Pathology | Open Access Articles | Digital Commons Network™

The Conscientious Autopsy., A. K. Williamson

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Practical Guidance For Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, C. L. Charlton, E. Babady, C. C. Ginocchio, T. F. Hatchette, R. C. Jerris, Y. Li, M. Loeffelholz, Y. S. Mccarter, M. B. Miller, S. J. Drews, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Cecal Perforation In The Setting Of Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Seema Jain, Weston Betrner, Dane Olevian, Dhiraj Yadav

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Campylobacter infection is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, yet life-threatening complications are extremely rare. We present a 32-year-old previously healthy man who presented with dysentery from Campylobacter jejuni, which was complicated by cecal perforation and secondary bacterial peritonitis.

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Systemic P-Anca Vasculitis With Fatal Outcome, Arising In The Setting Of Methimazole Use., S. Hacking, N. N. Uppal, N. Khan, M. Ionescu, V. Bijol

Journal Articles

Here we report a fatal case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) due to methimazole use in a 64-year-old woman. She was initially hospitalized for abdominal pain and possible colitis, and subsequently developed hematuria, renal failure, and hemoptysis. The serologic work-up revealed positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) and perinuclear-antineutrophilic cytoplasm antibodies (p-ANCA), with positive antimyeloperoxidase. Three weeks following admission, the patient was found to be pulseless, and expired. At autopsy, microscopic review included widespread transmural necrotizing vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis in the kidney, and diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage; focal coronary artery intimal vasculitis and necrotizing pericarditis were also noted. Several …

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A Comparison Of Daxx (Death Domain Associated Protein 6) In Different Endometrial Carcinoma Histotypes, C. Jin, S. Hacking, M. K. Komforti, M. Nasim

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Determinant Roles Of Dendritic Cell-Expressed Notch Delta-Like And Jagged Ligands On Anti-Tumor T Cell Immunity, Elena E. Tchekneva, Mounika U.L. Goruganthu, Roman V. Uzhachenko, Portia L. Thomas, Anneliese Antonucci, Irina Chekneva, Michael Koenig, Longzhu Piao, Anwari Akhter, Maria Teresa P. De Anquino, Parvathi Ranganathan, Nicholas Long, Thomas Magliery, Anna Valujskikh, Jason V. Evans, Rajeswara R. Arasada, Pierre P. Massion, David P. Carbone, Anil Shanker, Mikhail M. Dikov

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Notch intercellular communication instructs tissue-specific T-cell development and function. In this study, we explored the roles of dendritic cell (DC)-expressed Notch ligands in the regulation of T-cell effector function. Methods: We generated mice with CD11c lineage-specific deletion of Notch Delta-like ligand (Dll)1 and Jagged (Jag)2. Using these genetically-ablated mice and engineered pharmacological Notch ligand constructs, the roles of various Delta-like and Jagged ligands in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immunity were investigated. We assessed tumor growth, mouse survival, cytokine production, immunophenotyping of myeloid and lymphoid populations infiltrating the tumors, expression of checkpoint molecules and T-cell function in the experimental settings …

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Comparison Of The Panther Fusion And Bd Max Gbs Assays For Detection Of Group B Streptococcus In Prenatal Screening Specimens., G. J. Berry, F. Zhang, R. Manji, S. Juretschko

Journal Articles

Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the cause of early and late-onset GBS disease in neonates and can present as septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia. Our objective was to compare the performance of two FDA-approved nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), the Panther Fusion and BD MAX™ systems, for detection of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in vaginal-rectal screening specimens. A total of 510 vaginal-rectal prepartum specimens were tested simultaneously in both NAATs following broth enrichment. Assay agreement was calculated using the kappa statistics. Overall agreement between assays was 99.0% (505/510; 95% CI: 0.951 to 0.997; kappa = 0.974). Discordant results …

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Primary Follicular Lymphoma Of The Bladder Mimicking Inflammatory Condition: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, N. Haghi, X. Zhang, J. Kreshover

Journal Articles

© 2019 The Authors Primary lymphoma of the bladder is rare and may present with nonspecific symptoms and infection. Primary follicular lymphoma of the bladder is extremely rare with only a dozen reported cases. We present one case clinically mimicking an inflammatory process. A 79 year-old woman presents with recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence and frequency. Cystoscopic examination demonstrated a raised but flat lesion, suspicious for inflammatory lesion. Biopsy revealed a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, grade 1–2. The presentation of primary follicular lymphoma of the bladder may be nonspecific, therefore it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients …

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Familial Inheritance Of The 3q29 Microdeletion Syndrome: Case Report And Review, W. A. Khan, N. Cohen, S. A. Scott, E. M. Pereira

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Performance Evaluation Of The Luminex Aries® C. Difficile Assay In Comparison To Two Other Molecular Assays Within A Multi-Hospital Health Care Center., S. Juretschko, R. Manji, R. Khare, S. Das, S. Dunbar

Journal Articles

Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) remain a serious issue in the U.S. Both fast and accurate diagnosis of CDI is paramount to achieve immediate infection control initiation, triaging and isolation, as well as appropriate antibiotic treatment. However, both, over- and under-diagnosis can lead to adverse patient outcomes, such as unnecessary administration of antibiotics or unwanted spread of spores in any hospital setting, respectively. In this prospective study, we evaluated the FDA-cleared ARIES® C. difficile Assay and compared its performance and workflow characteristics to the BD MAX Cdiff and Xpert C.difficile/Epi assays. Out of 302 samples tested, 55 (18.2%) samples were positive, …

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Identification Of Extracellular Dna-Binding Proteins In The Biofilm Matrix., Jeffrey S. Kavanaugh, Caralyn E. Flack, Jessica Lister, Erica B. Ricker, Carolyn B. Ibberson, Christian Jenul, Derek E. Moormeier, Elizabeth A. Delmain, Kenneth W. Bayles, Alexander R. Horswill

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

We developed a new approach that couples Southwestern blotting and mass spectrometry to discover proteins that bind extracellular DNA (eDNA) in bacterial biofilms. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a model pathogen, we identified proteins with known DNA-binding activity and uncovered a series of lipoproteins with previously unrecognized DNA-binding activity. We demonstrated that expression of these lipoproteins results in an eDNA-dependent biofilm enhancement. Additionally, we found that while deletion of lipoproteins had a minimal impact on biofilm accumulation, these lipoprotein mutations increased biofilm porosity, suggesting that lipoproteins and their associated interactions contribute to biofilm structure. For one of the lipoproteins, SaeP, we …

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Reanalysis Of The Nccn Pd-L1 Companion Diagnostic Assay Study For Lung Cancer In The Context Of Pd-L1 Expression Findings In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, David L. Rimm, Gang Han, Janis M. Taube, Eunhee S. Yi, Julia A. Bridge, Douglas B. Flieder, Robert Homer, Anja C. Roden, Fred R. Hirsch, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Lajos Pusztai

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

The companion diagnostic test for checkpoint inhibitor immune therapy is an immunohistochemical test for PD-L1. The test has been shown to be reproducible for expression in tumor cells, but not in immune cells. Immune cells were used in the IMpassion130 trial which showed PD-L1 expression was associated with a better outcome. Two large studies have been done assessing immune cell PD-L1 expression in lung cancer. Here, we reanalyze one of those studies, to show that, even with an easier scoring method, there is still only poor agreement between assays and pathologist for immune cell PD-L1 expression.

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Observations Of Shear Stress Effects On Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Formation, Erica Sherman, Kenneth W. Bayles, Derek E. Moormeier, Jennifer L. Endres, Timothy Wei

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria form biofilms and distinctive microcolony or "tower" structures that facilitate their ability to tolerate antibiotic treatment and to spread within the human body. The formation of microcolonies, which break off, get carried downstream, and serve to initiate biofilms in other parts of the body, is of particular interest here. It is known that flow conditions play a role in the development, dispersion, and propagation of biofilms in general. The influence of flow on microcolony formation and, ultimately, what factors lead to microcolony development are, however, not well understood. The hypothesis being examined is that microcolony structures form …

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Urease Is An Essential Component Of The Acid Response Network Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Is Required For A Persistent Murine Kidney Infection, Chunyi Zhou, Fatema Bhinderwala, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Vinai Chittezham Thomas, Sujata S. Chaudhari, Kelsey J. Yamada, Kirk W. Foster, Robert Powers, Tammy Kielian, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus causes acute and chronic infections resulting in significant morbidity. Urease, an enzyme that generates NH3 and CO2 from urea, is key to pH homeostasis in bacterial pathogens under acidic stress and nitrogen limitation. However, the function of urease in S. aureus niche colonization and nitrogen metabolism has not been extensively studied. We discovered that urease is essential for pH homeostasis and viability in urea-rich environments under weak acid stress. The regulation of urease transcription by CcpA, Agr, and CodY was identified in this study, implying a complex network that controls urease expression in response to changes in metabolic …

