Neurology Commons^™

Cognitive And Neural Consequences Of Memory Suppression In Major Depressive Disorder, M. D. Sacchet, Benjamin Levy, J. P. Hamilton, A. Maksimovskiy, P. T. Hertel, J. Joormann, Michael C. Anderson, A. D. Wagner, I. H. Gotlib

Psychology

Negative biases in cognition have been documented consistently in major depressive disorder (MDD), including difficulties in the ability to control the processing of negative material. Although negative information-processing biases have been studied using both behavioral and neuroimaging paradigms, relatively little research has been conducted examining the difficulties of depressed persons with inhibiting the retrieval of negative information from long-term memory. In this study, we used the think/no-think paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the cognitive and neural consequences of memory suppression in individuals diagnosed with depression and in healthy controls. The participants showed typical behavioral forgetting effects, but …

The Role Of Osteopontin And Its Gene On Glucocorticoid Response In Myasthenia Gravis., Yanchen Xie, Hai-Feng Li, Liang Sun, Linda L Kusner, Shuhui Wang, Yunxiao Meng, Xu Zhang, Yu Hong, Xiang Gao, Yao Li, Henry J Kaminski

Neurology Faculty Publications

Biomarkers that assess treatment response for patients with the autoimmune disorder, myasthenia gravis (MG), have not been evaluated to a significant extent. We hypothesized the pro-inflammatory cytokine, osteopontin (OPN), may be associated with variability of response to glucocorticoids (GCs) in patients with MG. A cohort of 250 MG patients treated with standardized protocol of GCs was recruited, and plasma OPN and polymorphisms of its gene, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), were evaluated. Mean OPN levels were higher in patients compared to healthy controls. Carriers of rs11728697*T allele (allele definition: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene) were more …

Distinct Neural Bases Of Disruptive Behavior And Autism Symptom Severity In Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder., Y.J. Daniel Yang, Denis G Sukhodolsky, Jiedi Lei, Eran Dayan, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Pamela Ventola

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Disruptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important clinical problem, but its neural basis remains poorly understood. The current research aims to better understand the neural underpinnings of disruptive behavior in ASD, while addressing whether the neural basis is shared with or separable from that of core ASD symptoms.

METHODS: Participants consisted of 48 male children and adolescents: 31 ASD (7 had high disruptive behavior) and 17 typically developing (TD) controls, well-matched on sex, age, and IQ. For ASD participants, autism symptom severity, disruptive behavior, anxiety symptoms, and ADHD symptoms were measured. All participants were scanned while …

Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction And Blood-Brain Barrier Hyperpermeability Contribute To Schizophrenia Neurobiology: A Theoretical Integration Of Clinical And Experimental Evidence, S. Najjar, S. Pahlajani, V. De Sanctis, J. N.H. Stern, A. Najjar, D. Chong

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Abnormal Glycosylation In Joubert Syndrome Type 10., Megan S Kane, Mariska Davids, Michelle R Bond, Christopher J Adams, Megan E Grout, Ian G Phelps, Gilbert Vezina, +Several Additional Authors

Neurology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The discovery of disease pathogenesis requires systematic agnostic screening of multiple homeostatic processes that may become deregulated. We illustrate this principle in the evaluation and diagnosis of a 5-year-old boy with Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10). He carried the OFD1 mutation p.Gln886Lysfs*2 (NM_003611.2: c.2656del) and manifested features of Joubert syndrome.

METHODS: We integrated exome sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analyses of plasma and cultured dermal fibroblasts glycomes, and full clinical evaluation of the proband. Analyses of cilia formation and lectin staining were performed by immunofluorescence. Measurement of cellular nucleotide sugar levels was performed with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric …

Hemiataxia: A Novel Presentation Of Anti-Nmda Receptor Antibody Mediated Encephalitis In An Adolescent., Greg D Phillips, Gillian N Jones, Maureen Callaghan, Marc P Difazio

Neurology Faculty Publications

Anti-NMDA receptor antibody associated encephalitis as a cause of new-onset neuropsychiatric manifestations in children and adults can represent a significant diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Clinical signs often include encephalopathy, new-onset psychosis, and movement phenomenon. Although orofacial dyskinesias were initially identified as a characteristic movement phenomenon in this type of encephalitis, an expanded range of abnormalities has recently been reported, including isolated ataxia. We report a case of isolated hemiataxia in a young adult with mild initial psychiatric manifestations. A personal and family history of preceding neuropsychiatric symptoms produced diagnostic confusion and resulted in a significant diagnostic and therapeutic delay. Our …

