K. H. Karlsgodt, F. W. Sabb, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, T. D. Cannon, R. M. Bilder, R. A. Poldrack

Journal Articles

The stop-signal task, in which participants must inhibit prepotent responses, has been used to identify neural systems that vary with individual differences in inhibitory control. To explore how these differences relate to other aspects of decision making, a drift-diffusion model of simple decisions was fitted to stop-signal task data from go trials to extract measures of caution, motor execution time, and stimulus processing speed for each of 123 participants. These values were used to probe fMRI data to explore individual differences in neural activation. Faster processing of the go stimulus correlated with greater activation in the right frontal pole for …


Markers Of Inflammation In Schizophrenia: Association Vs. Causation, P. Manu, C. U. Correll, M. Wampers, A. J. Mitchell, M. Probst, D. Vancampfort, M. De Hert Jan 2014

Markers Of Inflammation In Schizophrenia: Association Vs. Causation, P. Manu, C. U. Correll, M. Wampers, A. J. Mitchell, M. Probst, D. Vancampfort, M. De Hert

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.


Sex Differences In Anxiety And Depression Clinical Perspectives, M. Altemus, N. Sarvaiya, C. N. Epperson Jan 2014

Sex Differences In Anxiety And Depression Clinical Perspectives, M. Altemus, N. Sarvaiya, C. N. Epperson

Journal Articles

Sex differences are prominent in mood and anxiety disorders and may provide a window into mechanisms of onset and maintenance of affective disturbances in both men and women. With the plethora of sex differences in brain structure, function, and stress responsivity, as well as differences in exposure to reproductive hormones, social expectations and experiences, the challenge is to understand which sex differences are relevant to affective illness. This review will focus on clinical aspects of sex differences in affective disorders including the emergence of sex differences across developmental stages and the impact of reproductive events. Biological, cultural, and experiential factors …


Family-Focused Treatment For Adolescents And Young Adults At High Risk For Psychosis: Results Of A Randomized Trial, D. J. Miklowitz, M. P. O'Brien, D. A. Schlosser, J. Addington, K. A. Candan, B. C. Walsh, J. L. Zinberg, S. D. De Silva, M. Friedman-Yakoobian, T. D. Cannon, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Family-Focused Treatment For Adolescents And Young Adults At High Risk For Psychosis: Results Of A Randomized Trial, D. J. Miklowitz, M. P. O'Brien, D. A. Schlosser, J. Addington, K. A. Candan, B. C. Walsh, J. L. Zinberg, S. D. De Silva, M. Friedman-Yakoobian, T. D. Cannon, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Longitudinal studies have begun to clarify the phenotypic characteristics of adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis. This 8-site randomized trial examined whether a 6-month program of family psychoeducation was effective in reducing the severity of attenuated positive and negative psychotic symptoms and enhancing functioning among individuals at high risk. Method: Adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.4 +/- 4.1 years) with attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, brief and intermittent psychosis, or genetic risk with functional deterioration were randomly assigned to 18 sessions of family-focused therapy for individuals at clinical high risk (FFT-CHR) in 6 months or …


Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Plasma Homovanillic Acid Levels In Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report, I. Miura, S. Kono, S. Oshima, K. Kanno-Nozaki, H. Mashiko, S. I. Niwa, H. Yabe Jan 2014

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Plasma Homovanillic Acid Levels In Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report, I. Miura, S. Kono, S. Oshima, K. Kanno-Nozaki, H. Mashiko, S. I. Niwa, H. Yabe

Journal Articles

Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder is a serious, but not unusual problem for patients. Nevertheless, there are few biomarkers for distinguishing unipolar and bipolar disorder. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive and useful method for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration changes in the cortical surface area, which enables the assessment of brain function. We measured NIRS and plasma monoamine metabolite levels in a patient with bipolar disorder. A 22-year-old man was admitted due to major depression. At admission, NIRS findings showed oxygenated hemoglobin reincrease in the posttask period, which is characteristic of schizophrenia. After treatment with paroxetine, he became manic with …