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Acceptability And Adequacy Of Vaginal Self Sampling For Hpv Dna Testing In Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Attending A Tertiary Hospital Clinics In Nairobi Kenya, Sagal Omar Salad

Master of Medicine in Anatomic Pathology

Background: Cervical cancer is a main concern of women’s health globally. In Kenya, Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women and the leading causes of cancer related deaths. Several screening methods exist including cytology, human papilloma virus DNA test and visual inspection with Acetic Acid or Lugol’s Iodine (VIA/VILI). The current screening rate uptake in Kenya is poor, HPV DNA self-sampling may have a role in increasing the screening uptake as many studies have shown that self-sampling for HPV DNA testing is acceptable, though some others favoured over self-sampling. This study aims to assess whether vaginal HPV …

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Most Cancers Are Caused By Bad Luck Mutations: Scientific Explanation?, Shahid Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Dynamics Of Two Pathogens In A Single Tick Population, Alexis White, Elsa Schaefer, Chelsea Wright-Thompson, Christopher M. Kribs, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A mathematical model for a two-pathogen, one-tick, one-host system is presented and explored. The goal of this model is to determine how long an invading pathogen persists within a tick population in which a resident pathogen is already established. The numerical simulations of the model demonstrate the parameter ranges that allow for coexistence of the two pathogens. Sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of vector-borne, tick-to-host, transmission rates on the invasion reproductive number and persistence of the pathogens over time. The model is then applied to a case study based on a reclaimed swampland field site in southeastern Virginia using field …

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Protease-Mediated Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus On Host Proteins Is Opp3 Dependent, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Austin S. Nuxoll, Kelsey J. Yamada, Tammy Kielian, Steven D. Carson, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus has the ability to cause infections in multiple organ systems, suggesting an ability to rapidly adapt to changing carbon and nitrogen sources. Although there is little information about the nutrients available at specific sites of infection, a mature skin abscess has been characterized as glucose depleted, indicating that peptides and free amino acids are an important source of nutrients for the bacteria. Our studies have found that mutations in enzymes necessary for growth on amino acids, including pyruvate carboxykinase (ΔpckA) and glutamate dehydrogenase (ΔgudB), reduced the ability of the bacteria to proliferate within a …

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Regulating Medicolegal Death Investigations, Antoinette Vicks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Medicolegal death investigators (MDIs) are a crucial part of the death investigation process but the profession remains unregulated and lacks a required accreditation or licensing process that many other professions use. Research shows the current medicolegal death investigations system, though a crucial government function, has existing deficits in its functionality that affect service delivery. The current study was based on an educational theory and utilized open ended survey questions. Data from 16 investigators was collected through surveys where relevant information was asked in the context of their situation and questions were specific to the phenomenon being studied. The data was …

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The Role Of P62/Imp2 In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression, Mengtao Xing

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The family of insulin- like growth factor 2 mRNA binding proteins (IMPs) contains three members: IMP1, p62/IMP2 and IMP3. All these proteins are oncofetal proteins, expressed during embryogenesis and lost in most tissues in adults. However, p62/IMP2 were found overexpressed in various cancers but its function in carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. Our previous studies found that p62/IMP2 was not only overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, but also overexpressed in HCC cell lines. To explore the biological roles of p62/IMP2 in HCC progression, p62/IMP2 was knockout in two p62/IMP2 positive HCC cell lines (SNU449, HepG2). Due to the low …

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Common Alternative Diagnoses Among A Pediatric Hospital-Based Cohort Evaluated For Tuberculosis In Karachi, Pakistan: The Need For Facilitated Referral In Tuberculosis Clinics, Sadia Shakoor, Fatima Mir, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Children evaluated for tuberculosis (TB) are often diagnosed with miscellaneous conditions that mimic TB. Knowledge of differentials informs policy on service provision through liaison with referral centers offering definitive diagnosis and treatment for common alternative disorders.
Methods: We reviewed medical records of children who were offered diagnostic testing for TB (culture or Xpert MTB/RIF) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan to identify common alternative diagnoses among children who are evaluated for TB.
Results: From January 2014 to December 2015, of 126 culture or Xpert MTB/RIF negative children presenting with chronic symptoms, 31 were diagnosed and treated for …

