Neurology Commons^™

Alterations In Brain Morphometric Networks And Their Relationship With Memory Dysfunction In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Rye Young Kim, Yoonji Joo, Eunji Ha, Haejin Hong, Chaewon Suh, Youngeun Shim, Hyeonji Lee, Yejin Kim, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Sujung Yoon, In Kyoon Lyoo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cognitive dysfunction, a significant complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can potentially manifest even from the early stages of the disease. Despite evidence of global brain atrophy and related cognitive dysfunction in early-stage T2DM patients, specific regions vulnerable to these changes have not yet been identified. The study enrolled patients with T2DM of less than five years’ duration and without chronic complications (T2DM group, n=100) and demographically similar healthy controls (control group, n=50). High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data were subjected to independent component analysis to identify structurally significant components indicative of morphometric networks. Within these networks, the groups’ …

Interaction Of High-Fat Diet And Brain Trauma Alters Adipose Tissue Macrophages And Brain Microglia Associated With Exacerbated Cognitive Dysfunction, Rebecca J Henry, James P Barrett, Maria Vaida, Niaz Z Khan, Oleg Makarevich, Rodney M Ritzel, Alan I Faden, Bogdan A Stoica

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity increases the morbidity and mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Detailed analyses of transcriptomic changes in the brain and adipose tissue were performed to elucidate the interactive effects between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and TBI. Adult male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks prior to experimental TBI and continuing after injury. High-throughput transcriptomic analysis using Nanostring panels of the total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cellular components in the brain, followed by unsupervised clustering, principal component analysis, and IPA pathway analysis were used to determine shifts in gene expression patterns and molecular pathway activity. Cellular …

Differentiating Epileptic And Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures Using Machine Learning Analysis Of Eeg Plot Images, Steven Fussner, Aidan Boyne, Albert Han, Lauren A Nakhleh, Zulfi Haneef

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The treatment of epilepsy, the second most common chronic neurological disorder, is often complicated by the failure of patients to respond to medication. Treatment failure with anti-seizure medications is often due to the presence of non-epileptic seizures. Distinguishing non-epileptic from epileptic seizures requires an expensive and time-consuming analysis of electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded in an epilepsy monitoring unit. Machine learning algorithms have been used to detect seizures from EEG, typically using EEG waveform analysis. We employed an alternative approach, using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning using MobileNetV2 to emulate the real-world visual analysis of EEG images by epileptologists. …

Evaluating Nurses’ Turnover Intention And Organizational Commitment Following Stroke Unit Staffing Changes: An Evidence-Based Quality Initiative, Heather M. Tatusko Phiri

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Nurses are known to be overworked, overwhelmed, undervalued, and understaffed at dangerous levels throughout various inpatient hospital units across the United States (U.S.). Hospital registered nurse (RN) turnover is a significant issue that has accelerated since the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in economic impacts and other burdens for organizations, individuals, and communities. Evidence suggests that evaluating Registered Nurses’ Turnover intention (NTI) and Organizational Commitment (OC) can help maintain a ready and capable team of skilled RNs; however, most healthcare organizations (HCOs) do not collect or analyze NTI and OC data and focus on staffing numbers and monetary incentives to get adequate …

Examining The Effect Of Genes On Depression As Mediated By Smoking And Modified By Sex, Kirsten Voorhies, Julian Hecker, Sanghun Lee, Georg Hahn, Dmitry Prokopenko, Merry-Lynn Mcdonald, Alexander C Wu, Ann Wu, John E Hokanson, Michael H Cho, Christoph Lange, Karin F Hoth, Sharon M Lutz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Depression is heritable, differs by sex, and has environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoking. However, the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on depression through cigarette smoking and the role of sex is unclear. In order to examine the association of SNPs with depression and smoking in the UK Biobank with replication in the COPDGene study, we used counterfactual-based mediation analysis to test the indirect or mediated effect of SNPs on broad depression through the log of pack-years of cigarette smoking, adjusting for age, sex, current smoking status, and genetic ancestry (via principal components). In secondary analyses, we adjusted …

Mapping Of Alzheimer’S Disease Related Data Elements And The Nih Common Data Elements, Xubing Hao, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Fengbo Zheng, Paul E Schulz, The Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Licong Cui

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a devastating disease that destroys memory and other cognitive functions. There has been an increasing research effort to prevent and treat AD. In the US, two major data sharing resources for AD research are the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); Additionally, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Data Elements (CDE) Repository has been developed to facilitate data sharing and improve the interoperability among data sets in various disease research areas.

Method

To better understand how AD-related data elements in these resources are interoperable with each other, we …

Hippocampus Diffusivity Abnormalities In Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia, Shaun Andrew Hanycz, Alborz Noorani, Peter Shih-Ping Hung, Matthew R. Walker, Ashley B. Zhang, Timur H. Latypov, Mojgan Hodaie

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic pain frequently report cognitive symptoms that affect memory and attention, which are functions attributed to the hippocampus. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by paroxysmal attacks of unilateral orofacial pain. Given the stereotypical nature of TN pain and lack of negative symptoms including sensory loss, TN provides a unique model to investigate the hippocampal implications of chronic pain. Recent evidence demonstrated that TN is associated with macrostructural hippocampal abnormalities indicated by reduced subfield volumes; however, there is a paucity in our understanding of hippocampal microstructural abnormalities associated with TN.

OBJECTIVES: To explore …

Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma With H3 P.K28m (K27m) Mutation: Unusual Non-Midline Presentation Of Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27m-Altered?, Kliment Donev, Vanitha Sundararajan, Derek Johnson, Jagadheshwar Balan, Meagan Chambers, Vera A Paulson, Kathryn P Scherpelz, Zied Abdullaev, Martha Quezado, Patrick J Cimino, Drew Pratt, Ediel Valerio, João Vıctor Alves De Castro, Dirce Maria Carraro, Giovana Tardin Torrezan, Beatriz Martins Wolff, Leslie Domenici Kulikowski, Felipe D'Almeida Costa, Kenneth Aldape, Cristiane M Ida

Neuroscience Articles

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG-H3 K27) is an aggressive group of diffuse gliomas that predominantly occurs in pediatric patients, involves midline structures, and displays loss of H3 p.K28me3 (K27me3) expression by immunohistochemistry and characteristic genetic/epigenetic profile. Rare examples of a diffuse glioma with an H3 p.K28M (K27M) mutation and without involvement of the midline structures, so-called "diffuse hemispheric glioma with H3 p.K28M (K27M) mutation" (DHG-H3 K27), have been reported. Herein, we describe 2 additional cases of radiologically confirmed DHG-H3 K27 and summarize previously reported cases. We performed histological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and DNA methylation analysis and provided clinical follow-up in …

Linear And Nonlinear Behaviors Of The Photoreceptor Coupled Network, Ji-Jie Pang, Xiaolong Jiang, Samuel M Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Photoreceptors are electrically coupled to one another, and the spatiotemporal properties of electrical synapses in a two-dimensional retinal network are still not well studied, because of the limitation of the single electrode or pair recording techniques which do not allow simultaneously measuring responses of multiple photoreceptors at various locations in the retina. A multiple electrode recording system is needed. In this study, we investigate the network properties of the two-dimensional rod coupled array of the salamander retina (both sexes were used) by using the newly available multiple patch electrode system that allows simultaneous recordings from up to eight cells and …

Translation And Validation Of The Health Literacy Score-14 Questionnaire For Vietnamese Patients With Diabetes, Khoa Tuan Vo, Khue Thy Nguyen, Hirohide Yokokawa, Aya Goto, Toshio Naito

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction:

Health literacy (HL) is a crucial indicator for health promotion and diabetes care improvement, but the available measurements are mostly in English. This study aimed to translate and validate the 14-item Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14) questionnaire from English to Vietnamese for patients with diabetes in Vietnam.

Methods:

We translated HLS-14 into Vietnamese in accordance with the World Health Organization guidelines and conducted a cross-sectional survey among 571 outpatients with type 2 diabetes using the HLS-14 Vietnamese version (HLS-14 VN). The reliability and validity of the tool were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), and …

Multicenter Us Clinical Experience With The Scepter Mini Balloon Catheter, Mohamed M Salem, Paz Kelmer, Georgios S Sioutas, Sophie Ostmeier, Alex Hoang, Gustavo Cortez, Kareem El Naamani, Rawad Abbas, Ricardo Hanel, Omar Tanweer, Visish M Srinivasan, Pascal Jabbour, Peter Kan, Brian T Jankowitz, Jeremy J Heit, Jan-Karl Burkhardt

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Distal navigability and imprecise delivery of embolic agents are two limitations encountered during liquid embolization of cerebrospinal lesions. The dual-lumen Scepter Mini balloon (SMB) microcatheter was introduced to overcome these conventional microcatheters' limitations with few small single-center reports suggesting favorable results.

METHODS: A series of consecutive patients undergoing SMB-assisted endovascular embolization were extracted from prospectively maintained registries in seven North-American centers (November 2019 to September 2022).

RESULTS: Fifty-four patients undergoing 55 embolization procedures utilizing SMB were included (median age 58.5; 48.1% females). Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula embolization was the most common indication (54.5%) followed by cranial arteriovenous malformation (27.3%). …

Miniature Battery-Free Epidural Cortical Stimulators, Joshua E Woods, Amanda L Singer, Fatima Alrashdan, Wendy Tan, Chunfeng Tan, Sunil A Sheth, Sameer A Sheth, Jacob T Robinson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Miniaturized neuromodulation systems could improve the safety and reduce the invasiveness of bioelectronic neuromodulation. However, as implantable bioelectronic devices are made smaller, it becomes difficult to store enough power for long-term operation in batteries. Here, we present a battery-free epidural cortical stimulator that is only 9 millimeters in width yet can safely receive enough wireless power using magnetoelectric antennas to deliver 14.5-volt stimulation bursts, which enables it to stimulate cortical activity on-demand through the dura. The device has digitally programmable stimulation output and centimeter-scale alignment tolerances when powered by an external transmitter. We demonstrate that this device has enough power …

Virtual Reality Navigational Abnormalities In Patients With Bilateral Vestibular Loss, Kathryn Mozzochi, Maimuna Ahmad, Susan King, Anissa Boutabla, Alexander Panic, Faisal Karmali, Divya Chari, Richard Lewis

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Computational Methods In Cardiovascular Medicine: A Narrative Review, Salvatore Facciorusso, Stefania Spina, Alessandro Picelli, Alessio Baricich, Gerard E Francisco, Franco Molteni, Jörg Wissel, Andrea Santamato

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a key therapeutic agent for the management of spasticity. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of research concerning BoNT-A treatment of spasticity to elucidate current trends and future directions in this research area. A search was conducted in the Web of Science database for articles focused on the use of BoNT-A in spasticity published between 2000 and 2022. We extracted various metrics, including counts of publications and contributions from different countries, institutions, authors, and journals. Analytical methods in CiteSpace were employed for the examination of co-citations, collaborations, and the co-occurrence …

Prognostic Significance Of Central Skull Base Remodeling In Chiari Ii Malformation, John T Freiling, Nilesh K Desai, Stephen F Kralik, William E Whitehead, Thierry A G M Huisman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and purpose: Outward convexity of the basiocciput and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane are common in patients with Chiari II malformation associated with an open neural tube defect. We aimed to determine if the severity of these findings correlated with the need for future hydrocephalus treatment.

