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Articles 541 - 570 of 1291

Full-Text Articles in Neurology

Association Of Serum Albumin Levels And Guillain Barre Syndrome (Gbs) Outcome., Mazhar Badshah, Ghulam Shabbir, Sumaira Fazal Nabi, Daniyal Ahmed Jun 2018

Association Of Serum Albumin Levels And Guillain Barre Syndrome (Gbs) Outcome., Mazhar Badshah, Ghulam Shabbir, Sumaira Fazal Nabi, Daniyal Ahmed

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by a rapidly progressive bilateral paresis of the limbs. Nadir is typically reached within a number of days or weeks, followed by a recovery that is generally much slower and often incomplete. Guillain-Barre syndrome is usually preceded by infection or other immune stimulation that induces an aberrant autoimmune response targeting peripheral nerves and their spinal roots.IVIG and Plasmapheresis are used first line treatments in GBS treatment. For better assessment of treatment response, biomarkers reflecting Plasmapheresis and IVIG efficacy are needed. Aim of this study is to determine serum albumin as an independent biomarker …

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Circadian Variation Of Brain Proteins: Importance In Experiments, Muhammad Rafiq, Zahid Mahmood, Sajed Ali Jun 2018

Circadian Variation Of Brain Proteins: Importance In Experiments, Muhammad Rafiq, Zahid Mahmood, Sajed Ali

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Circadian (from the Latin word circa, meaning 'about', and dies, meaning 'day') rhythms are the rhythms occurring within a period of 24 hours and are endogenously driven in biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes [1]. Circadian rhythms are also entrained by the external environmental cues called zeitgebers, the primary one of which is day light [2]. Circadian rhythms have been widely observed in plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria [3]. The study of the biological processes that vary during different time of the day, is called chronobiology. A number of studies on mammalian species have confirmed that the circadian pacemaker resides in …

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Child Protection In Pakistan: Legislation & Implementation, Sana Younus, Aisha S Chachar, Ayesha Mian Jun 2018

Child Protection In Pakistan: Legislation & Implementation, Sana Younus, Aisha S Chachar, Ayesha Mian

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Children are an integral part of any society. Their dependency on others for the fulfilment of their basic needs like food, shelter, education, safety and security makes them a vulnerable group. Society is judged on its ability to provide for the needs of the vulnerable. Provision of each of these needs is the responsibility of primary caregivers but requires assistance from multiple agencies working at the national level to ensure an effective delivery. Children’s rights can be defined as “the rights, which are concerned both with the protection of the individual child and with the creation of the conditions in …

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Descriptive Epidemiology Of Karachi Road Traffic Crash Mortality In 2015, Rashid Jooma, Masood Ali Shaikh May 2018

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Karachi Road Traffic Crash Mortality In 2015, Rashid Jooma, Masood Ali Shaikh

Section of Neurosurgery

The Karachi city's Road Traffic Injury Research and Prevention Center (RTIRPC), collects Road Traffic Crash (RTC) data on injuries and fatalities from three major public and private hospitals' emergency departments. In the year 2015, 1021 deaths were recorded; with 871 (85.3%) deaths in males. Cumulatively, 286 (28.0%) deaths were recorded in the 21-30year age group, and for 198 (19.4%) RTC fatal victims, the primary vehicle involved was motorbike. Highest number of fatalities were recorded in the month of January i.e. 153 (15.0%), while the lowest number was recorded for June, with 47 (4.6%) fatalities. RTIRPC is a unique surveillance system …

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Simpson Grading As Predictor Of Meningioma Recurrence, Ayesha Quddusi, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim May 2018

Simpson Grading As Predictor Of Meningioma Recurrence, Ayesha Quddusi, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Meningimas are one of the commonest primary brain tumours and the commonest extra-axial primary brain tumour. Despite better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the tumours, surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, and in a large proportion of cases, complete excision is curative. Simpson grading for the extent of resection of meningiomas, was introduced more than six decades ago, and has stood the test of time. With modern technological advancements, however, the relevance of Simpson grading has been questioned. Herein we review the recent literature on the relevance of Simpson grading more than sixty years after its introduction.