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Evaluating The Effects Of Antibody-Conjugated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes In Combination With Microwave Irradiation, Amy Chall

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Cancer remains one of the largest public health concerns of our day, particularly in developed countries where technological advances have allowed populations to live well into their eighth decade. In America, those in their 80’s have a 1 in 2 chance of developing cancer in their lifetime. Prostate cancer, specifically is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males. Traditional cancer therapies cause high levels of toxicity to the patient due to mechanisms of action that often attack cancer cells and healthy cells alike. The holy grail of cancer research is to find a treatment that targets the cancer …

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Value Of Dedicated Research Time For Imgs In Obtaining Surgical Residency Training Positions: A 10-Year Review Of Applicants From A Medical College In Pakistan, Mohammad Raheel Jajja, Marvi Tariq, Salila Shoaib Hashmi, Thomas F. Dodson, Rashida Ahmed

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: International Medical Graduates (IMGs) secured greater than 10% of all general surgery (GS) residency positions in the US during the past decade. The Match process remains competitive, with a significant number of IMGs performing dedicated research before residency application. The impact of such research remains largely unknown. We aimed to provide an objective analysis of the impact of dedicated research time on obtaining a categorical GS residency position.
Design: Data for National Resident Matching Program Match results from 2008-2017 was compiled from annual Match lists of the Aga Khan University, Medical College (Karachi, Pakistan). Medical graduates provided this information …

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Incidentally Found Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma In A Therapeutic Orchiectomy Specimen, Zeeshan Uddin, Muhammad Bilal, Mohammad Ayaz Khan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Metastatic tumour involving the testis is a rare event. Incidental discovery of metastatic cancer in a therapeutic orchiectomy is even rarer. We report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma prostate found incidentally in one of the bilateral therapeutic orchiectomy specimens. The patient was a 55-year-old man presenting with back ache and generalized body aches. Clinical examination showed malignant feel of prostate. Bone scan revealed metastatic disease and a serum PSA level of >100 ng/ml. Clinical diagnosis of carcinoma prostate was established and subsequent bilateral orchiectomy for hormonal deprivation was performed. On gross examination of left testis, there was a small 0.7 …

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Assessing Nutritional Status Of Critically Ill Patients Using Serum Prealbumin Levels, Khushbakht Arbab, Hafsa Majid, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib, Ahmed Raheem, Bushra Jamil, Bushra Akram, Madiha Hashmi

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients, contributes to poor outcomes. Biomarker serum prealbumin, can prevent the complications by commencement of nutritional support to improve clinical outcomes. This study was designed to assess the association between low serum prealbumin level (<18 mg/dl), with length of stay and all cause intensive care unit mortality.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to July 2017 at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan. All consecutive patients, aged between 18 to 70 years, admitted in medical or surgical intensive care unit were included. Demographic, clinical history and blood samples for analysing serum prealbumin were obtained on first day of admission. Patients were categorized into two groups …

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Blended Learning Mediated Fostering Of Students’ Engagement In An Undergraduate Medical Education Module, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Salman Siddiqi, Najmul Islam, Faraz Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: The study investigated students’ perception of introducing blended learning strategies to engage and motivate them towards lecture halls and Problem Based Learning (PBL) sessions for improving the quality of the overall students’ learning experience.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Medical College involving a total of one hundred four (104) year II medical students for the Endocrine and Reproduction module in the academic year 2018. This module ran for six weeks. Modiﬁcations in teaching methods were made for this module introduced after approval from Endocrine & Reproduction module, year II and curriculum committees. Written …

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Seroepidemiology Of Parechovirus A3 Neutralizing Antibodies, Australia, The Netherlands, And United States, Eveliina Karelehto, Lieke Brouwer, Kimberley Benschop, Jen Kok, Kerri Basile, Brendan Mcmullan, William Rawlinson, Julian Druce, Suellen Nicholson, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J. Harrison, Kamani Lankachandra, Hetty Van Eijk, Gerrit Koen, Menno De Jong, Dasja Pajkrt, Katja C. Wolthers

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

© 2018, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. Recent parechovirus A3 (PeV-A3) outbreaks in Australia suggest lower population immunity compared with regions that have endemic PeV-A3 circulation. A serosurvey among populations in the Netherlands, the United States, and Australia before and after the 2013 Australia outbreak showed high PeV-A3 neutralizing antibody prevalence across all regions and time periods, indicating widespread circulation.

