Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons^™

The Role Of Top-Down Appetite Self-Regulation In The Development Of Healthy Eating Behaviors Among Children: A Narrative Review And Socialization Framework, David J Bridgett, Sheryl O Hughes, Matthew Broussard, Daniela Mccourt, Christina M Croce, Jennifer O Fisher

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Appetite self-regulation (ASR) among children is thought to have a fundamental role in shaping the development of healthy eating behaviors, dietary intake, and growth during childhood. Parallel to developmental frameworks for understanding "general" self-regulation among children, ASR has been described as involving children's use of "top-down" cognitive processes to moderate "bottom-up" biological drives around food approach and avoidance in the interest of achieving desired eating behaviors or outcomes. Whereas bottom-up ASR processes during early childhood are well characterized, particularly in the context of dysregulation and obesity risk, the role of top-down ASR processes in the development of healthy eating behaviors …

Pre- And Postnatal Exposure To Pm2.5 And No2 And Blood Pressure In Children: Results From The Echo Cohort, Yu Ni, Andrew Law, Xingyu Gao, Adam A Szpiro, Christine T Loftus, Miranda Jones, Logan C Dearborn, Marnie F Hazlehurst, Allison R Sherris, Sindana Ilango, Kaja Z Lewinn, Nicole R Bush, Qi Zhao, Leonardo Trasande, Joseph T Flynn, Daniel A Enquobahrie, Ruby H N Nguyen, Tom O'Connor, Arpita K Vyas, Mingyu Zhang, Hooman Mirzakhani, Alison Hipwell, Anne Starling, Alicia K Peterson, Akhgar Ghassabian, Assiamira Ferrara, Judy Aschner, Scott Collingwood, Margaret R Karagas, Michelle Katzow, Annemarie Stroustrup, Mehtap Haktnair, Tina V Hartert, Brittney M Snyder, Sophia Jan, Anne Marie Singh, Dana Dabelea, Angela M Malek, Jennifer K Straughen, Carlos A Camargo, Miatta A Buxton, Rosalind Wright, Kecia Carroll, Keia Sanderson, Daphne Koinis Mitchell, Viren D'Sa, Christine Hockett, Anne L Dunlop, Shohreh F Farzen, Sunni L Mumford, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Hudson P Santos, Xueying Zhang, Zhongzheng Niu, Nan Ji, Carrie Breton, Donghai Liang, Catherine J Karr, Echo Cohort Consortium

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: There is growing interest in understanding the link between early life exposures to ambient air pollution and childhood blood pressure; however, existing findings, largely from single site/cohort studies, are inconclusive.

Methods: We examined the association between exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and blood pressure measured at age 5-12 years in 4863 U.S. children from 20 pregnancy cohorts of the NIH ECHO cohort. Point-based residential exposures were derived from spatiotemporal models with a biweekly resolution and averaged over each trimester, the whole pregnancy, and child age 0-2 years. We converted systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood …

Performance Of An Automated Sleep Scoring Approach For Actigraphy Data In Children And Adolescents, Pin-Wei Chen, Erica C Jansen, Christopher M Cielo, Ariel A Williamson, Margaret Banker, Michael Kaye, Peter X K Song, Karen E Peterson, Alejandra Cantoral, Martha María Téllez-Rojo, Cathy Goldstein, Khadija Zanna, Akane Sano, Jennette P Moreno, Heidi Kalkwarf, Babette S Zemel, Jonathan A Mitchell

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Study objectives: GGIR is an R package for processing raw acceleration data to estimate sleep health parameters. We aimed to (1) assess the performance of three sleep algorithms within GGIR against PSG for detecting sleep/wake in clinically referred, typically-developing children (criterion validity); and (2) describe GGIR-derived sleep estimates from typically developing children enrolled in multiple cohort studies (face validity).

