Pediatrics Commons^™

Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with inflammatory bowel disease.

Functional Neurological Disorder, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with functional neurological disorder.

A Cost-Consequence Analysis Of The Children’S Administration Oxygenation Strategies Trial (Coast) In Severe Pneumonia, Orlagh U. Carroll, Richard Grieve, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Robert Opoka, Charles Engoru, Florence Alaroker, Abner Tagoola, Mainga Hamaluba, Eva Nabawanuka

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Oxygen supplementation is a recommended treatment for children with severe pneumonia or hypoxaemia. The open, fractional-factorial Children’s Oxygen Administration Strategies Trial (COAST) recruited Kenyan and Ugandan children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia. Participants in the severe hypoxaemia stratum (SpO₂ <  80%) were randomised to high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) or low-flow oxygen (LFO), and in the hypoxaemia stratum (SpO₂ 80–91%) to HFNT, LFO or permissive hypoxaemia (ratio 1:1:2). The trial stopped early and there is ongoing uncertainty about the clinical benefits of the alternative strategies. There is a lack of evidence about the relative costs, of alternative oxygen delivery for critically-ill children in low- and middle- income countries. We used data from COAST to conduct a cost-consequence analysis …

Progression Of Mild Sleep-Disordered Breathing In Children Managed With Watchful Waiting, Erin M. Kirkham, Stacey Ishman, Susan Garetz, Cristina M. Baldassari, Ron B. Mitchell, Christopher Liu, Ignacio E. Tapia, Lisa M. Elden, Fauziya Hassan, Sally Ibrahim, Kristie Ross, Mengqi Cen, Rui Wang, Susan Redline, Ronald D. Chervin

Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) Faculty Publications

Purpose

To identify clinical characteristics that may be associated with persistence or progression of mild sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children who are observed without surgery.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of the control arm of the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial for Snoring (PATS), which randomized 458 children aged 3.0 to 12.9 years with mild SDB (snoring with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index [oAHI] <  3 events/hour) to early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) versus watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC). Participants were assessed at baseline and 12 months with the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire-Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder (PSQ-SRBD) scale and polysomnography (PSG). We tested for factors predictive of either (1) PSG progression defined by a 12-month oAHI ≥ 3 or (2) symptom persistence or progression defined by a 12-month PSQ-SRBD score ≥ 0.33.

Results

A total of 234 participants were observed (mean age 6.2 years, 111 [47%] female, 65 [28%] Black or African American, 37 [16%] Hispanic). Overall, only 13% (n = 20/150) progressed to an oAHI ≥ 3 on repeat PSG, …

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: Clinical Profile And Outcomes At A Tertiary Hospital In Kenya, Peninah Mwangi, Katherine Oyieke, Sam Gwer, Pauline Samia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is characterised by onset of epileptic spasms between 3 and 12 months, with or without typical hypsarrhythmia, and developmental stagnation or regression. There are limited data on the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of IESS in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: To describe the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of infants diagnosed with and managed for IESS at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi.

Methods: Records of children aged 3–24 months diagnosed with IESS between January 2012 and December 2021 were identified from the hospital information system using the terms “infantile spasm”, “epileptic spasms”, …

Child Exploitation Through Online Sharing: “Sharenting” And The Role Of The Pediatric Provider, Stacey Steinberg, Cameron Rosenthal

UF Law Faculty Publications

The alarming trend of “sharenting” highlights the need for increased vigilance in protecting children from online exploitation. When parents share intimate details about children’s lives on social media, they may inadvertently expose them to danger. Pediatricians are equipped to safeguard children from parental abuse and neglect; however, they are less prepared to protect children from harm caused by parents online.

