Pediatrics Commons^™

Food Allergy Thresholds, Context, And Balance In 2025, Marcus S Shaker, Jason Sanders, Aikaterini Anagnostou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Food allergy impacts are far-reaching, across individuals, families, and societies, and affect both nutrition and psychological health. Understanding risk in context as well as thresholds of reactivity can help to improve food allergy management. These strategies can provide empowerment and improve quality of life. Food allergy thresholds and reaction severity can vary but both tend toward stability, at least in the short-term. An understanding of food allergen thresholds may better leverage active food allergy management as well as better tailor the most appropriate avoidance in selected individuals. Shared decision-making is central to operationalizing food allergen thresholds.

Low Vitamin D Levels In Patients With Symptoms Of Gastroparesis: Relationships With Nausea And Vomiting, Gastric Emptying And Gastric Myoelectrical Activity, Kenneth L Koch, Henry P Parkman, Katherine P Yates, Mark L Van Natta, Madhusudan Grover, Gianrico Farrugia, Thomas L Abell, Richard W Mccallum, Irene Sarosiek, Braden Kuo, Robert J Shulman, Laura Miriel, James Tonascia, Pankaj J Pasricha

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Patients with gastroparesis (Gp) often have diets deficient in calories, electrolytes, and vitamins. Vitamin D levels have been reported to be low in some patients with Gp but has not been systematically studied.

AIMS: To determine vitamin D levels and relationships among symptoms, gastric emptying and gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) in patients with symptoms of Gp.

METHODS: 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was measured in patients at enrollment in the Gastroparesis Clinical Consortium Registry. Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index (GCSI), gastric emptying, and GMA before and after water load satiety test (WLST) were measured. GMA, expressed as percentage distribution of activity in normal and …

Management Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis In Children: Does Early Insulin Glargine Help Improve Outcomes?, Rebecca Ohman-Hanson, G Todd Alonso, Laura Pyle, Ryan Mcdonough, Mark A. Clements

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Rebound hyperglycemia following the resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is common in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, increasing the risk of recurrent DKA and complicating the transition to subcutaneous insulin. Multiple studies suggest that early administration of long-acting insulin analogs during DKA management safely improves this transition.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether early insulin glargine administration in children with DKA prevents rebound hyperglycemia and recurrent ketosis without increasing the rate of hypoglycemia or hypokalemia.

METHODS: Patients agedChildren's Mercy Kansas City between October 2012 and October 2016 were reviewed. They were categorized as Early (>4 h …

Where Do Plastic Surgery Leaders Come From? A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Research Productivity, Megan M Rodriguez, Kylie R Swiekatowski, Robert C Tung, Matthew R Greives, David W Mathes, Phuong D Nguyen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: It is increasingly apparent that plastic surgery residency applications with lengthy research publications are the new standard in applicant competitiveness. This study aims to evaluate the research history of plastic surgery program faculty leadership to understand the trends and evolution of research expectations.

Methods: The curriculum vitaes of faculty involved in residency admissions among all US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited integrated and independent plastic surgery programs were reviewed. Doximity, program websites, and Scopus were used to gather information. H-index and publication count at the time of medical school and residency graduations were collected. Student t test and …

The Role Of The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex In Bilingual Language Switching And Non-Linguistic Task-Switching: Evidence From Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis, Kelly A Vaughn, Benjamin J Tamber-Rosenau, Arturo E Hernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Previous research suggests that bilingual language control requires domain-general cognitive control. Recent research suggests that exploration of individual differences is key for understanding the relationship between bilingual language control and cognitive control. The current study used multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to examine within-subject patterns of fMRI activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during bilingual language switching and non-linguistic task-switching. We hypothesized that bilinguals would have identifiable, within-subject patterns of DLPFC activity for both types of switching and that bilinguals and monolinguals would differ in patterns of DLPFC activity for task-switching. We were unable to identify patterns of DLPFC activity …

Knowledge Representation And Management: 2023 Highlights And The Rise Of Knowledge Graph Embeddings, Jean Charlet, Licong Cui, Section Editors For The Imia Yearbook Section On Knowledge Representation And Management

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: We aim to identify, select, and summarize the best papers published in 2023 for the Knowledge Representation and Management (KRM) section of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook.

