Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons^™

Prevention Of Ovarian And Endometrial Cancer By Combined Oral Contraceptives: A Demographics Study, Joanna S. Heywood

CMC Senior Theses

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer with 54,870 cases occurring in the United States in 2015 and causing 10,170 deaths, an 18.5% mortality rate (Elit and Reade, 2015). Ovarian cancer, while less common, is much more fatal. In 2015 in the United States, 21,290 cases occurred and resulted in 14,180 deaths, a 66.6% mortality rate. This mortality rate makes ovarian cancer the fifth most deadly cancer for women in the United States, which is largely explained by ineffective screening strategies and limited treatment possibilities (Cramer, 2012). Thus, developing effective prevention strategies is especially important to saving the lives …

Antenatal Corticosteroids For Women At Risk Of Imminent Preterm Birth In Low-Resource Countries: The Case For Equipoise And The Need For Efficacy Trials, Joshua P. Vogel, Olufemi T. Oladapo, Cynthia Pileggi-Castro, Ebunoluwa A. Adejuyigbe, Fernando Althabe, Shabina Ariff, Adejumoke Idowu Ayede, Abdullah H. Baqui, Anthony Costello, Davy M. Chikamata, Caroline Crowther, Bukola Fawole, Luz Gibbons, Alan H. Jobe, Monica Lulu Kapasa, John Kinuthia, Alka Kriplani, Oluwafemi Kuti, James Neilson, Janna Patterson, Gilda Piaggio, Rahat Qureshi, Zahida Qureshi, Mari Jeeva Sankar, Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, Marleen Temmerman, Khalid Yunis, Rajiv Bahl, A. Metin Gülmezoglu

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

The scientific basis for antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) for women at risk of preterm birth has rapidly changed in recent years. Two landmark trials—the Antenatal Corticosteroid Trial and the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial—have challenged the long-held assumptions on the comparative health benefits and harms regarding the use of ACS for preterm birth across all levels of care and contexts, including resource-limited settings. Researchers, clinicians, programme managers, policymakers and donors working in low-income and middle-income countries now face challenging questions of whether, where and how ACS can be used to optimise outcomes for both women and preterm newborns.

In this article, …

Effects Of Injectable Progestogen Contraception Versus The Copper Intrauterine Device On Hiv Acquisition: Sub-Study Of A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial, G. Justus Hofmeyr, Mandisa Singata-Madliki, Theresa A. Lawrie, Eduardo Bergel, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Evidence from observational studies suggests an increased risk of HIV acquisition among women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraception.

Methods: Within the context of a South African programme to increase women's access to the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), we conducted a pragmatic, open-label, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the IUD versus injectable progestogen contraception (IPC) at two South African hospitals. The primary outcome was pregnancy; secondary outcomes included HIV acquisition. Consenting women attending termination of pregnancy services were randomised after pregnancy termination between July 2009 and November 2012. Condoms were promoted for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. …

Use Of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid, Pap Smear, Or High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing In Women Living With Hiv/Aids For Posttreatment Cervical Cancer Screening Same Tests, Different Priorities, Elkanah Omenge, Tao Liu, Astrid Christoffersen-Deb, Peter Itsura, John Oguda, Sierra Washington, David Chumba, Latha Pisharodi, Susan Cu-Uvin, Anne F. Rositch

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: Few studies have addressed optimal follow-up for HIV-infected women after cervical treatment. This study aimed to compare performance of three available tests to detect posttreatment cervical disease in HIV-infected women in Kenya.

Design: This is a prospective cohort study.

Methods: At least 6 months following cryotherapy, 517 HIV-infected women were evaluated concurrently with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), papanicolaou (Pap) smear, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing. Women positive by any test (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion for Pap) were scheduled for colposcopy and biopsy. Among 248 with histological confirmation [and 174 assumed to be truly negative for …

Induction Of Labor In Women Of Advanced Maternal Age., Joanne Quiñones Md, Msce, Grazelda Kwakye-Ackah, Abbey Burger, Gregory Kainz, Guillermo De La Vega Md

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Maternity Healthcare Employees Professional Development On Pregnant Teen Health, Patricia.Kelley Kelley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Knowledge gaps exist related to the care and education of pregnant teens. This project study addressed the problem of an inadequate amount of professional development (PD) and training for healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for pregnant teens at a maternity clinic in the Southeastern United States. Unless HCPs are appropriately trained, the ability to meet the needs of pregnant teens is deficient and negative health outcomes for these patients are likely to be exacerbated. The humanistic learning theory was used in this phenomenological exploratory study to explore perception of 9 HCPs who had the responsibility for patient teaching, clinical care, and …