When parents exploit children on social media, pediatricians face challenges in protecting patients while also following laws that maintain parental autonomy. Using a child welfare framework, this article defines these online harms and proposes strategies for protecting children from exploitative …

Intra-Amniotic Infection (Iai) Prevention, Shelbie Clement, Deanna Conley

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Infant Mortality In Ohio, Isabella Bacon, Alexis Jackson

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Introduction: Infant mortality continues to occur at alarming rates that differ among various groups and states. Despite this, there has been a lack of intersectional examination of risk- and protective-factors. Methods: We examine how smoking status, education level, primary care to population ratio, teen birth rates, and urban vs rural status impact infant mortality rates in Ohio, Kentucky, Michigan, and Indiana using County Health Rankings data. Results: Ohio was shown to have no significant difference between urban and rural infant mortality rates; however,  risk-and-protective factors did differ. In urban counties, high school completion, teen birth rates, and primary care ratios …

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings In Obese Adolescents With Sleep Apnea, Timothy Kearney, Turaj Vazifedan, Cristina M. Baldassari

Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) Faculty Publications

Objective

Data regarding drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings in obese adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are lacking; such information could be used to direct and improve management as there is controversy whether adenotonsillectomy (AT) or positive airway pressure is standard therapy for this population. Our primary objective is to describe DISE findings in obese adolescents.

Study Design

Case-control.

Setting

Tertiary care children's hospital.

Methods

A 10-year retrospective review was conducted of obese adolescents 12 to 21 years old with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 1) that underwent DISE prior to AT. All DISE procedures were scored utilizing a modified …

Altered Natural Killer Cell Function In Children With Severe Malaria, Grace Turyasingura, Kagan A. Mellencamp, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Chandy C. John, Geoffrey T. Hart

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Memory-like natural killer (NK) cells with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) have correlated with protection from uncomplicated malaria in prior studies. However, the role of NK cells in severe malaria (SM) has not been characterized. In Ugandan sites with moderate and low malaria transmission, we evaluated NK cell (CD56bright, CD56dim, CD56neg) phenotype and ADCC function by flow cytometry in children < 5 years of age with SM (n = 21) and control community children (CC, n = 19). Children with SM had similar total NK cell counts to CC. Children with SM had a higher proportion of LILRB1+ NK cells than CC. The level of malaria transmission …

Comparative Evaluation Of R134a And Hfo‐1234ze Cryogen Spray Cooling Using A Mouse Model With Controllable Epidermal Pigmentation, Wangcun Jia, Yurie Jeong, Crystal Huynh, Oswald Lai, Emily Nguyen, Grant Swajian, Jade Niu, Ayana Kashikar, Joshua Khaw, Hong Pu, Bernard Choi, John August D'Orazio, J. Stuart Nelson, Bahman Anvari

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objectives: Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is critical for protecting the epidermis during laser dermatologic procedures. The widely used cryogen, R134a, has a high global warming potential (GWP), motivating interest in environmentally favorable alternatives such as HFO-1234ze. This study evaluated whether HFO-1234ze provides epidermal protection comparable to R134a during laser exposure and investigated the mechanistic basis underlying any differences in cooling performance.

Methods: Laser-induced epidermal injury in conjunction with two cryogens was assessed in K14-SCF Mc1r^e/e mice with pharmacologically controllable interfollicular epidermal pigmentation. Laser treatment sites were assigned fluences relative to baseline skin lightness (L*) to span subthreshold …

Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia In Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Analysis, Radhika Gupta, Nikhita Perry, Noelle Desir, Iain Encarnacion, Jonathan Miles, Susan Taylor, Michelle Oboite, Temitaya Ogunleye

Department Dermatology Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a scarring alopecia that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent.¹ It begins at the vertex scalp and expands centrifugally, and given that symptoms may be absent, many patients have scarring at presentation. CCCA is primarily described in adult populations, with limited reports of CCCA in children.²^-⁴ We aimed to characterize demographics, clinical findings, and histological features among pediatric patients with CCCA to facilitate earlier diagnoses, prior to irreversible alopecia.

Optimizing Kidney Allograft Years: Underutilization Of Pediatric Donors, Nicholas Herrera, Ana Cortez, Diane Cibrik, Bradley A. Warady

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background. 

The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) score drives kidney allocation in the United States for both adult and pediatric donors, despite the calculation being primarily derived from adult donor data. A KDPI of ≤20% is considered to have the longest graft survival potential and is typically prioritized for recipients who have a low Estimated Posttransplant Survival (EPTS) score. Using KDPI to assess pediatric donor quality may underestimate graft survival and result in underutilization of these kidneys for recipients with a low EPTS score.

Methods. 

Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, we analyzed 5-y posttransplant death-censored graft survival of …

Association Of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide With Ckd Progression In The Ckd In Children Study., Alexander Kula, David K. Prince, Joseph T. Flynn, Susan L. Furth, Bradley A. Warady, Tamara Isakova, Derek Ng, Jeese Seegmiller, Rob Christenson, Nisha Bansal

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Epilepsy, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with epilepsy.

Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with cystic fibrosis.

End Stage Renal Disease, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with end stage renal disease.

Anorexia-Bulimia, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with anorexia and bulimia.

Arfid, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder or ARFID.

Brain Tumors, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with brain tumors.

Congenital Heart Defects, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with congenital heart defects.

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Adem), Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM.

Sickle Cell Disease, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with sickle cell disease.

Osteosarcoma, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with osteosarcoma.

Multiple Sclerosis, Children's Health School Services

School Guides

Educator guide about how to support students with multiple sclerosis.

Reducing Respiratory Viral Testing In A Pediatric Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Anna Suessman

North Texas GME Research Forum 2026

Background: Respiratory viral testing in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) is frequently performed despite limited impact on clinical management for many low-risk presentations. Unnecessary testing increases cost and operational burden may delay patient throughput and can provide false reassurance to caregivers. Additionally, pediatric emergency department nurses agreed with overburden and impact to throughput based on overuse of viral testing (qualitative nursing survey conducted on September 4, 2024 showed >98% felt testing was unnecessary). We hypothesized that reducing testing through standardized team education and discharge processes would not negatively affect patient experience. This initiative aimed to decrease unnecessary respiratory viral testing during …

Nitrous Oxide Vs. Ketamine: Impacts On Pediatric Emergency Department Length Of Stay, Tabitha Brock, Anna Suessman

North Texas GME Research Forum 2026

Background Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a well-established analgesic and anxiolytic agent, widely used for procedural sedation in pediatric dentistry. Despite its demonstrated safety and efficacy, its use in Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) remains limited and underexplored. To address this gap, we implemented a comprehensive training program for PED providers and introduced N₂O as an alternative sedation agent.

Objective We hypothesized that using N₂O for procedural sedation would significantly reduce patient length of stay (LOS) without compromising safety or outcomes.

Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who underwent painful procedures in a tertiary children’s hospital emergency department. …

Stronger Together: A Resident-Led Initiative Advancing School Nurse Readiness In Pediatric Seizures And Pediatric Cardiology, Shana-Kay Lambert-Johnson, Amy Nguyen-Pham, Tony Do, Devika Adusumilli, Jorim Parmar, Dimitar Semerdzhiev, Elizabeth White, Joanna John, Myrna Garcia, Nicholas Gerden, Tasaduq Mir, Michele Mccarroll

North Texas GME Research Forum 2026

BACKGROUND: School nurses play a vital role in safeguarding the health and safety of children by serving as frontline providers within the school setting. Timely recognition and appropriate management of acute medical conditions can reduce morbidity, prevent unnecessary emergency department utilization, and improve long-term outcomes. Needs assessment surveys identified knowledge and confidence gaps among school nurses related to pediatric seizure management and pediatric cardiology.

METHODS: This prospective educational quality improvement initiative was conducted across the Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) region during the 2025-2026 academic year. Over 25 residents served as curriculum developers and educators, creating and delivering evidence- and case-based education …

The Use Of Human Milk Versus Formula Feeding To Decrease The Incidence Of Nec For Preterm Infants In The Nicu: An Integrative Research Review (Irr), Shelby Everard Larkins-Hutchins

Covenant Nurses Week 2026

No abstract provided.

Nurses' Perspectives On Caring For Critically Ill Children During A Measles Outbreak: A Case Report, Cara Everard Gallegos, Melissa Gale Robinson, Brittny Ayola, Lacey Kovar, Nicole Roehrig

Covenant Nurses Week 2026

No abstract provided.