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Full-Text Articles in Pathology

The Conscientious Autopsy., A. K. Williamson

Journal Articles

Practical Guidance For Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, C. L. Charlton, E. Babady, C. C. Ginocchio, T. F. Hatchette, R. C. Jerris, Y. Li, M. Loeffelholz, Y. S. Mccarter, M. B. Miller, S. J. Drews, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Cecal Perforation In The Setting Of Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Seema Jain, Weston Betrner, Dane Olevian, Dhiraj Yadav

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Systemic P-Anca Vasculitis With Fatal Outcome, Arising In The Setting Of Methimazole Use., S. Hacking, N. N. Uppal, N. Khan, M. Ionescu, V. Bijol

Journal Articles

A Comparison Of Daxx (Death Domain Associated Protein 6) In Different Endometrial Carcinoma Histotypes, C. Jin, S. Hacking, M. K. Komforti, M. Nasim

Journal Articles

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Comparison Of The Panther Fusion And Bd Max Gbs Assays For Detection Of Group B Streptococcus In Prenatal Screening Specimens., G. J. Berry, F. Zhang, R. Manji, S. Juretschko

Journal Articles

Primary Follicular Lymphoma Of The Bladder Mimicking Inflammatory Condition: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, N. Haghi, X. Zhang, J. Kreshover

Journal Articles

Familial Inheritance Of The 3q29 Microdeletion Syndrome: Case Report And Review, W. A. Khan, N. Cohen, S. A. Scott, E. M. Pereira

Journal Articles

Performance Evaluation Of The Luminex Aries® C. Difficile Assay In Comparison To Two Other Molecular Assays Within A Multi-Hospital Health Care Center., S. Juretschko, R. Manji, R. Khare, S. Das, S. Dunbar

Journal Articles

Identification Of Extracellular Dna-Binding Proteins In The Biofilm Matrix., Jeffrey S. Kavanaugh, Caralyn E. Flack, Jessica Lister, Erica B. Ricker, Carolyn B. Ibberson, Christian Jenul, Derek E. Moormeier, Elizabeth A. Delmain, Kenneth W. Bayles, Alexander R. Horswill

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Observations Of Shear Stress Effects On Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Formation, Erica Sherman, Kenneth W. Bayles, Derek E. Moormeier, Jennifer L. Endres, Timothy Wei

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Acceptability And Adequacy Of Vaginal Self Sampling For Hpv Dna Testing In Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Attending A Tertiary Hospital Clinics In Nairobi Kenya, Sagal Omar Salad

Master of Medicine in Anatomic Pathology

Most Cancers Are Caused By Bad Luck Mutations: Scientific Explanation?, Shahid Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Dynamics Of Two Pathogens In A Single Tick Population, Alexis White, Elsa Schaefer, Chelsea Wright-Thompson, Christopher M. Kribs, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Protease-Mediated Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus On Host Proteins Is Opp3 Dependent, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Austin S. Nuxoll, Kelsey J. Yamada, Tammy Kielian, Steven D. Carson, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Regulating Medicolegal Death Investigations, Antoinette Vicks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Role Of P62/Imp2 In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression, Mengtao Xing

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Common Alternative Diagnoses Among A Pediatric Hospital-Based Cohort Evaluated For Tuberculosis In Karachi, Pakistan: The Need For Facilitated Referral In Tuberculosis Clinics, Sadia Shakoor, Fatima Mir, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Evaluating The Effects Of Antibody-Conjugated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes In Combination With Microwave Irradiation, Amy Chall

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Value Of Dedicated Research Time For Imgs In Obtaining Surgical Residency Training Positions: A 10-Year Review Of Applicants From A Medical College In Pakistan, Mohammad Raheel Jajja, Marvi Tariq, Salila Shoaib Hashmi, Thomas F. Dodson, Rashida Ahmed

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Incidentally Found Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma In A Therapeutic Orchiectomy Specimen, Zeeshan Uddin, Muhammad Bilal, Mohammad Ayaz Khan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Assessing Nutritional Status Of Critically Ill Patients Using Serum Prealbumin Levels, Khushbakht Arbab, Hafsa Majid, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib, Ahmed Raheem, Bushra Jamil, Bushra Akram, Madiha Hashmi

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Blended Learning Mediated Fostering Of Students’ Engagement In An Undergraduate Medical Education Module, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Salman Siddiqi, Najmul Islam, Faraz Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers