Neurology Commons^™

Autologous Cellular Therapy For Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized, Crossover Trial, Charles S Cox, Jenifer Juranek, Steven Kosmach, Claudia Pedroza, Nivedita Thakur, Allison Dempsey, Kimberly Rennie, Michael C Scott, Margaret Jackson, Akshita Kumar, Benjamin Aertker, Henry Caplan, Fabio Triolo, Sean I Savitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We examined an autologous mononuclear-cell-therapy-based approach to treat cerebral palsy using autologous umbilical cord blood or bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells. The primary objective was to determine if autologous cells are safe to administer in children with cerebral palsy. The secondary objectives were to determine if there was improvement in motor function of patients 12 months after infusion using the Gross Motor Function Measure and to evaluate impact of treatment on corticospinal tract microstructure as determined by radial diffusivity measurement. This Phase 1/2a trial was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study in children aged 2–10 years of age with cerebral palsy enrolled …

The Value Of Peer Support In Curbing Moral Injury: A Resident’S Perspective, May W Chen, Jennifer K Lee, Gilbert Vezina, Aylin Tekes, Jamie Perin, Ruoying Li, Alexandra O'Kane, Meaghan Mcgowan, Taeun Chang, Charlamaine Parkinson, Colleen Krein, Tareq Al-Shargabi, Frances J Northington, Ken M Brady, An N Massaro, Rathinaswamy B Govindan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Identifying the hemodynamic range that best supports cerebral perfusion using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) autoregulation monitoring is a potential physiologic marker for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during therapeutic hypothermia. However, an optimal autoregulation monitoring algorithm has not been identified for neonatal clinical medicine. We tested whether the hemoglobin volume phase (HVP), hemoglobin volume (HVx), and pressure passivity index (PPI) identify changes in autoregulation that are associated with brain injury on MRI or death. The HVP measures the phase difference between a NIRS metric of cerebral blood volume, the total hemoglobin (THb), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at the frequency …

Cytokines And Chemokines Profile In Encephalitis Patients: A Meta-Analysis, Alireza Soltani Khaboushan, Mohammad-Taha Pahlevan-Fallahy, Parnian Shobeiri, Antônio L Teixeira, Nima Rezaei

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Encephalitis is caused by autoimmune or infectious agents marked by brain inflammation. Investigations have reported altered concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between encephalitis and alterations of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.

Methods: We found possibly suitable studies by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, systematically from inception to August 2021. 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The protocol of the study has been registered in PROSPERO with a registration ID of CRD42021289298. …

Recurrent Hgnet-Mn1 Altered (Astroblastoma Mn1-Altered) Of The Foramen Magnum: Case Report And Molecular Classification, Sricharan Gopakumar, Malcolm F Mcdonald, Himanshu Sharma, Claudio E Tatsui, Gregory N Fuller, Ganesh Rao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Astroblastoma is a rare primary brain tumor of unclear origin, often occurring in young patients less than 30-years-old. It typically arises supratentorially and is diagnosed based on histological features including vascular hyalinization and perivascular pseudorosettes. Recent molecular characterization of primary CNS high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with meningioma I alteration (HGNET-MN1) found that HGNET-MN1 and tumors with morphological signatures of astroblastoma clustered together. Further analysis revealed such astroblastomas have MN1 alteration and the 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the CNS now recognizes astroblastoma MN1-altered as a new entity.

Case description: Here, we present the case of …

Stereotactic Radiosurgery For Pituitary Adenomas: A Review Of Literature, Kaynat Siddiqui, Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a choice of treatment for pituitary adenomas (PA), particularly for residual or recurrent disease, apart from surgery. It has a progression free survival and endocrine remission rate comparable to surgery, with fewer side effects, making it an ideal tool for dealing with PA. In this review, we have discussed the role of SRS for primary as well as post-operative residual/ recurrent PA, and have assessed its safety and outcomes.

Dementia Risk Reduction: Why Haven't The Pharmacological Risk Reduction Trials Worked? An In-Depth Exploration Of Seven Established Risk Factors, Ruth Peters, John Breitner, Sarah James, Gregory A. Jicha, Pierre-Francois Meyer, Marcus Richards, A. David Smith, Hussein N. Yassine, Erin L. Abner, Atticus H. Hainsworth, Patrick G. Kehoe, Nigel Beckett, Christopher Weber, Craig Anderson, Kaarin J. Anstey, Hiroko H. Dodge