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Environment And Neurological Diseases: Growing Evidence For Direct Relationship, Mohammad Wasay, Adeel Khoja May 2018

Environment And Neurological Diseases: Growing Evidence For Direct Relationship, Mohammad Wasay, Adeel Khoja

Section of Neurology

No abstract provided.

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Management Of Arachnoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review, Fatima Mustansir, Sanaullah Bashir, Aneela Darbar Apr 2018

Management Of Arachnoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review, Fatima Mustansir, Sanaullah Bashir, Aneela Darbar

Section of Neurosurgery

Arachnoid cysts are non-neoplastic, intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled spaces lined with arachnoid membranes. Large arachnoid cysts are often symptomatic because they compress surrounding structures; therefore, they must be treated surgically. As several surgical management options exist, we explore the best approach according to each major type of arachnoid cyst: middle cranial fossa cyst, suprasellar cyst, intrahemispheric cyst, and quadrigeminal cyst.

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Resolution Of Gestational Gigantomastia With Termination Of Pregnancy, Syed Sarmad Bukhari, Haris Manan, Mah Muneer Khan, Syed Shahmeer Raza Apr 2018

Resolution Of Gestational Gigantomastia With Termination Of Pregnancy, Syed Sarmad Bukhari, Haris Manan, Mah Muneer Khan, Syed Shahmeer Raza

Section of Neurosurgery

Less than 100 cases of gestational gigantomastia have been described in literature. The aetiology and risk factors are not well-established. Various treatments have been used with some consensus. We present the case of a 47-year-old female who presented to us with bilateral gigantomastia in her 16th week of gestation. She had massively enlarged breasts which were very painful. Relevant laboratory investigations were normal. An incisional biopsy done prior to, and two trucut samples at presentation to us, showed normal breast tissue proliferation. In the absence of adequate pain control, it was decided to electively terminate the pregnancy and give a …

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Prognostic Implications Of Histological Clear Cells In High-Grade Intracranial Ependymal Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Fauzan Alam Hashmi, Hamid Hussain Rai, Muhammad Faheem Khan, Muhammad Ehsan Bari Apr 2018

Prognostic Implications Of Histological Clear Cells In High-Grade Intracranial Ependymal Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Fauzan Alam Hashmi, Hamid Hussain Rai, Muhammad Faheem Khan, Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: Clear cell variant in ependymal tumors is rare. We aimed to compare the features and outcome of the World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 3 ependymal tumors with clear cells to the WHO Grade 3 classic anaplastic ependymoma (AE).
Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University, Pakistan, from 2003 to 2013. The medical records and radiology of patients with proven histopathology were reviewed. The analysis was done on SPSS 20.
Results: Nine cases of clear cell variant and 23 cases of classic AE were found, both of which combined equated to …

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Depression In Adult Patients With Primary Brain Tumours: A Review Of Independent Risk Factors, Anum Sadruddin Pidani, Aaida Mumtaz Rao, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim Apr 2018

Depression In Adult Patients With Primary Brain Tumours: A Review Of Independent Risk Factors, Anum Sadruddin Pidani, Aaida Mumtaz Rao, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Depression is considered an under-diagnosed problem, especially in patients with malignancies. Patients with brain tumours in particular, have a relatively higher risk of developing depression, which is multifactorial. Herein, the authors review the recent literature on the prevalence of depression in patients with brain tumours, and explore the various risk factors involved.

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Use Of Preoperative Apparent Diffusion Coefficients To Predict Brain Tumor Grade, Aneela Darbar, Muhammad Waqas, Syed Faaiz Enam, Shaikh D. Mahmood Mar 2018

Use Of Preoperative Apparent Diffusion Coefficients To Predict Brain Tumor Grade, Aneela Darbar, Muhammad Waqas, Syed Faaiz Enam, Shaikh D. Mahmood