Materials and methods: A retrospective chart and imaging review identified patients who underwent open neural tube defect repair at a quaternary care pediatric hospital from July 2014 through September 2022. Patients were classified by the need for hydrocephalus treatment and whether they received prenatal or postnatal neural tube defect repair. Measurements of imaging parameters related …

The Feigned Annoyance And Frustration Test To Activate The Sympathoadrenal Medullary System, Ted W. Gehrig Iii, Lee S. Berk, Robert I. Dudley, Jo A. Smith, Lida Gharibvand, Everett B. Lohman Iii

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

When perceived as threatening, social interactions have been shown to trigger the sympathoadrenal medullary system as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in a physiologic stress response. The allostatic load placed on human health and physiology in the context of acute and chronic stress can have profound health consequences. The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for a lab-based stress stimulus using social-evaluative threat. While several valid, stress-stimulating protocols exist, we sought to develop one that triggered a physiologic response, did not require significant lab resources, and could be completed in around 10 min. We included 53 …

Human Brain Glycoform Coregulation Network And Glycan Modification Alterations In Alzheimer's Disease, Qi Zhang, Cheng Ma, Lih-Shen Chin, Sheng Pan, Lian Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite the importance of protein glycosylation to brain health, current knowledge of glycosylated proteoforms or glycoforms in human brain and their alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is limited. Here, we report a proteome-wide glycoform profiling study of human AD and control brains using intact glycopeptide-based quantitative glycoproteomics coupled with systems biology. Our study identified more than 10,000 human brain N-glycoforms from nearly 1200 glycoproteins and uncovered disease signatures of altered glycoforms and glycan modifications, including reduced sialylation and N-glycan branching and elongation as well as elevated mannosylation and N-glycan truncation in AD. Network analyses revealed a higher-order organization of brain …

Bi-Directional Neuro-Immune Dysfunction After Chronic Experimental Brain Injury, Rodney M Ritzel, Yun Li, Yun Jiao, Sarah J Doran, Niaz Khan, Rebecca J Henry, Kavitha Brunner, David J Loane, Alan I Faden, Gregory L Szeto, Junfang Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

It is well established that traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and chronic alterations in systemic immune function and that systemic immune changes contribute to posttraumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. However, how TBI affects bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells chronically and to what extent such changes may negatively impact innate immunity and neurological function has not been examined.

Methods

To further understand the role of BM cell derivatives on TBI outcome, we generated BM chimeric mice by transplanting BM from chronically injured or sham (i.e., 90 days post-surgery) congenic donor mice into otherwise healthy, age-matched, irradiated CD45.2 C57BL/6 (WT) …

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension After Abrupt Cessation Of Medication: A Case Report Of Abrupt Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (Glp-1) Receptor Agonist Cessation And Review Of The Literature, Brittany Heckel

Department of Jefferson Headache Center Papers and Presentations

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is two-fold: (1) to discuss a case report of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) after abrupt cessation of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with resultant rapid weight gain and (2) to review the literature regarding the potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of IIH as well as potential pitfalls.

RECENT FINDINGS: GLP-1 receptor agonists have become widely used to treat obesity. Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of IIH, though the precise pathophysiology is unclear. GLP-1 receptor agonists may help treat IIH by promoting weight loss, …

Dysexecutive Difficulty And Subtle Everyday Functional Disabilities: The Digital Trail Making Test, David J Libon, Rod Swenson, Sean Tobyne, Ali Jannati, Daniel Schulman, Catherine C Price, Melissa Lamar, Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Digital neuropsychological tests reliably capture real-time, process-based behavior that traditional paper/pencil tests cannot detect, enabling earlier detection of neurodegenerative illness. We assessed relations between informant-based subtle and mild functional decline and process-based features extracted from the digital Trail Making Test-Part B (dTMT-B).

METHODS: A total of 321 community-dwelling participants (56.0% female) were assessed with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and the dTMT-B. Three FAQ groups were constructed: FAQ = 0 (unimpaired); FAQ = 1-4 (subtle impairment); FAQ = 5-8 (mild impairment).

Results: Compared to the FAQ-unimpaired group, other groups required longer pauses inside target circles (p < 0.050) and produced more total pen strokes to complete the test (p < 0.016). FAQ-subtle participants required more time to complete the entire test (p …