Neurology Faculty Publications

Identifying the leading health and lifestyle factors for the risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease has yet to translate to risk reduction. To understand why, we examined the discrepancies between observational and clinical trial evidence for seven modifiable risk factors: type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, estrogens, inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Sample heterogeneity and paucity of intervention details (dose, timing, formulation) were common themes. Epidemiological evidence is more mature for some interventions (eg, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) than others. Trial data are promising for anti-hypertensives and B vitamin supplementation. Taken together, these risk factors highlight a future need …

Profile Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Results From A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multisite Study, Jamie K Capal, Marian E Williams, Deborah A Pearson, Robin Kissinger, Paul S Horn, Donna Murray, Kristn Currans, Bridget Kent, Martina Bebin, Hope Northrup, Joyce Y Wu, Mustafa Sahin, Darcy A Krueger, Tacern Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is highly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives of the study were to characterize autistic features in young children with TSC.

METHODS: Participants included 138 children followed from ages 3 to 36 months with TSC from the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Research Network (TACERN), a multicenter, prospective observational study aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms of ASD in TSC. Developmental and autism-specific assessments were administered, and a clinical diagnosis of ASD was determined for all participants at 36 months. Further analyses were performed on 117 participants with valid autism assessments based …

Multi-Vendor And Multisite Evaluation Of Cerebrovascular Reactivity Mapping Using Hypercapnia Challenge, Peiying Liu, Dengrong Jiang, Marilyn Albert, Christopher E. Bauer, Arvind Caprihan, Brian T. Gold, Steven M. Greenberg, Karl G. Helmer, Kay Jann, Gregory A. Jicha, Pavel Rodriguez, Claudia L Satizabal, Sudha Seshadri, Herpreet Singh, Jeffrey F. Thompson, Danny J. J. Wang, Hanzhang Lu

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), which measures the ability of cerebral blood vessels to dilate or constrict in response to vasoactive stimuli such as CO2 inhalation, is an important index of the brain's vascular health. Quantification of CVR using BOLD MRI with hypercapnia challenge has shown great promises in research and clinical studies. However, in order for it to be used as a potential imaging biomarker in large-scale and multi-site studies, the reliability of CO2-CVR quantification across different MRI acquisition platforms and researchers/raters must be examined. The goal of this report from the MarkVCID small vessel disease biomarkers consortium is to evaluate …

Stimulating The Facial Nerve To Treat Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review, Turner S. Baker, Justin Robeny, Danna Cruz, Alexis Bruhat, Alfred-Marc Iloreta, Anthony Costa, Thomas James Oxley

Publications and Research

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common devastating disease that has increased yearly in absolute number of cases since 1990. While mechanical thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) have proven to be effective treatments, their window-of-efficacy time is very short, leaving many patients with no viable treatment option. Over recent years there has been a growing interest in stimulating the facial nerves or ganglions to treat AIS. Pre-clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an increase in collateral blood flow (CBF) following ganglion stimulation, with positive indications in infarct size and neurological scores. Extensive human trials have focused on trans-oral electrical stimulation …

Cessation And Resumption Of Elective Neurointerventional Procedures During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic And Future Pandemics, Tim W. Malisch, Sameer A. Ansari, Gary R. Duckwiler, Kyle M. Fargen, Steven W. Hetts, Franklin A. Marden, Athos Patsalides, Clemens M. Schirmer, Allan Brook, Justin F. Fraser

Neurosurgery Faculty Publications

At the time of this writing, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to be a global threat, disrupting usual processes, and protocols for delivering health care around the globe. There have been significant regional and national differences in the scope and timing of these disruptions. Many hospitals were forced to temporarily halt elective neurointerventional procedures with the first wave of the pandemic in the spring of 2020, in order to prioritize allocation of resources for acutely ill patients and also to minimize coronavirus disease 2019 transmission risks to non-acute patients, their families, and health care workers. This temporary moratorium on …

Apathy Is Not Associated With A Panel Of Biomarkers In Older Adults With Hiv Disease, Steven Paul Woods, Jennifer L Thompson, Michelle A Babicz, Lokesh Shahani, Gabriela Delevati Colpo, Natalia P Rocha, Erin E Morgan, Antonio L Teixeira

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Apathy is prevalent in HIV disease and can significantly impact personal well-being; however, little is known about its neurobiological substrates in persons with HIV (PWH) disease.

METHODS: This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the association between apathy and several plasma biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, kynurenine, tryptophan, quinolinic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, and phosphorylated tau at position threonine 181) in 109 PWH and 30 seronegative participants ages 50 and older. Apathy was measured with a composite score derived from subscales of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and the Profile of Mood States.

RESULTS: …

Dextromethorphan-Quinidine Is Helpful For Pseudobulbar Affect Disorder In Stroke Patients, Michael Francis, Mira Hamame, Md, Mariam Nasrallah, Md, Alison Nesbitt, Do, James Peter Meza, Md, Phd

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

An informed consent article using

Hammond FM, Alexander DN, Cutler AJ, et al. PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury. BMC Neurology. 2016;16:89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0609-0

for a patient with pseudobulbar affect following stroke

Mitochondrial Phenotypes In Purified Human Immune Cell Subtypes And Cell Mixtures, Shannon Rausser, Caroline Trumpff, Marlon A. Mcgill, Alex Junker, Wei Wang, Siu-Hong Ho, Anika Mitchell, Kalpita R. Karan, Catherine Monk, Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Rebecca G. Reed, Martin Picard

Psychology Faculty Publications

Using a high-throughput mitochondrial phenotyping platform to quantify multiple mitochondrial features among molecularly defined immune cell subtypes, we quantify the natural variation in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), citrate synthase, and respiratory chain enzymatic activities in human neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, and naïve and memory T lymphocyte subtypes. In mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the same individuals, we show to what extent mitochondrial measures are confounded by both cell type distributions and contaminating platelets. Cell subtype-specific measures among women and men spanning four decades of life indicate potential age- and sex-related differences, including an age-related elevation in mtDNAcn, …

Neuropsychological Symptoms Related To The Covid-19 Pandemic Experienced By The General Population And Particularly By The Healthcare Personnel, Alina Zorina Stroe, Alexandru Floris Stuparu, Silviu Docu Axelerad, Daniel Docu Axelerad, Aurelia Moraru

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Undoubtedly, the outbreak of COVID-19 still represents an overanxious event for both society and population. The fear of getting infected is ubiquitous in the time of the pandemic. The population presented worrying thoughts related to the fact that the health care system was not able to provide enough services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of the hospital beds and ventilators was insufficient in order to ensure enough care, considering the increased number of COVID-19 cases that were admitted to the hospitals. Furthermore, people were fearful about the possibility of the global economy becoming decimated. The fright and also the …

Prion Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis, Jeffrey F. Spindel, Anita M. Fletcher, William T. Smith, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Human prion diseases are a group of rare encephalopathies resulting in rapidly progressive dementia and ultimately death. While there are no effective treatments for any form of prion disease, prompt and efficient diagnosis is essential to prevent the spread of the self-propagating protein, which may occur through aerosols, and avoid unnecessary or invasive testing. Diagnosis relies largely on physical examination, with many nonspecific findings, and laboratory testing, which has wide ranges of reported accuracy and high false positive rates with diseases such as Alzheimer’s dementia.

Methods: Patients who underwent testing for prion disease were retrospectively identified from the electronic …

Longitudinal Cognitive Performance Of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathological Subtypes, Madeline Uretsky, Laura E. Gibbons, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, Emily H. Trittschuh, David W. Fardo, Patricia A. Boyle, C. Dirk Keene, Andrew J. Saykin, Paul K. Crane, Julie A. Schneider, Jesse Mez

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological subtypes (limbic predominant [lpAD], hippocampal sparing [HpSpAD], and typical [tAD]), defined by relative neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden in limbic and cortical regions, have not been studied in prospectively characterized epidemiological cohorts with robust cognitive assessments.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-two participants with neuropathologically confirmed AD from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project were categorized by neuropathological subtype based on previously specified diagnostic criteria using quantitative regional NFT counts. Rates of cognitive decline were compared across subtypes using linear mixed-effects models that included subtype, time, and a subtype-time interaction as predictors and four cognitive …

Usability Of Abattoir-Acquired Pig Eyes For Refractive Excimer Laser Research, Marius Topka, Yao Zhang, Antonia Bock, Peter Riedel, Johannes Lörner, Alexander Hammer, Eva Maier, Friedrich Paulsen, Christian M Hammer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to elucidate, under which conditions abattoir-acquired pig eyes are suitable for refractive excimer laser experiments. Porcine eyes from tunnel-scalded (n = 5) and tank-scalded (n = 10) pigs were compared to unscalded eyes (n = 5) and to eyes scalded in the laboratory (n = 5). The corneal epithelium was removed before an excimer laser was used to perform a - 8.0 D photoablation. Corneal thickness was measured by optical coherence topography before and after photoablation. The ablation depth was determined with a contour measuring station, the morphology of the ablated areas was characterized …

Leveraging High-Resolution 7-Tesla Mri To Derive Quantitative Metrics For The Trigeminal Nerve And Subnuclei Of Limbic Structures In Trigeminal Neuralgia, Judy Alper, Alan C. Seifert, Gaurav Verma, Kuang-Han Huang, Yael Jacob, Ameen Al Qadi, John W. Rutland, Sheetal Patel, Joshua Bederson, Raj K. Shrivastava, Bradley N. Delman, Priti Balchandani

Publications and Research

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neurological disease that is strongly associated with neurovascular compression (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve near its root entry zone. The trigeminal nerve at the site of NVC has been extensively studied but limbic structures that are potentially involved in TN have not been adequately characterized. Specifically, the hippocampus is a stress-sensitive region which may be structurally impacted by chronic TN pain. As the center of the emotion-related network, the amygdala is closely related to stress regulation and may be associated with TN pain as well. The thalamus, which is involved in the trigeminal …

Scoping Review: The Empowerment Of Alzheimer’S Disease Caregivers With Mhealth Applications, Eunhee Kim, Andrius Baskys, Anandi V. Law, Moom R. Roosan, Yan Li, Don Roosan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative chronic diseases. As it progresses, patients become increasingly dependent, and their caregivers are burdened with the increasing demand for managing their care. Mobile health (mHealth) technology, such as smartphone applications, can support the need of these caregivers. This paper examines the published academic literature of mHealth applications that support the caregivers of AD patients. Following the PRISMA for scoping reviews, we searched published literature in five electronic databases between January 2014 and January 2021. Twelve articles were included in the final review. Six themes emerged based on the functionalities provided …

Apathy And Brain Atrophy During The First Year Of Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study, Gulnaz Kudoiarova

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Apathy, defined as disinterest and loss of motivation, is a common complication after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). The existing body of research in various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders suggests that apathetic symptoms may be associated with variation in the volume of the brain regions such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum. However, the longitudinal pattern of TBI-induced atrophy in these key regions and its relationship with apathy symptoms remain to be demonstrated. The current study aimed to describe the atrophy pattern in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc; part of ventral striatum) after …

Intra-Arterial Combination Therapy For Experimental Acute Ischemic Stroke, Michael E. Maniskas, Jill M. Roberts, Amanda A. Gorman, Gregory J. Bix, Justin F. Fraser

Neurosurgery Faculty Publications

Acute ischemic stroke continues to devastate millions of individuals worldwide. Current treatments work to restore blood flow but not rescue affected tissue. Our goal was to develop a combination of neuroprotective agents administered intra-arterially following recanalization to target ischemic tissue. Using C57Bl/6J male mice, we performed tandem transient ipsilateral middle cerebral/common carotid artery occlusion, followed by immediate intra-arterial pharmacotherapy administration through a standardized protocol. Two pharmacotherapy agents, verapamil and lubeluzole, were selected based on their potential to modulate different aspects of the ischemic cascade; verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, works in an acute fashion blocking L-type calcium channels, whereas lubeluzole, …

Microrna-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection And Prion Disease (Prd), Aileen I. Pogue, Walter J. Lukiw

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

The human brain and central nervous system (CNS) harbor a select sub-group of potentially pathogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), including a well-characterized NF-kB-sensitive Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miRNA-146a-5p (miRNA-146a). miRNA-146a is significantly over-expressed in progressive and often lethal viral- and prion-mediated and related neurological syndromes associated with progressive inflammatory neurodegeneration. These include ~18 different viral-induced encephalopathies for which data are available, at least ~10 known prion diseases (PrD) of animals and humans, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other sporadic and progressive age-related neurological disorders. Despite the apparent lack of nucleic acids in prions, both DNA- and RNA-containing viruses along with prions significantly induce miRNA-146a …

Dimensionality Reduction For Classification Of Object Weight From Electromyography, Elnaz Lashgari, Uri Maoz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Electromyography (EMG) is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective technology for measuring muscle activity. However, multi-muscle EMG is also a noisy, complex, and high-dimensional signal. It has nevertheless been widely used in a host of human-machine-interface applications (electrical wheelchairs, virtual computer mice, prosthesis, robotic fingers, etc.) and, in particular, to measure the reach-and-grasp motions of the human hand. Here, we developed an automated pipeline to predict object weight in a reach-grasp-lift task from an open dataset, relying only on EMG data. In doing so, we shifted the focus from manual feature-engineering to automated feature-extraction by using pre-processed EMG signals and thus …

Rsv-Induced Guillain–Barré Syndrome, Priyanga Jayakumar, Christe Shen, Dylan Goldsmith, Steven Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A patient with respiratory syncytial virus-induced Guillain–Barré Syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is presented. This virus is the most common cause of upper respiratory infections, and it can become an etiology for extra-pulmonary pathology with serious complications. Such a case is rare, but the possibility of adverse comorbidities makes early diagnosis and treatment important.

The Experience Of Off Periods In Parkinson’S Disease: Descriptions, Triggers, And Alleviating Factors, Sneha Mantri, Madeline Lepore, Briana Edison, Margaret Daeschler, Catherine Kopil, Connie Marras, Lana Chahine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Wearing off of Parkinson’s disease medication is common, but triggers and coping strategies for this transient phenomenon are poorly understood. We aimed to assess the lived experience of OFF periods for people with Parkinson’s disease.

Methods: Participants in the longitudinal Fox Insight study who endorsed OFF periods were invited to complete a survey consisting of both multiple-choice and free-text responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize multiple-choice responses, and free-text responses were classified into themes through iterative discussion by 3 movement disorders specialists.

Results: A total of 2110 participants (52.4% male) completed the survey. Tremor was the most common …

Smoking-Induced Sex Differences In Clinical Outcomes In Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy For Stroke, Jacqueline A. Frank, Kara Jo Swafford, Jill M. Roberts, Amanda L. Trout, Ann M. Stowe, Douglas E. Lukins, Stephen Grupke, Keith R. Pennypacker, Justin F. Fraser

Neurology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: Ischemic stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Smoking accelerates the onset of stroke by 10 years. The effects of smoking status on percent change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, infarct volume, and edema volume were examined following mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

METHODS: Subjects (N = 90; >18 years old) were divided into 3 groups based on smoking status: current smokers, previous smokers (defined as having quit >6 months before the ischemic event), and nonsmokers. Percent change in NIHSS score was …

Astrocyte-Derived Thrombospondin Induces Cortical Synaptogenesis In A Sex-Specific Manner, Anna Mazur, Ean H. Bills, Kayla M. Deschepper, James C. Williams, Brandon J. Henderson, W. Christopher Risher

Biomedical Sciences

The regulation of synaptic connectivity in the brain is vital to proper functioning and development of the CNS. Formation of neural networks in the CNS has been shown to be heavily influenced by astrocytes, which secrete factors, including thrombospondin (TSP) family proteins, that promote synaptogenesis. However, whether this process is different between males and females has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we found that cortical neurons purified from newborn male rats showed a significantly more robust synaptogenic response compared with female-derived cells when exposed to factors secreted from astrocytes. This difference was driven largely by the neuronal response …

What Internal Variables Affect Sensorimotor Rhythm Brain-Computer Interface (Smr-Bci) Performance?, Alex J. Horowitz, Christoph Guger, Milena Korostenskaja

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

In this review article, we aimed to create a summary of the effects of internal variables on the performance of sensorimotor rhythm-based brain computer interfaces (SMR-BCIs). SMR-BCIs can be potentially used for interfacing between the brain and devices, bypassing usual central nervous system output, such as muscle activity. The careful consideration of internal factors, affecting SMR-BCI performance, can maximize BCI application in both healthy and disabled people. Internal variables may be generalized as descriptors of the processes mainly dependent on the BCI user and/or originating within the user. The current review aimed to critically evaluate and summarize the currently accumulated …

What External Variables Affect Sensorimotor Rhythm Brain-Computer Interface (Smr-Bci) Performance?, Alex J. Horowitz, Christoph Guger, Milena Korostenskaja

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interfaces (SMR-BCIs) are used for the acquisition and translation of motor imagery-related brain signals into machine control commands, bypassing the usual central nervous system output. The selection of optimal external variable configuration can maximize SMR-BCI performance in both healthy and disabled people. This performance is especially important now when the BCI is targeted for everyday use in the environment beyond strictly regulated laboratory settings. In this review article, we summarize and critically evaluate the current body of knowledge pertaining to the effect of the external variables on SMR-BCI performance. When assessing the relationship between SMR-BCI performance and …

Reduced Mitochondrial Dna And Oxphos Protein Content In Skeletal Muscle Of Children With Cerebral Palsy, Ferdinand Von Walden, Ivan J. Vechetti Jr., Davis A. Englund, Vandré C. Figueiredo, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Kevin A. Murach, Jessica Pingel, John J. Mccarthy, Per Stål, Eva Pontén

Physiology Faculty Publications

AIM: To provide a detailed gene and protein expression analysis related to mitochondrial biogenesis and assess mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHOD: Biceps brachii muscle samples were collected from 19 children with CP (mean [SD] age 15y 4mo [2y 6mo], range 9-18y, 16 males, three females) and 10 typically developing comparison children (mean [SD] age 15y [4y], range 7-21y, eight males, two females). Gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to genomic DNA ratio (quantitative PCR), and protein abundance (western blotting) were analyzed. Microarray data sets (CP/aging/bed rest) were …