Methods: We performed PubMed queries and adhered to the IMIA Yearbook guidelines for conducting biomedical informatics literature review to select the best papers in KRM published in 2023.

Results: Our search yielded a total of 1,666 publications from PubMed. From these, we identified 15 papers as potential candidates for the best papers, and three of them were finally selected as the best papers in the KRM section. The candidate best …

Diagnosis Of Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome In Children: Time For A Rethink?, Shivanthan Shanthikumar, William A Gower, Kenneth R Cooke, Anne Bergeron, Kirk R Schultz, Amisha Barochia, Maximiliano Tamae-Kakazu, Edward Charbek, Erin E Reardon, Charlotte Calvo, Alicia Casey, Pi Chun Cheng, Theresa S Cole, Stella M Davies, Shailendra Das, Alive De, Robin R Deterding, Deborah R Liptzin, Francoise Mechinaud, Jonathan H Rayment, Paul D Robinson, Roopa Siddaiah, Anne Stone, Saumini Srinivasin, Christopher T Towe, Gregory A Yanik, Narayan P Iyer, Samuel B Goldfarb

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is undertaken in children with the aim of curing a range of malignant and non-malignant conditions. Unfortunately, pulmonary complications, especially bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality post-HSCT. Currently criteria developed by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) working group are used to diagnose BOS in children post-HSCT.

Unfortunately, during the development of a recent American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clinical Practice Guideline on this topic, it became apparent that there is evidence demonstrating the NIH criteria have significant limitations in the pediatric population, leading to late diagnosis of BOS. Specific …

Long-Term Prospective Outcomes Of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy For Locally Advanced Lung Cancer: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, Stephen G Chun, Chen Hu, Ritsuko U Komaki, Robert D Timmerman, Steven E Schild, Jeffrey A Bogart, Michael C Dobelbower, Walter Bosch, Vivek S Kavadi, Samir Narayan, Puneeth Iyengar, Clifford Robinson, Jan Rothman, Adam Raben, Mark E Augspurger, Robert M Macrae, Rebecca Paulus, Jeffrey D Bradley

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: The optimal radiotherapy technique for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial, so evaluating long-term prospective outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is important.

Objective: To compare long-term prospective outcomes of patients receiving IMRT and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel for locally advanced NSCLC.

Design, setting, and participants: A secondary analysis of a prospective phase 3 randomized clinical trial NRG Oncology-RTOG 0617 assessed 483 patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT vs IMRT) for locally advanced NSCLC based on stratification.

Main outcomes and measures: Long-term outcomes were analyzed, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), time to local …

Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography: A Readily Available Tool For Neonatologists, Michelle H Lucena, Palanikumar Balasundaram, Shu-Wei Hsu, Diosely C Silveira, Orna Rosen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common condition occurring at birth, impairing central nervous system function. Therapeutic hypothermia is beneficial for suspected HIE as it reduces mortality and disability in survivors but not for other types of encephalopathy (e.g., metabolic). Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) complements limited resource Neonatal Intensive Care Units as a screening tool that can provide information regarding the degree of encephalopathy and electrographic seizures. Patients with HIE are at increased risk for seizures, which are subclinical in half of the cases. The aEEG emphasizes electroencephalographic amplitude differences, whereas continuous video electroencephalography (cEEG) provides a high-resolution picture of cerebral electrical …

Treatments And The Perspectives Of Developing A Vaccine For Chagas Disease, Priscila Silva Grijó Farani, Kathryn Marie Jones, Cristina Poveda

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Chagas disease (CD) treatment and vaccine development are critical due to the significant health burden caused by the disease, especially in Latin America. Current treatments include benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are most effective in the acute phase of the disease but less so in the chronic phase, often with significant side effects. Here, using the available literature, we summarize the progress in vaccine development and new treatments that promise to reduce CD incidence and improve the quality of life for those at risk, particularly in endemic regions. New treatment options, such as posaconazole and fexinidazole, are being explored to improve …