Neurosurgery Concepts: Key Perspectives On Imaging Characteristics Of Spinal Metastases, Surgery For Low Back Pain, Anesthesia For Disc Surgery, And Laminectomy Versus Laminectomy And Fusion For Lumbar Spondylolisthesis., Carlito Lagman, Lawrance K Chung, Luke Macyszyn, Winward Choy, Zachary A Smith, Nader S Dahdaleh, Angela M Bohnen, Jin M Cho, Chaim B Colen, Edward Duckworth, Anand V Germanwala, Peter Kan, Alexander A Khalessi, Chae-Yong Kim, Sandi Lam, Gordon Li, Michael Lim, Jonathan H Sherman, Vincent Y Wang, Gabriel Zada, Isaac Yang

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors State Of The Science: Leveraging Clinical And Biological Insights Into Effective Therapies., Aerang Kim, Douglas R Stewart, Karlyne M Reilly, David Viskochil, Markku M Miettinen, Brigitte C Widemann

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. In 2002, an MPNST consensus statement reviewed the current knowledge and provided guidance for the diagnosis and management of MPNST. Although the improvement in clinical outcome has not changed, substantial progress has been made in understanding the natural history and biology of MPNST through imaging and genomic advances since 2002. Genetically engineered mouse models that develop MPNST spontaneously have greatly facilitated preclinical evaluation of novel drugs for translation into clinical trials led by consortia efforts. Continued work in identifying alterations that contribute …

Standing On The Shoulders Of Previous Neuroscience Research, Michael W. Miller

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

The author briefly discusses the field of neuroscience research, including what challenges modern-day researchers face.

Neurobehavioral Function In Adults Recovering Consciousness After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review, Jennifer Weaver, Ann Guernon, Trudy Mallinson, Theresa Louise-Bender Pape, Thomas Harrod

Clinical Research and Leadership Faculty Posters and Presentations

This scoping review aims to report the findings of current literature examining the assessment of neurobehavioral function and recovery along the continuum of disorders of consciousness (DOC) from coma to full consciousness.

•This study is designed to capture the range of constructs researchers have used to measure NBF during recovery of consciousness.

•The research question for this review was: “What constructs are most frequently used to assess neurobehavioral function in adults recovering consciousness after severe TBI?”

Unmasking Of Myoclonus By Lacosamide In Generalized Epilepsy, Daniel Birnbaum, Mohamad Z. Koubeissi

Neurology Faculty Publications

Lacosamide is a new-generation antiseizure medication that is approved for use as an adjunctive treatment and monotherapy in focal epilepsy. Its use in generalized epilepsy, however, has not been adequately evaluated in controlled trials. We report a 67-year-old woman who experienced new-onset myoclonic seizures after initiation of lacosamide. We presume that she had an undiagnosed generalized epilepsy syndrome, likely juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Myoclonic seizures were not reported before introducing lacosamide and completely resolved after lacosamide was discontinued. This suggests that lacosamide may have the potential to worsen myoclonus, similar to what has been reported with another sodium channel agent, lamotrigine, …

Neurosurgery Concepts: Key Perspectives On Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Resection For Pituitary Adenomas, Surgical Decision-Making In Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas, Optic Nerve Mobilization During Resection Of Craniopharyngiomas, And Evaluation Of Headache And Quality Of Life After Endoscopic Transphenoidal Surgery For Pituitary Adenomas, Anand Germanwala, Ryan Hofler, Carlito Lagman, Lawrence Chang, Alexander Khaleesi, Jonathan H. Sherman, +Several Additional Authors

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Neurorobotics In Pakistan, Ather Enam, Muhammad Waqas

Section of Neurosurgery

No abstract provided.

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Tavns): Development, Safety, Parametric Optimization, And Neurophysiological Effects, Bashar W. Badran

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cervically implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a FDA-approved treatment for epilepsy and major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, VNS is a reemerging area of interest, showing promise in numerous animal studies with significant translatable applications. The cost, surgical risk, and human translation difficulty makes noninvasive VNS a highly-desired alternative. We have developed a transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) system that electrically stimulates the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN). We aimed to answer the following questions in this body of work: 1) whether taVNS is safe and feasible 2) if taVNS stimulates the vagus system similarly to implanted …

Complications Of In-Patient Cerebral Angiography: Comparison Between Patients With And Without Sub Arachnoid Haemorrhage, Yaseen Rauf, Usman Tariq Siddiqui, Gohar Javed

Section of Neurosurgery

Objective: To compare complications of cerebral angiography among patients with and without subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised records of patients undergoing inpatient therapeutic and diagnostic cerebral angiographies from 2001 to 2010. The patients were divided into subarachnoid and non-subarachnoid haemorrhage groups. During the study period no modifications were made to the operational protocol and all patients were subjected to the same procedure and prophylactic care.
Results: Of the 93 patients, 42(45.2%) were women and 51(54.8%) were men. The overall mean age was 45.27±16.15 years (range: 4-80 years). The …

Astrocytes Promote Progression Of Breast Cancer Metastases To The Brain Via A Kiss1-Mediated Autophagy., Natalya Kaverina, Anton V Borovjagin, Zaira Kadagidze, Anatoly Baryshnikov, Maria Baryshnikova, Dmitry Malin, Dhimankrishhna Ghosh, Nameeta Shah, Danny R Welch, Patrik Gabikian, Apollon Karseladze, Charles Cobbs, Ilya V Ulasov

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Formation of metastases, also known as cancer dissemination, is an important stage of breast cancer (BrCa) development. KISS1 expression is associated with inhibition of metastases development. Recently we have demonstrated that BrCa metastases to the brain exhibit low levels of KISS1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. By using multicolor immunofluorescence and coculture techniques here we show that normal adult astrocytes in the brain are capable of promoting metastatic transformation of circulating breast cancer cells localized to the brain through secretion of chemokine CXCL12. The latter was found in this study to downregulate KISS1 expression at the post-transcriptional level …

Peripheral Huntingtin Silencing Does Not Ameliorate Central Signs Of Disease In The B6.Httq111/+ Mouse Model Of Huntington's Disease., Sydney R Coffey, Robert M Bragg, Shawn Minnig, Seth A Ament, Jeffrey P Cantle, Anne Glickenhaus, Daniel Shelnut, José M Carrillo, Dominic D Shuttleworth, Julie-Anne Rodier, Kimihiro Noguchi, C Frank Bennett, Nathan D Price, Holly B Kordasiewicz, Jeffrey B Carroll

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease whose predominant neuropathological signature is the selective loss of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Despite this selective neuropathology, the mutant protein (huntingtin) is found in virtually every cell so far studied, and, consequently, phenotypes are observed in a wide range of organ systems both inside and outside the central nervous system. We, and others, have suggested that peripheral dysfunction could contribute to the rate of progression of striatal phenotypes of HD. To test this hypothesis, we lowered levels of huntingtin by treating mice with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting the murine …

A Previously Unreported Arterial Variant Of The Suboccipital Region Based On Cadaveric Dissection., Christian Fisahn, Brittni Burgess, Joe Iwanaga, Fernando Alonso, Jens R Chapman, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Somatosensory Deficits In Post-Acl Reconstruction Patients: A Case-Control Study, Johanna M. Hoch, William O. Perkins, Jonathan R. Hartman, Matthew C. Hoch

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction: Diminished cutaneous detection thresholds have been identified in patients with multiple orthopedic conditions, and these phenomena may occur in postanterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in lower extremity cutaneous detection thresholds exist in post-ACLR patients when compared with healthy controls. Methods: Fifteen individuals who were post-ACLR and 15 individuals who had no history of knee injury participated. Light touch cutaneous detection thresholds were assessed at 4 locations on the foot and ankle (first metatarsal, fifth metatarsal, medial malleolus, and lateral malleolus). Nonparametric statistics examined group differences between the …

A Novel Design Of A Phase Iii Trial Of Isradipine In Early Parkinson Disease (Steady-Pd Iii), Kevin M. Biglan, David Oakes, Anthony E. Lang, Robert A. Hauser, Karen Hodgeman, Brittany Greco, Jillian Lowell, Rebecca Rockhill, Ira Shoulson, Charles Venuto, Diony Young, Tanya Simuni

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objectives To describe the rationale for a novel study design and baseline characteristics of a disease-modifying trial of isradipine 10 mg daily in early Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods STEADY-PDIII is a 36-month, Phase 3, parallel group, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of isradipine 10 mg daily in 336 participants with early PD as measured by the change in the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I-III score in the practically defined ON state. Secondary outcome measures include clinically meaningful measures of disability progression in early PD: (1) Time to initiation and utilization of dopaminergic therapy; (2) Time to onset …

Serotonin Syndrome Complicating Treatment Of Ifosfamide Neurotoxicity With Methylene Blue, Matthew Snyder, Suhas Gangadhara, Andrew S. Brohl, Steven Ludlow, Sowmya Nanjappa

Neurology Faculty Publications

Methylene blue is a widely used treatment for ifosfamide neurotoxicity. We present a case of severe encephalopathy complicating ifosfamide-based therapy for recurrent retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. After treatment with methylene blue, the patient experienced clinical decompensation and was diagnosed with serotonin syndrome based on a constellation of clinical findings. Withdrawal of methylene blue and other serotonergic medications led to clinical stabilization and ultimately neurological recovery. Our case highlights the challenge of diagnosing serotonin syndrome in the face of preexisting ifosfamide neurotoxicity, as there is significant clinical overlap between these 2 syndromes. Practitioners must remain vigilant of this potential life-threatening complication in this …

Carotid Endarterectomy In A Patient With Severe Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis With Persistent Trigeminal Artery And Ischemia Of The Anterior And Posterior Circulation, Melanie R. F. Greenway, Hussam A. Yacoub, Shweta Varade, Yevgeniy Isayev

Neurology Faculty Publications

Occurrence of cerebral ischemia in the posterior circulation as a result of severe internal carotid artery disease and persistent trigeminal artery is rare. An 81-year-old man with medical history of hypertension and ischemic stroke presented with dizziness, nausea, and mild dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed acute infarcts in the left internal carotid artery territory. CT angiogram revealed a persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) and severe atherosclerosis. The patient developed new neurological symptoms and repeat imaging revealed new acute infarcts in the PTA distribution. After undergoing a left carotid endarterectomy with no complications, the patient was discharged to a …

Racial‐Ethnic Disparities In Acute Stroke Care In The Florida‐Puerto Rico Collaboration To Reduce Stroke Disparities Study, Ralph L. Sacco, Hannah Gardener, Kefeng Wang, Chuanhui Dong, Maria A. Ciliberti-Vargas, Carolina M. Gutierrez, Negar Asdaghi, W. Scott Burgin, Olveen Carrasquillo, Enid J. Garcia-Rivera, Ulises Nobo, Sofia Oluwole, David Z. Rose, Michael F. Waters, Juan Carlos Zevallos, Mary Robichaux, Salina P. Waddy, Jose G. Romano, Tatjana Rundek

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background: Racial‐ethnic disparities in acute stroke care can contribute to inequality in stroke outcomes. We examined race‐ethnic disparities in acute stroke performance metrics in a voluntary stroke registry among Florida and Puerto Rico Get With the Guidelines‐Stroke hospitals.

Methods and Results: Seventy‐five sites in the Florida Puerto Rico Stroke Registry (66 Florida and 9 Puerto Rico) recorded 58 864 ischemic stroke cases (2010–2014). Logistic regression models examined racial‐ethnic differences in acute stroke performance measures and defect‐free care (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment, in‐hospital antithrombotic therapy, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, discharge antithrombotic therapy, appropriate anticoagulation therapy, statin use, smoking cessation counseling) …

Incidence Of Seizure Exacerbation And Seizures Reported As Adverse Events During Adjunctive Treatment With Eslicarbazepine Acetate: A Pooled Analysis Of Three Phase Iii Controlled Trials, Mar Carreño, Selim Benbadis, Francisco Rocha, David Blum, Hailong Cheng

Neurology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Diabetes In The Friedreich Ataxia Clinical Outcome Measures Study, Ashley Mccormick, Jennifer Farmer, Susan Perlman, Martin Delatycki, George Wilmot, Katherine Matthews, Grace Yoon, Chad Hoyle, Sub H. Subramony, Theresa Zesiewicz, David R. Lynch, Shana E. Mccormack

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objective Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by GAA triplet repeat expansions or point mutations in the FXN gene. FA is associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study assessed the age-specific prevalence of FA-associated DM and its impact on neurologic outcomes.

Research Design and Methods Participants were 811 individuals with FA from 12 international sites in a prospective natural history study (FA Clinical Outcome Measures Study, FACOMS). Physical function was assessed, using validated instruments. Multivariable regression analyses examined the independent association of DM with outcomes.

Results Mean age of participants was 30.1 years (SD …

Ion Channel Expression Patterns In Glioblastoma Stem Cells With Functional And Therapeutic Implications For Malignancy., Julia Pollak, Karan G Rai, Cory C Funk, Sonali Arora, Eunjee Lee, Jun Zhu, Nathan D Price, Patrick J Paddison, Jan-Marino Ramirez, Robert C Rostomily

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Ion channels and transporters have increasingly recognized roles in cancer progression through the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and death. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are a source of tumor formation and recurrence in glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive brain cancer, suggesting that ion channel expression may be perturbed in this population. However, little is known about the expression and functional relevance of ion channels that may contribute to GSC malignancy. Using RNA sequencing, we assessed the enrichment of ion channels in GSC isolates and non-tumor neural cell types. We identified a unique set of GSC-enriched ion channels using differential expression …

The South Carolina Telestroke Program: Does County-Level Telestroke Access Increase The Odds That Patients Will Receive T-Pa?, Steven M. Dilembo

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Stroke is a disease that is responsible for disabling more of its victims that any other disease in the United States. There are four types of stroke. However, ischemic stroke is responsible for 87% of all strokes. T-PA is a pharmaceutical that has proven an effective treatment for ischemic stroke patients since 1996. T-PA works by dissolving the thrombosis that has become lodged in a brain vessel. This pharmaceutical has its limitations; mainly it must be administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Nationally, the medical field experiences low utilization rates, between 3-5%. The many variables that affect this low …

A Comparison Of Sex Differences In Psychotropic Medication Use In Older People With Alzheimer's Disease In The Us And Finland, Daniela C. Moga, Heidi Taipale, Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Antti Tanskanen, Jari Tiihonen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Qishan Wu, Gregory A. Jicha, Danijela Gnjidic

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Aims—Given the high prevalence of psychotropic medication use in people with dementia and the potential for different prescribing practices in men and women, our study aimed to investigate sex differences in psychotropic medication use in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) living in the US and Finland.

Methods—We used data collected between 2005 and 2011 as part of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) in the US, and Medication use and Alzheimer’s disease (MEDALZ) cohorts in Finland. We evaluated psychotropic medication use (antidepressant, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, sedative, or hypnotic) in participants aged 65 years or older. We employed multivariable …

Comparison Of A Head Mounted Impact Measurement Device To The Hybrid Iii Anthropomorphic Testing Device In A Controlled Laboratory Setting, Eric Schussler, David Stark, John H. Bolte, Yun Seok Kang, James A. Onate

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Reports estimate that 1.6 to 3.8 million cases of concussion occur in sports and recreation each year in the United States. Despite continued efforts to reduce the occurrence of concussion, the rate of diagnosis continues to increase. The mechanisms of concussion are thought to involve linear and rotational head accelerations and velocities. One method of quantifying the kinematics experienced during sport participation is to place measurement devices into the athlete’s helmet or directly on the athlete’s head.

Purpose: The purpose of this research to determine the accuracy of a head mounted device for measuring the head accelerations experienced by …

The Default Mode Network And Executive Function: Influence Of Age, White Matter Connectivity, And Alzheimer’S Pathology, Christopher A. Brown

Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience

The default mode network (DMN) consists of a set of interconnected brain regions supporting autobiographical memory, our concept of the self, and the internal monologue. These processes must be maintained at all times and consume the highest amount of the brain’s energy during its baseline state. However, when faced with an active, externally-directed cognitive task, the DMN shows a small, but significant, decrease in activity. The reduction in DMN activity during the performance of an active, externally-directed task compared to a baseline state is termed task-induced deactivation (TID), which is thought to ‘free-up’ resources required to respond to external demands. …