Section of Neurosurgery

Introduction: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequence is based on the diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues and correlates with tissue cellularity. ADC may have a role in predicting tumor grade for gliomas, and may in turn assist in identifying tumor biopsy sites. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the competence of preoperative ADC values in predicting tumor grades.
Methods: This was a retrospective investigation. We calculated the ADC values in the areas of greatest restriction in solid tumor components, and we recorded the pattern of contrast enhancement. Pathology reports masked to the imaging results were reviewed …

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Importance Of Bioethics In Healthcare, Rizwan Taj, Asima Khan Mar 2018

Importance Of Bioethics In Healthcare, Rizwan Taj, Asima Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Healthcare ethics deals with ethical issues in health care, medicine and science.Ethical codes and its application have long history from ancient era. In presentscenario, both advancement in medical field and the challenges are increasing in same pace for healthcare providers to deal with ethical issues. Therefore, the undoubtedly important role of bioethics emerges here. Bioethics in healthcare brings understanding and knowledge among healthcare professionals about medical practice.Stressing upon the ethical aspects of bioethics, medical professionals are capable oftagging along ethical codes while practicing especially while dealing with issues. As ethical tribulations are linked with issues in medical care, so by …

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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis In A Middle Age Female, Hina Mushtaq, Maria Qureshi, Irfan Ahsan Mar 2018

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis In A Middle Age Female, Hina Mushtaq, Maria Qureshi, Irfan Ahsan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune condition that predominately involve demyelination of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. It resembles other acute demyelinating syndromes like multiple sclerosis and most often presents in childhood.This is a case of a 52-year woman, presented with lower limb weakness, confusion and spasticity throughout the body with no preceding illness. CSF showed increased proteins with no oligoclonal bands. MRI Brain showed abnormal high intensity areas in bilateral parietal, periventricular region, with no contrast enhancement. She was given 1gram iv methylprednisolone based on the diagnosis of ADEM and responded well.

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Direct Current Stimulation And Epilepsy In Developing Countries: Opportunity And Challenges, Abdulrahman Al-Thaqib, Baradi, Raidah Saleem, Shahid Bashir Mar 2018

Direct Current Stimulation And Epilepsy In Developing Countries: Opportunity And Challenges, Abdulrahman Al-Thaqib, Baradi, Raidah Saleem, Shahid Bashir

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one type of neuromodulation, which is an emerging technology that holds promise for the future studies on therapeutic and diagnosis applications in treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Epilepsy is one of the commonest neurological disorders, caused by an enhanced cortical excitability favoring paroxysmal neuronal discharge. Cathodaldirect current stimulation (ctDCS) is a low-cost noninvasive portable neuro-stimulatory technique which can transiently decrease cortical excitability in humans. This was invasively demonstrated to reduce epileptiform discharges in animals.

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The Loose End: Neurology Without Rehabilitation, Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi, Farooq Azam Rathore Mar 2018

The Loose End: Neurology Without Rehabilitation, Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi, Farooq Azam Rathore

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

In recent years, successive therapies for previously untreatable neurological conditions have been introduced in clinical practice and these advance interventions have remarkably changed the landscape of neurosciences1,2 .But, rehabilitation of the functional impairments caused by neurological diseases is often overlooked or sometimes even neglected. In other words, the role of a comprehensive and early multidisciplinary rehabilitation in neurological disease is unrecognized and poorly understood even among neurologists and neurosurgeons. Usually, lifesaving neurosurgical management or solving a diagnostic riddle in neurology is attributed to successful patient management; however in reality, this is the first step in establishing a care plan for …

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The Rare And The Unexpected; Miller Fisher Syndrome, Saad Waheed, Jawad Hussian, Aqsa Shehzadi Mar 2018

The Rare And The Unexpected; Miller Fisher Syndrome, Saad Waheed, Jawad Hussian, Aqsa Shehzadi

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) is a rare variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) which is an idiopathic neuromuscular paralysis. It is considered as autoimmune disease because there are antibodies which attack the nerve cell fibers resulting in paralysis of muscles. This disease exhibits a classic clinical triad of ataxia,areflexia, and ophthalmoplegiawhereas it could have more neurological symptoms.Basically it is diagnosed clinically but have a serological test for its confirmation i.e. anti-GQ1b antibody levels.Here, we report a stereotypical case of MFS with all of its cardinal symptoms with addition of some other symptoms like diplopia, ptosis of an eye and unilateral facial …

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Biopsy Proven Case Of Creutzfeldt- Jacob Disease From Pakistan, Rizwana Shahid, Saad Shafqat Mar 2018

Biopsy Proven Case Of Creutzfeldt- Jacob Disease From Pakistan, Rizwana Shahid, Saad Shafqat

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare type of prion disease leading to a rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) and other associated neurological features specially startle myoclonus. The annual incidence of CJD has been reported to be 1 per million or 271 people in USA2, but from Asia especially from Pakistan, only few case reports have been published. The probable cause behind the rarity of this disease in our society is still unclear.The diagnosis of CJD requires a high level of suspicion and lack of the availability of specific markers like CSF 14-3-3 in our setup makes it more difficult. Similarly brain …

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Bilateral Wrist Drop In A Middle Age Man, Ghulam Shabbir, Zakir Jan, Haris Majid Rajput Mar 2018

Bilateral Wrist Drop In A Middle Age Man, Ghulam Shabbir, Zakir Jan, Haris Majid Rajput

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder which often causes disability.Among metals lead intoxication leads to bilateral radial neuropathy. Patients with lead neuropathy present with weakness that primarily involves the wrist and finger extensors. Lead intoxication in humans causes axonal degeneration. We report a case of middle age male who presented with bilateral wristsdrop, workup revealed that he had bilateral radial nerve neuropathy which was secondary to his occupational exposure to lead causing lead intoxication. Chronic lead exposure as a risk factor for neuropathy should be identified and treated promptly as its avoidance and treatment can save major disabilities.

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Treatment And Outcome In Patients With Infantile Spasms And Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, Arif Herekar, Nasir Yaqoob Mar 2018

Treatment And Outcome In Patients With Infantile Spasms And Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, Arif Herekar, Nasir Yaqoob

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

ABSTRACT: AIM: To measure and assess the efficacy of ACTH and Vigabatrin in Infantile Spasm and their Unresponsiveness in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome in Pakistani Population MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was conducted between year 2006 to 2016 evaluating 120 patients presenting to Neurodiagnostic Centre, Hamdard University Hospital and National Medical Centre, Karachi. Infantile spasms and Salaam Attacks were the basic diagnosis both clinically and electroence phalographically. Age ranges between 1 month to 1.5 years. All patients were administered appropriate doses of Anti Epileptics, ACTH and vitamin supplements RESULTS Amongst 120 patients of Infantile Spasm that we have encountered in last decade …

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Risk Factors For Stroke And Tia's In Pakistan: A Community-Based Study, Abdul Malik, Farrukh Malik, Ismail Khatri, Sadaf Nasir Mar 2018

Risk Factors For Stroke And Tia's In Pakistan: A Community-Based Study, Abdul Malik, Farrukh Malik, Ismail Khatri, Sadaf Nasir

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of risk factors for stroke and transient ischemic attacks in Pakistan; a multi-city community-based study. METHOD: This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in various health care facilities including government funded District Head Quarters hospitals, private hospitals and medical centers, and community-based clinics across 27 cities all over Pakistan over a period of three years between 2013 and 2015. Nearly 900 patients were screened during stroke (Falij) screening camps at these facilities and the data regarding past stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) symptoms were recorded along with relevant neurological examinations. A 25 item self-administered questionnaire …

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Effect Of Minor Surgery Under Propofol Anaesthesia On Brain Bdnf And Cognition, Muhammad Rafiq, Zahid Mahmood, Sajed Ali, Laure Pain Mar 2018

Effect Of Minor Surgery Under Propofol Anaesthesia On Brain Bdnf And Cognition, Muhammad Rafiq, Zahid Mahmood, Sajed Ali, Laure Pain

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a brain protein implicated in learning, memory and other cognitive functions. Changes in cellular brain functions as well as cognitive defects have been observed the days following anaesthesia, even for short-duration anaesthesia with/without surgery. Despites the role of neurotrophic factors in cognition, no data are still available on brain effects after anaesthesia. Purpose: To study the effect of minor surgery under short duration anaesthesia on cognition by investigating BDNF levels in plasma, hippocampus and cortex. METHODS: Male rats received an intra-peritoneal injection of either 120 mg/kg of propofol or intralipids solution or minor surgery …

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Identification Of Different Personality Traits Among Teenagers And Their Effect On Behavioural Conduct, Muhammad Yasir Tarar, Umair Sharif, Muhammad Waqar Abbas Mar 2018

Identification Of Different Personality Traits Among Teenagers And Their Effect On Behavioural Conduct, Muhammad Yasir Tarar, Umair Sharif, Muhammad Waqar Abbas

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To identify different personality traits among teenagers To give recommendations to help teenagers create a balance in personality development. METHODS: This research is based on a cross sectional study conducted at Services Institute of Medical Sciences, catering to the freshmen of MBBS. The tenure for the research lasted 8 months starting March 2017- October 2017.The estimated target population accounted to 100 teenage students who were incorporated for the research through convenient sampling. Selection criteria for the chosen sample was based on their age, institute and mental well-being. Any student over and above 19 years, not enrolled in SIMS or suffering …

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The Advocacy Role Of The World Federation Of Neurology, Wolfgang Grisold, Mohammad Wasay Mar 2018

The Advocacy Role Of The World Federation Of Neurology, Wolfgang Grisold, Mohammad Wasay

Section of Neurology

No abstract provided.

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Acute Onset Of Quadriplegia Secondary To Hypoparathyroidism: Mimicker Of Aman Variant Of Gbs, Syeda Saba Zaidi, Tahira Siddiqui, Sarwar Jamil Siddiqui Mar 2018

Acute Onset Of Quadriplegia Secondary To Hypoparathyroidism: Mimicker Of Aman Variant Of Gbs, Syeda Saba Zaidi, Tahira Siddiqui, Sarwar Jamil Siddiqui

Section of Neurology

Acute onset of quadriplegia is a rare phenomenon seen with hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism. We describe a 33-year gentleman who presented with weakness of all four limbs and areflexia. ECG showed QT abnormality. Nerve conduction study revealed normal sensory and significantly low motor CMAP amplitudes in both the upper and lower extremities. This nerve conduction study can be seen in acute motor neuropathy of various etiologies, among which GBS is the most worrisome. Our patient found to have low calcium and parathyroid hormone level. His symptoms improved after calcium replacement. Occurrence of quadriplegia in hypoparathyroidism, and its improvement after correction …

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Putative Adult Neurogenesis In Old World Parrots: The Congo African Grey Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus) And Timneh Grey Parrot (Psittacus Timneh), Pedzisai Mazengenya, Adhil Bhagwandin, Paul R. Manger, Amadi O. Ihunwo Feb 2018

Putative Adult Neurogenesis In Old World Parrots: The Congo African Grey Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus) And Timneh Grey Parrot (Psittacus Timneh), Pedzisai Mazengenya, Adhil Bhagwandin, Paul R. Manger, Amadi O. Ihunwo

Brain and Mind Institute

In the current study, we examined for the first time, the potential for adult neurogenesis throughout the brain of the Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) and Timneh grey parrot (Psittacus timneh) using immunohistochemistry for the endogenous markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which labels proliferating cells, and doublecortin (DCX), which stains immature and migrating neurons. A similar distribution of PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was found throughout the brain of the Congo African grey and Timneh grey parrots, but minor differences were also observed. In both species of parrots, PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was observed in …

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Robotics In Neurosurgery: A Literature Review, Syed Ijlal Ahmed, Gohar Javed, Bakhtawar Mubeen, Syeda Beenish Bareeqa, Hiba Rasheed, Alizay Rehman, Masroor Mubeen Phulpoto, Syeda Sana Samar, Kashif Aziz Feb 2018

Robotics In Neurosurgery: A Literature Review, Syed Ijlal Ahmed, Gohar Javed, Bakhtawar Mubeen, Syeda Beenish Bareeqa, Hiba Rasheed, Alizay Rehman, Masroor Mubeen Phulpoto, Syeda Sana Samar, Kashif Aziz

Section of Neurosurgery

Robotic surgery has been the forte of minimally invasive stereo-tactic procedures for some decades now. Ongoing advancements and evolutionary developments require substantial evidence to build the consensus about its efficacy in the field of neurosurgery. Main obstacle in obtaining successful results in neurosurgery is fine neural structures and other anatomical limitations. Currently, human rationalisation and robotic precision works in symbiosis to provide improved results. We reviewed the current data about recent interventions. Robots are capable of providing virtual data, superior spatial resolution and geometric accuracy, superior dexterity, faster manoeuvring and non-fatigability with steady motion. Robotic surgery also allows simulation of …

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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Past, Present, And Future In Neurosurgery, Syed A. Quadri,, Muhammad Waqas, Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Sajid S. Suriya, Mudassir Farooqui, Brian Fiani Feb 2018

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Past, Present, And Future In Neurosurgery, Syed A. Quadri,, Muhammad Waqas, Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Sajid S. Suriya, Mudassir Farooqui, Brian Fiani

Section of Neurosurgery

Since Lynn and colleagues first described the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) waves for intracranial ablation in 1942, many strides have been made toward the treatment of several brain pathologies using this novel technology. In the modern era of minimal invasiveness, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) promises therapeutic utility for multiple neurosurgical applications, including treatment of tumors, stroke, epilepsy, and functional disorders. Although the use of HIFU as a potential therapeutic modality in the brain has been under study for several decades, relatively few neuroscientists, neurologists, or even neurosurgeons are familiar with it. In this extensive review, the authors intend to …

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Mra-Based Evaluation Of Anatomical Variation Of Circle Of Willis In Adult Pakistanis, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail Feb 2018

Mra-Based Evaluation Of Anatomical Variation Of Circle Of Willis In Adult Pakistanis, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

Objective: To determine the frequency and patterns of normal anatomical variation of Circle of Willis on magnetic resonance angiogram in adults without cerebrovascular disease.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Dow University of Health Sciences / Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2016, and comprised patients referred for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and magnetic resonance angiogram without any clinical or radiological manifestation of cerebrovascular disease, primarily including those with suspected demyelination, infection, epilepsy or metastases. Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography was performed. The Circle of Willis was assessed for its completeness …

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Multiple System Atrophy - The Cerebellar Type With “Hot Cross Bun Sign” On Mri, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail, Nasreen Naz Feb 2018

Multiple System Atrophy - The Cerebellar Type With “Hot Cross Bun Sign” On Mri, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail, Nasreen Naz

Department of Radiology

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult onset, progressive, idiopathic neurodegenerative disease that clinically manifest as MSA-C with cerebellar signs predominant, MSA-P with Parkinsonian features predominant and MSA-A with autonomic signs and symptoms. MRI has an important role in its diagnosis with a characteristic finding described as "hot cross bun" sign seen in MSA of cerebellar type (MSA-C). We have seen two cases of MSA-C referred to Radiology Department, Civil Hospital Karachi in February 2017 and March 2017 who presented with difficulty in walking and speech and foecal and urinary incontinence. The MRI showed atrophy of pons, cerebellum and middle …

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Prognostic Significance Of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter On Computed Tomography Scan With Severity Of Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury In The Emergency Department., Shahan Waheed, Muhamamd Akbar Baig, Emaduddin Siddiqui, Danyal Jamil, Asher Feroze Feb 2018

Prognostic Significance Of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter On Computed Tomography Scan With Severity Of Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury In The Emergency Department., Shahan Waheed, Muhamamd Akbar Baig, Emaduddin Siddiqui, Danyal Jamil, Asher Feroze

Department of Emergency Medicine

Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement (ONSD) has been associated with identifying the prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The study was planned to evaluate the prognostic value of ONSD measured on the initial brain computed tomography (CT) scan performed on patients with blunt TBI in the emergency department(ED). This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of moderate and severe TBI patients from January to December 2014. ONSD for each eye on the initial CT scan and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was measured upon patient presentation. Correlation between presentation GCS and …

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