Pediatric Mental Health Emergency Department Visits From 2017 To 2022: A Multicenter Study, Jennifer A Hoffmann, Camille P Carter, Cody S Olsen, David Ashby, Kamali L Bouvay, Susan J Duffy, James M Chamberlain, Sofia S Chaudhary, Nicolaus W Glomb, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, Maya Haasz, Erin P O'Donnell, Mohsen Saidinejad, Bashar S Shihabuddin, Leah Tzimenatos, Neil G Uspal, Joseph J Zorc, Lawrence J Cook, Elizabeth R Alpern

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected children's mental health (MH) and changed patterns of MH emergency department (ED) utilization. Our objective was to assess how pediatric MH ED visits during the COVID-19 pandemic differed from expected prepandemic trends.

Methods: We retrospectively studied MH ED visits by children 5 to < 18 years old at nine U.S. hospitals participating in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry from 2017 to 2022. We described visit length by time period: prepandemic (January 2017-February 2020), early pandemic (March 2020-December 2020), midpandemic (2021), and late pandemic (2022). We estimated expected visit rates from prepandemic data using multivariable Poisson regression models. We calculated rate ratios (RRs) of observed to expected visits per 30 days during each pandemic time period, overall and by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Results: We identified 175,979 pediatric MH ED visits. Visit length exceeded 12 h for 7.3% prepandemic, 8.4% early pandemic, 15.0% midpandemic, and 19.2% late pandemic visits. During the early pandemic, observed visits per 30 days decreased relative to expected rates (RR 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.84), were similar to expected …

Anterior Solid Dual-Rod Instrumentation And Fusion For Flexible Thoracolumbar Or Lumbar Spinal Deformities In Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis., Mckenna C. Noe, Kenneth A. Furlough, Richard M. Schwend

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Anterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (ASIF) via a thoracolumbar approach has been used to treat Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis for decades. Advances in ASIF technique and instrumentation have yielded significant improvements in rates of instrumentation failure, need for reoperation, instrumented and adjacent segment kyphosis, and pseudarthrosis. Despite reports of ASIF's success using these strategies, a detailed technical description with illustrations of this procedure in the literature is lacking.

METHODS: We present a detailed illustrated surgical technique guide for anterior solid-rod instrumentation via a thoracoabdominal approach in the correction of a Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis deformity.

RESULTS: ASIF …

Can Anorectal Stenosis Be Managed With Dilations Alone? A Pcplc Review., Zoe M. Saenz, Kelly Austin, Jeffrey R. Avansino, Andrea Badillo, Casey M. Calkins, Megan M. Durham, Megan K. Fuller, Ankur Rana, Ron W. Reeder, Rebecca M. Rentea, Michael D. Rollins, K Elizabeth Speck, Richard J. Wood, Jamie C. Harris, Jamie Anderson, Maheen Hassan, Payam Saadai, Pediatric Colorectal And Pelvic Learning Consortium (Pcplc)

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

PURPOSE: Congenital anorectal stenosis is managed by dilations or operative repair. Recent studies now propose use of dilations as the primary treatment modality to potentially defer or eliminate the need for surgical repair. We aim to characterize the management and outcomes of these patients via a multi-institutional review using the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium (PCPLC) registry.

METHODS: A retrospective database review was performed using the PCPLC registry. The patients were evaluated for demographics, co-morbidities, diagnostic work-up, surgical intervention, current bowel management, and complications.