Implementation And Evaluation Of Code Stroke In Emergency Department For Maternity Patients, Linda Catherine Castillo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Strokes are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, influenced by the physiologic changes in pregnancy and the trend of older and sicker women becoming pregnant. Despite the role of stroke in pregnant women, emergency departments in specialized maternity hospitals may not be as experienced in stroke recognition and care as are typical emergency departments. The purpose of this project was to create a protocol to facilitate rapid assessment and treatment of pregnant and postpartum women with symptoms of stroke in a maternity emergency department. The IOWA model of evidence-based practice to promote quality care guided a …

Fmic Annual Report 2017 | English, French Medical Institute For Mothers And Children

French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC) Archives

No abstract provided.

Improving Case Ascertainment Of Congenital Anomalies: Findings From A Prospective Birth Cohort With Detailed Primary Care Record Linkage, Chrissy Bishop, Neil Small, Dan Mason, Peter Corry, Roger C. Parslow, Alan H. Bittles, Eamonn Sheridan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a common cause of infant death and disability. We linked children from a large birth cohort to a routine primary care database to detect CA diagnoses from birth to age 5 years. There could be evidence of underreporting by CA registries as they estimate that only 2% of CA registrations occur after age 1 year.

Methods

CA cases were identified by linking children from a prospective birth cohort to primary care records. CAs were classified according to the European Surveillance of CA guidelines. We calculated rates of CAs by using a bodily system group for …

The Role Of Social Networks In Breastfeeding Duration, Jordyn T. Wallenborn

Theses and Dissertations

Background: The United States has one of the lowest rates of breastfeeding in the world. Studies hypothesize that inadequate social support from healthcare providers, family members, and employers may have contributed to the low breastfeeding rate. This study aims to: 1) examine the importance of each individual (father, maternal grandmother, paternal grandmother, obstetrician, and pediatrician) within the social support network on breastfeeding initiation and duration, 2) determine the relationship between type of prenatal care provider and time to breastfeeding cessation, and 3) examine the role of breastfeeding intention and confidence as mediators in the association between workplace support and breastfeeding …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Unintended Pregnancies Amongst Women Attending Antenatal Clinics In Pakistan, Atif Habib, Camille Raynes- Greenow, Sidrah Nausheen, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Muhammad Sajid, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Kirsten I Black

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Unintended pregnancies are a global public health concern and contribute significantly to adverse maternal and neonatal health, social and economic outcomes and increase the risks of maternal deaths and neonatal mortality. In countries like Pakistan where data for the unintended pregnancies is scarce, studies are required to estimate its accurate prevalence and predictors using more specific tools such as the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancies (LMUP).
Methods: We conducted a hospital based cross sectional survey in two tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. We used a pre tested structured questionnaire to collect the data on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive …

Role Of Mhealth Applications For Improving Antenatal And Postnatal Care In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Anam Shahil Feroz, Shagufta Perveen, Wafa Aftab

Community Health Sciences

Background: From 1990 to 2015, the number of maternal deaths globally has dropped by 43%. Despite this, progress in attaining MDG 5 is not remarkable in LMICs. Only 52% of pregnant women in LMICs obtain WHO recommended minimum of four antenatal consultations and the coverage of postnatal care is relatively poor. In recent years, the increased cellphone penetration has brought the potential for mHealth to improve preventive maternal healthcare services. The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of mHealth solutions on a range of maternal health outcomes by categorizing the interventions according to the types of mHealth …

Unintended Pregnancies Among Married Women In Sindh Pakistan: Role Of Lady Health Workers, Sumera Aziz Ali, Unaib Rabbani

Community Health Sciences

Background: Unintended pregnancies, which pose substantial risks to both mothers and children, account for 24% of all pregnancies in Pakistan. Door to door visits and service provision by lady health workers (LHWs) may be related to the reduction of such pregnancies, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to determine the association of knowledge about Lady Health Visitors (LHWs) and door to door visits by LHWs with unintended pregnancies among rural women.
Methods: We conducted a community-based, nested case-control study of 800 pregnant women, identified from the database of an active surveillance mechanism, which registers and follows all pregnant women …

Can Right To Health Help Policy Makers To Address Maternal Mortality?: A Short Communication, Sumera Aziz Ali, Nadir Suhail, Savera Aziz Ali

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.