Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons^™

Effect Of Body Mass Index On Outcome Of Labour Induction, Farheen Yousuf, Tahira Naru, Sana Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

The retrospective study to explore the adverse effect of obesity on pregnancy and labour was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, and comprised data of all patients booked between 12-14 weeks and required induction of labour from January 1 to December 31, 2012. Women were grouped into two body mass index categories: normal weight (23 kg/m2). Obesity increased the risk of development of gestational hypertension and diabetes. Therefore obese women were more likely to be induced due to medical indication whether primiparous or multiparous adjusted odds ratio =2.89(95% confidence interval 1.29-6.48) and 2.77 (95% confidence interval 1.07-7.19) respectively. …

Effect Of Metformin On Body Mass Index In Adolescent Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Alissa Briggs, Mandakini Sadhir, Maya Todd, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, irregular menstrual periods and pelvic pain. Treatment involves hormonal methods for regulation of menstrual cycle, lifestyle changes and metformin for improving insulin resistance and weight. The aim of our study was to compare changes in body mass index (BMI) of adolescent female with PCOS treated with metformin as compared to lifestyle modification only. Participants: Adolescent and young adult females aged I0-25 years diagnosed with PCOS seen for at least two visits for at least one year on the same treatment. Based on treatment plan, participants were categorized as metformin …

25(Oh)D3 And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Female Nonhuman Primates., Matthew J Jorgensen, Lawrence L Rudel, Matthew Nudy, Jay R Kaplan, Thomas B Clarkson, Nicholas M Pajewski, Peter F Schnatz

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

OBJECTIVE: To determine if interindividual differences in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D(3)) have pathophysiologic significance, we evaluated a cohort of female monkeys, seeking to identify associations with clinically relevant cardiovascular risk factors, including age, abdominal obesity (waist circumference), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

METHODS: One hundred fifty-five female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) aged 3-25 years consumed a typical western diet for 7-8 weeks that provided a woman's equivalent of approximately 1000 IU/day of vitamin D(3). Measurements of vitamin D(3) and HDL-C concentrations, as well as waist circumference, were obtained.

RESULTS: Among young monkeys (aged 3-5 years), compared to …

Analysis Of The Uk Recommendations On Obesity Based On A Proposed Implementation Framework, Amudha S. Poobalan, Lorna S. Aucott, Sheraz Ahmed, W. Cairns S. Smith

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: There is considerable expertise in the obesity field in identifying, appraising, and synthesising evidence to develop guidelines and recommendations for policy and practice. The recommendations, while based on evidence, are not formulated in a way that readily leads to implementation. This paper analyses the recent UK recommendations on obesity using a proposed implementation framework. Methods: Two bibliographic databases (Medline and Embase) and various health related and government websites were systematically searched for obesity recommendations published between 1996 and 2007. All the documents published on recommendations for either prevention or treatment of obesity in the UK were assessed. A proposed …

Enhanced Estrogen-Induced Proliferation In Obese Rat Endometrium, Qian Zhang, Qi Shen, Joseph Celestino, Michael R Milam, Shannon N Westin, Robin A Lacour, Larissa A Meyer, Gregory L Shipley, Peter J A Davies, Lei Deng, Adrienne S Mccampbell, Russell R Broaddus, Karen H Lu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that the proliferative estrogen effect on the endometrium is enhanced in obese vs lean animals.

STUDY DESIGN: Using Zucker fa/fa obese rats and lean control, we examined endometrial cell proliferation and the expression patterns of certain estrogen-regulated proproliferative and antiproliferative genes after short-term treatment with estradiol.

RESULTS: No significant morphologic/histologic difference was seen between the obese rats and the lean rats. Estrogen-induced proproliferative genes cyclin A and c-Myc messenger RNA expression were significantly higher in the endometrium of obese rats compared with those of the lean control. Expression of the antiproliferative gene p27Kip1 was suppressed …

Concepts Of Contraception For Adolescents With Obesity: Pathways Of Judicial Moderation, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar, Artemis Tsitsika

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

All sexually active youth, whether obese or normal weight, should be offered counseling regarding contraception and appropriate contraceptive methods. However, obese youth who are sexually active may be less likely than their normal weight peers to use contraceptives correctly. Methods of contraception for obese adolescents are reviewed in this discussion. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and the contraceptive patch have higher failure rates in obese versus normal weight females, though failure rates are lower than noted with barrier contraceptives. The risk for venous thrombosis is higher in obese youth on COCs. Progestin-only pills and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system appear to be …

Clinical, Biochemical And Ultrasonographic Features Of Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Fauzia Haq, Omar Aftab, Javed Rizvi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical, biochemical and ultrasonic features of infertile women with PCOS from the two infertility centers of Karachi, The Aga Khan University Hospital and Concept Fertility Centre.
Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: The Aga Khan University Hospital, and Concept Fertility Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2003 till December 2004.
Patients and Methods: Patients attending the Infertility Clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and Concept Fertility Centre, Karachi, were evaluated for their clinical features. Complete biochemical evaluation was performed by day 2 FSH, LH, serum prolactin, serum testosterone and fasting …

Obesity As A Risk Factor For Preeclampsia: Role Of Inflammation And The Innate Immune System, Tanvi Jayendra Shah

Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is a known risk factor for preeclampsia, but the reason for this risk is unknown. We sought to demonstrate how obese individuals are predisposed to preeclampsia by mechanisms involving inflammation and the innate immune system. First, we used immunohistochemical studies to identify neutrophil infiltration, NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression in vascular tissue of obese women. We then demonstrated similar neutrophil infiltration and vascular inflammation in preeclamptic women.We used in vitro experiments to test if neutrophils and their products, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) can activate NF-κB and cause expression of its inflammatory products, COX-2, thromboxane …

Uwomj Volume 73, No. 1, 2004, Western University

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal

Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry

The Relationship Between Diet, Activity, And Other Factors, And Postpartum Weight Change By Race, Debra J. Boardley, Roger G. Sargent, Ann L. Coker, James R. Hussey, Patricia A. Sharpe

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: To identify the impact of dietary intake and activity level on postpartum weight change.

Methods: White (n = 121) and black (n = 224) women, 7-12 months postpartum, participating in the Special Supplemental Feeding Program for Women, Infants, and Children were assessed for dietary intake, activity level, body weight, and other maternal characteristics.

Results: For both black and white women, the most important variables in predicting postpartum weight loss were pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, parity, and prenatal exercise. After these factors were controlled, race predicted that black women retained 6.4 lb more than white women. These results may …