RESULTS: 64 patients with anal or rectal stenosis were identified (57 anal, 7 rectal) from …

Using A Collaborative Learning Health System Approach To Improve Disease Activity Outcomes In Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis In The Pediatric Rheumatology Care And Outcomes Improvement Network., Julia G. Harris, Catherine A. Bingham, Sheetal S. Vora, Cagri Yildirim-Toruner, Michelle Batthish, Danielle R. Bullock, Jon M. Burnham, Danielle C. Fair, Kerry Ferraro, Suhas Ganguli, Mileka Gilbert, Beth S. Gottlieb, Olha Halyabar, Melissa M. Hazen, Ronald M. Laxer, Tzielan C. Lee, Alice Liu, Daniel J. Lovell, Melissa L. Mannion, Edward J. Oberle, Nancy Pan, Michael Shishov, Jennifer E. Weiss, Esi M. Morgan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: The Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR-COIN) is a North American learning health network focused on improving outcomes of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). JIA is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to morbidity related to persistent joint and ocular inflammation. PR-COIN has a shared patient registry that tracks twenty quality measures including ten outcome measures of which six are related to disease activity. The network's global aim, set in 2021, was to increase the percent of patients with oligoarticular or polyarticular JIA that had an inactive or low disease activity state from 76% to …

Genomic Insights Into Pediatric Intestinal Inflammatory And Eosinophilic Disorders Using Single-Cell Rna-Sequencing., Marissa R. Keever-Keigher, Lisa Harvey, Veronica Williams, Carrie A Vyhlidal, Atif A Ahmed, Jeffrey J. Johnston, Daniel A. Louiselle, Elin Grundberg, Tomi Pastinen, Craig A. Friesen, Rachel Chevalier, Craig Smail, Valentina Shakhnovich

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tissues underlies gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, leading to tissue damage and a constellation of painful and debilitating symptoms. These disorders include inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), and eosinophilic disorders (eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic duodenitis). Gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders can often present with overlapping symptoms necessitating the use of invasive procedures to give an accurate diagnosis.

METHODS: This study used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eosinophilic duodenitis to better understand the alterations to the transcriptome of individuals with these diseases and identify potential markers of …

Intestinal Crypt Apoptosis As An Orchestrator Of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A New Mechanism?, Wei Yu, Aparna Venkatraman, Venkatesh Sampath

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Eculizumab For Management Of Hyperhemolysis Syndrome In Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Single-Center Case Series, Ajibike Lapite, Saleh Bhar, Titilope Fasipe

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Chronic hemolytic anemia and vascular occlusion are hallmarks of sickle cell disease (SCD). Blood transfusions are critical for supportive and preventive management of SCD complications. Patients with SCD are at risk for hyperhemolysis syndrome (HHS), a subtype of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. HHS management includes intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and avoidance of further transfusions. Not all patients respond to first-line agents. Eculizumab, which blocks terminal complement activation, has been proposed as second-line management of HHS. We describe two patients who received eculizumab for refractory HHS. In our experience, eculizumab is a safe and effective option for refractory pediatric HHS.

A Case Of Herpes Zoster In An Immunocompetent 19-Year-Old Female, Martin Nguyen, Jennifer Read, Emma Filary, Aaron Mcguffin

Marshall Journal of Medicine

This case report describes the unusual presentation of herpes zoster in a fully vaccinated teenage patient and highlights management considerations. The patient is a 19-year-old female who presented with pain in her left lower back, side, and upper thigh for approximately 3 days, which was then followed by the eruption of a vesicular rash along the L2 dermatome consistent with herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is predominantly observed only in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, primarily due to the widespread use of the varicella-zoster virus vaccine for children since 1995, when it became part of the routine immunization schedule. However, this case …

Management Of Multiple Infantile Hemangiomas In A Preterm Infant: A Clinical Case Report, Erin Reese, Wyatt Grimm, Aaron Mcguffin

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Infantile hemangiomas (IH), the most prevalent infantile tumor, are benign vascular tumors arising from proliferation and dysregulation of angiogenesis. Hemangiomas are present after birth and undergo 3 stages: proliferation, plateau, and involution. IH are further categorized into superficial, deep, and mixed based on skin and internal organ involvement. IH are clinically diagnosed, and treatment options include active observation, corticosteroids, beta-blockers, pingyangmycin, vincristine, or laser treatment. Complications of untreated IH include ulceration, airway obstruction, and visual obstruction at sites of enlarging lesions. While most cases are benign, there are associated complications prompting a thorough investigation and proper management. Understanding a hemangioma …

Navigating Nutrition Challenges In The Cicu: Ecmo, Vad & Malnutrition For Complex Infant & Pediatric Patients, Mona Kasik

2024

No abstract provided.

Discharge Planning & Nutrition Monitoring For Single-Ventricle Patients During The Interstage Period, Sarah Dundas, Brooke Kealey

2024

No abstract provided.

Potential Targeting Mechanisms For Bone-Directed Therapies, Betul Celik, Andrés Leal, Shunji Tomatsu

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Bone development is characterized by complex regulation mechanisms, including signal transduction and transcription factor-related pathways, glycobiological processes, cellular interactions, transportation mechanisms, and, importantly, chemical formation resulting from hydroxyapatite. Any abnormal regulation in the bone development processes causes skeletal system-related problems. To some extent, the avascularity of cartilage and bone makes drug delivery more challenging than that of soft tissues. Recent studies have implemented many novel bone-targeting approaches to overcome drawbacks. However, none of these strategies fully corrects skeletal dysfunction, particularly in growth plate-related ones. Although direct recombinant enzymes (e.g., Vimizim for Morquio, Cerezyme for Gaucher, Elaprase for Hunter, Mepsevii for …

Metal Pneumonitis From “Non-Toxic” Decorative Cake Dust Aspiration: A Case Report, Taylor Sanders, Mitchell Hymowitz, Christine Murphy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Metallic luster dusts are decorative agents for cakes and other confections. While some powders are labeled “non-edible,” they are also marketed as “non-toxic.” We present a case of a child who developed acute metal pneumonitis after accidental aspiration of metallic luster dust. Case Report: A four-year-old presented to the emergency department (ED) in respiratory distress after attempting to ingest gold decorative metallic luster dust. In the ED she was placed on supplemental oxygen. Her initial chest radiograph (CXR) was unremarkable. Her condition worsened despite high-flow nasal cannula oxygen, and she was intubated. A repeat CXR revealed patchy perihilar and …

Dna Methylation Patterns In Umbilical Cord Blood From Infants Of Methadone Maintained Opioid Dependent Mothers, Oluwatobi Adegboyega, Suhita Gayen Nee' Betal, Pedro Urday, Rachel Huang, Katherine Bodycot, Huda Al-Kouatly, Kolawole Solarin, Joanna Chan, Sankar Addya, Rupsa Boelig, Zubair Aghai

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependent mothers is standard of care. Infants of methadone maintained opioid dependent (MMOD) mothers have better outcomes compared to infants of opioid dependent mothers without treatment. However, when compared to non-exposed infants, infants of MMOD mothers are associated with worse outcomes. We conducted a pilot study to examine genome wide differential DNA methylation using cord blood samples from sixteen term and near-term infants of MMOD and opioid naïve mothers, excluding Infants with chorioamnionitis. A total of 152 differentially methylated loci were identified at a difference >  + 2, < - 2 and p-value < 0.05. There were 90 hypermethylated loci (59 annotated genes) and 62 hypomethylated loci (38 annotated genes) observed. The hypermethylated and hypomethylated DNA changes involved multiple genes, pathways and networks that may explain some of the changes seen in infants of MMOD mothers. Top hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes involved areas of cell growth, neurodevelopment, vision and xenobiotic metabolism functions. Our data may explain the role of key pathways and genes relevant to neonatal outcomes seen from methadone exposure in pregnancy. Functional studies on the identified pathways and genes could lead to improved understanding of the mechanisms and identify areas for intervention.

Systemic Arterial Function After Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19, Ketaki Mukhopadhyay, Marla S. Johnston, James S. Krulisky, Shengping Yang, Thomas R. Kimball

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new disease entity occurring in the pediatric population two to six weeks after coronavirus exposure due to a systemic arteritis. We investigated post-hospital-discharge arterial function at short- and mid-term intervals using pulse wave velocity. We assessed associations between arterial function, left ventricular diastolic and systolic function and left ventricular mass. Materials and methods: Retrospective data collection was carried out on 28 patients with MIS-C with at least two outpatient pediatric cardiology clinic visits post hospital admission. The patients underwent assessment of systemic arterial function and cardiac function. Data included pulse wave …

Trends Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections Among Thai Pediatric Patients, Pintip Suchartlikitwong, Nopphon Wuthinantiwong, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Noppadol Wacharachaisurapol, Jiratchaya Sophonphan, Tanittha Chatsuwan, Thanyawee Puthanakit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background While reductions in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been reported, vancomycin prescription rates have remained high.

Objectives We aimed to update trends in pediatric prevalence and antibiotic susceptibilities of MRSA infections.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study in patients aged S. aureus infections during 2016-2022 at a Thai tertiary-care hospital. MRSA was defined when resistant to cefoxitin or oxacillin MIC of >4 µg/mL. Patients with MRSA infections and their first isolates were classified into HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA based on surveillance definitions. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested using the VITEK 2XL automated system and disk diffusion. The annual prevalence of …

How To Teach Your Children Not To Bully, Maggie Mckay, Ram Chettiar

Parent-ish Podcast

We all think the best of our kids, but that doesn't mean that at some point, they may exhibit some bullying behaviors. Dr. Ram Chettiar discusses why this happens, how to teach your kids to not be bullies, and how to react if you find out they've bullied a classmate or friend.

Click here to stream the podcast episode.

Vaccine Value Profile For Hookworm, Karl Philipp Puchner, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Victoria Periago, Martin Grobusch, Rick Maizels, James Mccarthy, Bruce Lee, Erika Gaspari, David Diemert, Peter Hotez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hookworm, a parasitic infection, retains a considerable burden of disease, affecting the most underprivileged segments of the general population in endemic countries and remains one of the leading causes of mild to severe anemia in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), particularly in pregnancy and children under 5. Despite repeated large scale Preventive Chemotherapy (PC) interventions since more than 3 decades, there is broad consensus among scholars that elimination targets set in the newly launched NTD roadmap will require additional tools and interventions. Development of a vaccine could constitute a promising expansion of the existing arsenal against hookworm. Therefore, we …

A Light-Responsive Neural Circuit Suppresses Feeding, Hailan Liu, Na Qu, Natalia Valdez Gonzalez, Marco A Palma, Huamin Chen, Jiani Xiong, Abhinav Choubey, Yongxiang Li, Xin Li, Meng Yu, Hesong Liu, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Na Yin, Kristine Marie Conde, Mengjie Wang, Jonathan Carter Bean, Junying Han, Nikolas Anthony Scarcelli, Yongjie Yang, Kenji Saito, Huxing Cui, Qingchun Tong, Zheng Sun, Chunmei Wang, Xing Cai, Li Lu, Yang He, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Light plays an essential role in a variety of physiological processes, including vision, mood, and glucose homeostasis. However, the intricate relationship between light and an animal's feeding behavior has remained elusive. Here, we found that light exposure suppresses food intake, whereas darkness amplifies it in male mice. Interestingly, this phenomenon extends its reach to diurnal male Nile grass rats and healthy humans. We further show that lateral habenula (LHb) neurons in mice respond to light exposure, which in turn activates 5-HT neurons in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN). Activation of the LHb→5-HTDRN circuit in mice blunts darkness-induced hyperphagia, while inhibition …

Tailored Approach To Participant Recruitment And Retention To Maximize Health Equity In Pediatric Cancer Research., Carolyn R. Bates, Renee M. Gilbert, Kelsey Dean, Keith August, Christie A. Befort, Shallyn Ward, Mary Gibson, Meredith Dreyer

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Lack of diversity in participants throughout the research process limits the generalizability of findings and may contribute to health disparities. There are unique challenges to recruitment of families to pediatric cancer research studies, especially for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the most effective recruitment and retention strategies to optimize equitable recruitment of diverse participants.

METHODS: The present study adapted and implemented methods outlined previously in the literature. These previous efforts were developed to address barriers to pediatric research, behavioral health intervention research and research with Black adolescents. Recruitment and retention strategies are described …