Methods: For criterion evaluation, children (8-16 years, N = 30) wore an actigraphy device for one night during in-lab polysomnography with performance assessed using epoch-by-epoch analyses. For face validity evaluation, four community/free living datasets were used: (1) Bone Mineral Accretion in …

Global Dna Methylation Differences Involving Germline Structural Variation Impact Gene Expression In Pediatric Brain Tumors, Fengju Chen, Yiqun Zhang, Wei Li, Fritz J Sedlazeck, Lanlan Shen, Chad J Creighton

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The extent of genetic variation and its influence on gene expression across multiple tissue and cellular contexts is still being characterized, with germline Structural Variants (SVs) being historically understudied. DNA methylation also represents a component of normal germline variation across individuals. Here, we combine germline SVs (by short-read sequencing) with tumor DNA methylation across 1292 pediatric brain tumor patients. For thousands of methylation probes for CpG Islands (CGIs) or enhancers, rare and common SV breakpoints upstream or downstream associate with differential methylation in tumors spanning various histologic types, a significant subset involving genes with SV-associated differential expression. Cancer predisposition genes …

Telehealth Is Effective In The Evaluation Of Individuals With Undiagnosed Rare Disorders: An Undiagnosed Diseases Network Study, Queenie K-G Tan, Allyn Mcconkie-Rosell, Rachel Mahoney, Rebecca C Spillmann, Kelly Schoch, Sirisak Chanprasert, Maria T Acosta, Camilo Toro, Jill A Rosenfeld, James P Orengo, Daryl A Scott, Jorge L Granadillo, Kathleen Sisco, Daniel J Wegner, Mustafa Tekin, Stephanie Bivona, Léshon Peart, Lance Rodan, Devon Bonner, Matthew T Wheeler, Jonathan A Bernstein, Maura Ruzhnikov, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, David R Adams, Fuki M Hisama, Vandana Shashi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Patients with undiagnosed and/or rare disorders frequently manifest dysmorphic and neurological features. There is a lack of information on the effectiveness of telehealth in the evaluation of these disorders. We thus compared an unassisted virtual physical examination (PE) with an in-person PE in undiagnosed individuals and also assessed participant telehealth satisfaction. Twenty-six individuals enrolled in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network study underwent an in-home synchronous virtual PE, and a subsequent in-person PE, by the same clinician. The participants completed surveys on telehealth usability and provider empathy. On PE, general appearance and craniofacial features showed near perfect agreement (κ = 0.81-1.00) between …

Exploring Profiles Of Fathers Integrating Food And Physical Activity Parenting Practices, John A Jimenez-Garcia, Louise C Mâsse, Robert L Newton, Salma M Musaad, Alicia Beltran, Teresia M O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: This study aims to identify fathers' profiles integrating food parenting practices (FPP) and physical activity parenting practices (PAPP).

Design: We analysed cross-sectional data. The fathers completed the reduced FPP and PAPP item banks and socio-demographic and family dynamics (co-parenting and household responsibility) questionnaires. We identified fathers' profiles via latent profile analysis. We explored the influence of social determinants, child characteristics and family dynamics on fathers' profiles using multinomial logistic regression.

Setting: Online survey in the USA.

Participants: Fathers of 5-11-year-old children.

Results: We analysed data from 606 fathers (age = 38 ± 8·0; Hispanic = 37·5 %). Most fathers …

Prediction Models Of Basal Energy Expenditure In Children And Adolescents Across The Bmi Spectrum Based On Room Calorimetry: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study, Maurice Puyau, Roman Shypailo, Nancy F Butte, Salma Musaad, Fida Bacha

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Existing equations for prediction of basal energy expenditure (BEE) may not be accurate in children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB).

Objectives: We aimed to develop BEE prediction equations applicable to children and adolescents across a wide BMI spectrum using gold standard room calorimetry.

Methods: We measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body composition (DXA), and BEE (whole room calorimetry) in a cross-sectional cohort of 1155 healthy children, 5-19 years of age. 67% of the males and 51% of the females were classified as OW/OB. We applied multiple linear regression analyses to develop BEE prediction models for each sex. …

Association Between Maternal Stress And Child Sleep Quality: A Nationwide Echo Prospective Cohort Study, Sarah Dee Geiger, Aruna Chandran, Marie L Churchill, Maxwell Mansolf, Cai Zhang, Salma Musaad, Courtney K Blackwell, Stephanie M Eick, Dana E Goin, Susan Korrick, Akram Alshawabkeh, Patricia A Brennan, Carrie V Breton, Jose F Cordero, Sean Deoni, Viren D'Sa, Anne L Dunlop, Amy J Elliott, Assiamira Ferrara, Arlene Keddie, Monique Lebourgeois, Kaja Z Lewinn, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Maristella Lucchini, Sara S Nozadi, Thomas O'Connor, Yeyi Zhu, Emily Zimmerman, Susan L Schantz

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Childhood sleep quality is associated with physical, cognitive, and behavioral health and predicts later sleep quality; it has many determinants, including developmental exposures.

Objectives: To examine associations between maternal stress during pregnancy and childhood sleep quality and determine whether postnatal stress mediates the association.

Method: Data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort were used. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) T-scores were the exposure measure. Outcome measures were preschool Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sleep syndrome scale and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Parent Proxy short form 4a (PSD4a) T-scores at ages 4-8 years. Linear mixed-effects regression …

Characterizing Fermentable Carbohydrate Foods In The Diets Of Children With Abdominal Pain-Related Disorders Of Gut-Brain Interaction And Healthy Children, Vishnu Narayana, Jocelyn Chang, Ann R Mcmeans, Tasha Murphy, Rona L Levy, Robert J Shulman, Bruno P Chumpitazi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objectives: Restricting dietary fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) can alleviate symptoms in children with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Due to the restrictions of a low FODMAP diet (LFD), a less restrictive FODMAP Gentle diet (FGD) has been suggested. However, the types and amounts of high FODMAP foods and carbohydrates commonly consumed by children have not been studied. We aimed to identify the high FODMAP foods and proportions of FODMAP carbohydrates consumed by children with DGBI and healthy children (HC) and to determine which usually ingested FODMAPs would be restricted on the FGD.

Methods: Three-day diet records from …

Risk Factors For Executive Functioning Development In Preschool Children With Type 1 Diabetes, Victoria L. Ledsham

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Links between Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and decreased cognitive functioning in children are well documented, but research on executive functioning (EF) in this population is more limited. Multiple T1D-related risk factors (e.g., hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycemic variability, diabetic ketoacidosis) for EF have been established throughout the literature, but their individual effects have been difficult to determine given their interrelated nature. In result, cumulative risk has been proposed as a more robust predictor of EF differences in children with T1D. Moreover, despite the importance of early T1D onset as a risk factor for EF impairment, no studies have previously investigated EF in …

Predictive Equation Derived From 6,497 Doubly Labelled Water Measurements Enables The Detection Of Erroneous Self-Reported Energy Intake, Rania Bajunaid, Chaoqun Niu, Catherine Hambly, Zongfang Liu, Yosuke Yamada, Heliodoro Aleman-Mateo, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Linda Bandini, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Carlijn V C Bouten, Soren Brage, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Regina Casper, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S W Davies, Prasangi Dabare, Lara R Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Hinke H Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Rebecca Kuriyan, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, Pulani Lanerolle, Christel L Larsson, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Marie Löf, Corby K Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C Medin, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Aviva Must, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Christine D Nyström, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, John J Reilly, Rebecca Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Dulani Samaranayakem, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Anders M Sjödin, Marina Stamatiou, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar G A H Van Mil, George Wilson, Jack A Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Srishti Sinha, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, John R Speakman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years. The resultant regression equation predicts expected TEE from easily acquired variables, such as body weight, age and sex, with 95% predictive limits that can be used …

Phenotypic And Genetic Heterogeneity Of A Pakistani Cohort Of 15 Consanguineous Families Segregating Variants In Leber Congenital Amaurosis-Associated Genes, Zainab Akhtar, Sumaira Altaf, Yumei Li, Sana Bibi, Jamal Shah, Kiran Afshan, Meng Wang, Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain, Nadeem Qureshi, Rui Chen, Sabika Firasat

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a congenital onset severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) and a common cause of pediatric blindness. Disease-causing variants in at least 14 genes are reported to predispose LCA phenotype. LCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease. It can be an isolated eye disorder or as part of a syndrome, such as Senior Loken or Joubert syndrome. Sequencing studies from consanguineous populations have proven useful for novel variants identification; thus, the present study aimed to explore the genetic heterogeneity of 15 consanguineous Pakistani families, each segregating a severe IRD phenotype using targeted next …

Validation Studies Of The Flash-Tv System To Passively Measure Children’S Tv Viewing, Anil Kumar Vadathya, Tatyana Garza, Uzair Alam, Alex Ho, Salma M A Musaad, Alicia Beltran, Jennette P Moreno, Tom Baranowski, Nimah Haidar, Sheryl O Hughes, Jason A Mendoza, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Joseph Young, Akane Sano, Teresia M O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

TV viewing is associated with health risks, but existing measures of TV viewing are imprecise due to relying on self-report. We developed the Family Level Assessment of Screen use in the Home (FLASH)-TV, a machine learning pipeline with state-of-the-art computer vision methods to measure children's TV viewing. In three studies, lab pilot (n = 10), lab validation (n = 30), and home validation (n = 20), we tested the validity of FLASH-TV 3.0 in task-based protocols which included video observations of children for 60 min. To establish a gold-standard to compare FLASH-TV output, the videos were labeled by trained staff …

Cutaneous Adverse Effects From Diabetes Devices In Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review, Alicia Podwojniak, Joseph Flemming, Isabella J Tan, Hira Ghani, Zachary Neubauer, Anne Jones

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSIIs) are the current standard treatment devices for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. With a high prevalence of T1D beginning in pediatrics and carrying into adulthood, insufficient glycemic control leads to poor patient outcomes. Dermatologic complications such as contact dermatitis, lipodystrophies, and inflammatory lesions are among those associated with CGM and CSII, which reduce glycemic control and patient compliance.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to explore the current literature surrounding dermatologic complications of CGM and CSII as well as the impact on patient outcomes.

METHODS: A systematic review of the …

Cohort Expansion And Genotype-Phenotype Analysis Of Rab11a-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Maria Carla Borroto, Heena Patel, Siddharth Srivastava, Lindsay C Swanson, Boris Keren, Sandra Whalen, Cyril Mignot, Xiaodong Wang, Qian Chen, Jill A Rosenfeld, Scott Mclean, Rebecca O Littlejohn, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Lisa Emrick, Lindsay C Burrage, Ruben Attali, Gaetan Lesca, Cecile Acquaviva-Bourdain, Catherine Sarret, Laurie H Seaver, Konrad Platzer, Tobias Bartolomaeus, Cornelia Wünsch, Susann Fischer, Ana Maria Rodriguez Barreto, Jorge L Granadillo, Elisabeth Schreiner, Theresa Brunet, Ulrich A Schatz, Isabelle Thiffault, Sureni V Mullegama, Jacques L Michaud, Fadi F Hamdan, Elsa Rossignol, Philippe M Campeau

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: GTPases of the Rab family are important orchestrators of membrane trafficking, and their dysregulation has been linked to a variety of neuropathologies. In 2017, we established a causal link between RAB11A variants and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. In this study, we expand the phenotype of RAB11A-associated neurodevelopmental disorder and explore genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods: We assessed 16 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic RAB11A variants, generally de novo, heterozygous missense variants. One individual had a homozygous nonsense variant, although concomitant with a pathogenic LAMA2 variant, which made their respective contributions to the phenotype difficult to discriminate.

Results: We reinforce the …

The Undiagnosed Diseases Network: Characteristics Of Solvable Applicants And Diagnostic Suggestions For Nonaccepted Ones, John J Mulvihill, Laura Findley, Weihong Ni, Janet S Sinsheimer, F Session Cole, Cecilia Esteves, Jonathan A Bernstein, John H Newman, Matthew T Wheeler, Jill R Mokry, Undiagnosed Diseases Network

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: Can certain characteristics identify as solvable some undiagnosed patients who seek extensive evaluation and thorough record review, such as by the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN)?

Methods: The UDN is a national research resource to solve medical mysteries through team science. Applicants provide informed consent to access to their medical records. After review, expert panels assess if applicants meet inclusion and exclusion criteria to select participants. When not accepting applicants, UDN experts may offer suggestions for diagnostic efforts. Using minimal information from initial applications, we compare features in applicants who are not accepted with those who are accepted and either …

Unraveling The Link: Seizure Characteristics And Ammonia Levels In Urea Cycle Disorder During Hyperammonemic Crises, Mongkol Chanvanichtrakool, John M Schreiber, Wei-Liang Chen, John Barber, Anqing Zhang, Nicholas Ah Mew, Andreas Schulze, Greta Wilkening, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Andrea Gropman, Urea Cycle Disease Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: This retrospective clinical study performed at a single clinical center aimed to identify the prevalence of seizures in individuals with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) with and without hyperammonemic (HA) crises. In addition, we sought to correlate the utility of biochemical markers and electroencephalography (EEG) in detecting subclinical seizures during HA.

Methods: Medical records of individuals with UCDs enrolled in Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium Longitudinal Study (UCDC-LS) (NCT00237315) at Children's National Hospital between 2006 and 2022 were reviewed for evidence of clinical and subclinical seizuress during HA crises, and initial biochemical levels concurrently.

Results: Eighty-five individuals with UCD …

Urban-Rural Disparities In Food Insecurity And Weight Status Among Children In The United States, Jayna M Dave, Tzuan A Chen, Alexandra N Castro, Mamie A White, Elizabeth A Onugha, Sloane Zimmerman, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Place of residence (urban versus rural) is a contextual determinant of health that has received less attention in the food insecurity literature. The purpose of this study was to assess the urban–rural disparity in the prevalence of food insecurity and weight status among US children. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 with three age groups of children (2–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years old), the associations of weight status and child and household food security status by urban–rural residence were examined using Rao–Scott Chi-square tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Children living in urban areas were significantly more likely to experience household food insecurity (29.15%) compared to their rural counterparts (19.10%), among those aged 6–11 years. The associations between children’s weight status and child and household food security status were significant for children living in urban areas overall and different age groups but not for children living in rural areas. These trends were more pronounced in older age groups. Given the link between food insecurity and higher obesity rates, particularly among urban children, this study highlights the importance of incorporating food security interventions into future obesity prevention programs.

Severity-Adjusted Evaluation Of Initial Dialysis On Short-Term Health Outcomes In Urea Cycle Disorders, Matthias Zielonka, Stefan Kölker, Sven F Garbade, Florian Gleich, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Andrea L Gropman, Ann-Catrin Druck, Nesrine Ramdhouni, Laura Göde, Georg F Hoffmann, Roland Posset, Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (Ucdc)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: In individuals with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) and neonatal disease onset, extracorporeal detoxification by continuous kidney replacement therapy is considered the therapeutic method of choice in addition to metabolic emergency treatment to resolve hyperammonemic decompensation. However, the indications for the initiation of dialysis are heterogeneously implemented transnationally, thereby hampering our understanding of (optimal) short-term health outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective comparative analysis evaluating the therapeutic effects of initial dialysis on survival as well as neurocognitive outcome parameters in individuals with UCDs in comparison to a severity-adjusted non-dialyzed control cohort. Overall, 108 individuals with a severe phenotype of male …

Gastrointestinal Infections Modulate The Risk For Insulin Autoantibodies As The First-Appearing Autoantibody In The Teddy Study, Maria Lönnrot, Kristian F Lynch, Marian Rewers, Åke Lernmark, Kendra Vehik, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Jeffrey Krischer, Rickhard A Mcindoe, Jorma Toppari, Anette-G Ziegler, Joseph F Petrosino, Richard Lloyd, Heikki Hyöty, Teddy Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gastrointestinal infection episodes (GIEs) in relation to the appearance of islet autoantibodies in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: GIEs on risk of autoantibodies against either insulin (IAA) or GAD (GADA) as the first-appearing autoantibody were assessed in a 10-year follow-up of 7,867 children. Stool virome was characterized in a nested case-control study.

RESULTS: GIE reports (odds ratio [OR] 2.17 [95% CI 1.39-3.39]) as well as Norwalk viruses found in stool (OR 5.69 [1.36-23.7]) at(OR 0.48 [0.35-0.68]). GIE reports at any other age were associated with an increase in …

One Cluster Per Condition Is Not A Valid Design In Cluster-Randomized Trials Comment On Wang Et Al The Effect Of Different Physical Exercise Programs On Physical Fitness Among Preschool Children: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023, 20, 4254, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Armando Pena, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Andrew W Brown, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Wang et al. [...].

Twelve-Month Psychosocial Outcomes Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Behavioural Support In Parents Of Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes, Persis V Commissariat, Linda A Dimeglio, Lauren G Kanapka, Lori M Laffel, Kellee M Miller, Barbara J Anderson, Marisa E Hilliard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIM: Managing type 1 diabetes in young children can cause significant stress for parents. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may reduce parental burden. The Strategies to Enhance CGM Use in Early Childhood (SENCE) trial randomized parents of children (ages 2 to <8 >years) with type 1 diabetes to CGM with family behavioural intervention (CGM + FBI), CGM alone (Standard-CGM) or blood glucose monitoring for 26 weeks before receiving CGM + FBI (BGM-Crossover). This report assesses changes in psychosocial outcomes for all groups over 52 weeks.

METHODS: CGM + FBI (n = 45), Standard-CGM (n = 42) and BGM-Crossover (n = 44) participants …

Satisfaction With Participation In The First Steps Behavioral Intervention: Experiences Of Parents Of Young Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes, Marissa N Baudino, Hailey Inverso, Christine Wang, Carrie Tully, Wendy Levy, Lauren Clary, Katherine A Gallagher, Maureen Monaghan, Randi Streisand, Marisa E Hilliard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Parents of young children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) often experience significant distress and struggle with T1D management during a challenging developmental stage. The First STEPS (Study of Type 1 in Early childhood and Parenting Support) trial evaluated a stepped-care behavioral intervention comprising increasingly intensive intervention steps (peer parent coach, cognitive-behavioral counseling, consultations with diabetes educator and psychologist) based on need. The intervention improved parental depressive symptoms compared to usual care. Subsequently, we examined parent satisfaction with the intervention to guide potential implementation and refinement for future trials.

METHODS: Participants were 157 parents of young children newly diagnosed …

Long-Term Continuous Glucose Monitor Use In Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: One-Year Results From The Sence Study, Michelle A Van Name, Lauren G Kanapka, Linda A Dimeglio, Kellee M Miller, Anastasia Albanese-O'Neill, Persis Commissariat, Sarah D Corathers, Kara R Harrington, Marisa E Hilliard, Barbara J Anderson, Jennifer C Kelley, Lori M Laffel, Sarah A Macleish, Brandon M Nathan, William V Tamborlane, R Paul Wadwa, Steven M Willi, Kristen M Williams, Kupper A Wintergerst, Stephanie Woerner, Jenise C Wong, Daniel J Desalvo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Achieving optimal glycemic outcomes in young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is challenging. This study examined the durability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) coupled with a family behavioral intervention (FBI) to improve glycemia.

STUDY DESIGN: This one-year study included an initial 26-week randomized controlled trial of CGM with FBI (CGM+FBI) and CGM alone (Standard-CGM) compared with blood glucose monitoring (BGM), followed by a 26-week extension phase wherein the BGM Group received the CGM+FBI (BGM-Crossover) and both original CGM groups continued this technology.

RESULTS: Time in range (70-180 mg/dL) did not improve with …

Parent Perspectives Of School/Daycare Experiences In Young Children Newly Diagnosed With Diabetes, Alexa Stern, Brenda Duran, Randi Streisand, Christine H Wang, Carrie Tully, Lauren Clary, Katherine Gallagher, Fran Cogen, Lefkothea Karaviti, Maureen Monaghan, Marisa E Hilliard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: A central part of family adjustment to a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is integrating T1D management into the child's school/daycare. This may be particularly challenging for young children who rely on adults for their diabetes management. This study aimed to describe parent experiences with school/daycare during the first 1.5 years following a young child's T1D diagnosis.

METHODS: As part of a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention, 157 parents of young children with new-onset (<2 >months) T1D reported on their child's school/daycare experience at baseline and at 9- and 15-month post-randomization. We used a mixed-methods …

Cognitive Function Following Diabetic Ketoacidosis In Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes, Simona Ghetti, Nathan Kuppermann, Arleta Rewers, Sage R Myers, Jeff E Schunk, Michael J Stoner, Aris Garro, Kimberly S Quayle, Kathleen M Brown, Jennifer L Trainor, Leah Tzimenatos, Andrew D Depiero, Julie K Mcmanemy, Lise E Nigrovic, Maria Y Kwok, Cody S Olsen, T Charles Casper, Nicole S Glaser, Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (Pecarn) Dka Fluid Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be at particularly high risk of cognitive decline following diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, studies of cognitive functioning in T1D typically examine school-age children. The goal of this study was to examine whether a single experience of DKA is associated with lower cognitive functioning in young children. We found that recently diagnosed 3- to 5-year-olds who experienced one DKA episode, regardless of its severity, exhibited lower IQ scores than those with no DKA exposure.

METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 46 3- to 5-year-old children, who presented with DKA at the onset of T1D, …

Psychosocial, Medical, And Demographic Variables Associated With Parent Mealtime Behavior In Young Children Recently Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes, Caroline Gonynor, Christine Wang, Carrie Tully, Maureen Monaghan, Randi Streisand, Marisa E Hilliard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Managing young children's mealtime concerns can be challenging after type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis because of developmental factors and diabetes management demands. To identify potential intervention targets, we evaluated medical, psychosocial, and demographic factors in relation to parents' engagement in problem mealtime behaviors (e.g., pressure to eat, restriction).

METHOD: Parents (N = 157) of young children (age 1-6 years) reported on psychosocial variables (parent fear of hypoglycemia, family functioning, parent problem solving, and parents' problem mealtime behavior frequency and perceptions of being problematic) within 2 months after T1D diagnosis. Hierarchical regression analyses examined associations among psychosocial variables, demographics (child …

Milder Loss Of Insulin-Containing Islets In Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes And Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Tcf7l2 Genetic Variants, Maria J Redondo, Sarah J Richardson, Daniel Perry, Charles G Minard, Alice L J Carr, Todd Brusko, Irina Kusmartseva, Alberto Pugliese, Mark A Atkinson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TCF7L2 variants are the strongest genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, these variants are associated with a higher C-peptide AUC, a lower glucose AUC during an OGTT, single autoantibody positivity near diagnosis, particularly in individuals older than 12 years of age, and a lower frequency of type 1 diabetes-associated HLA genotypes. Based on initial observations from clinical cohorts, we tested the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes-predisposing TCF7L2 genetic variants are associated with a higher percentage of residual insulin-containing cells (ICI%) in pancreases of donors with type 1 diabetes, by examining genomic data …

Incidence Of An Insulin-Requiring Hyperglycemic Syndrome In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Young Individuals: Is It Type 1 Diabetes?, Massimo Pietropaolo, Peter Hotez, Nick Giannoukakis

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Pancreatic ACE2 receptor expression, together with increased prevalence of insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggested that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pancreatic infection might trigger a β-cell-selective inflammation precipitating autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We examined T1D incidence in patients with COVID-19 inside a large, global population using a "big data" approach. The incidence in 0-30-year-old patients with confirmed COVID-19 over an ∼15-month period from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared with an age-matched population without COVID-19 inside the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network (>80 million deidentified patient electronic medical records globally). …

Variation In Human Water Turnover Associated With Environmental And Lifestyle Factors, Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E T Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, William E Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, John J Reilly, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack A Yanovski, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A Schoeller, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lack access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5,604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 26 countries using isotope tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People in countries with low human development index (HDI) …