Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons^™

Pediatric Growth Patterns In Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications For Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models., Chelsea M. Hosey, Kelsee Halpin, Valentina Shakhnovich, Chengpeng Bi, Brooke Sweeney, Yun Yan, J Steven Leeder

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

An accurate understanding of the changes in height and weight of children with age is critical to the development of models predicting drug concentrations in children (i.e., physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models). However, curves describing the growth of a typical population of children may not accurately characterize growth of children with various conditions, such as obesity. Therefore, to develop height and weight versus age growth curves for youth who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, we extracted data from electronic medical records. Robust nonlinear models were parameterized to the equations describing height and weight versus age as defined by the Centers for …

An Objective System For Quantitative Assessment Of Television Viewing Among Children (Family Level Assessment Of Screen Use In The Home-Television): System Development Study, Anil Kumar Vadathya, Salma Musaad, Alicia Beltran, Oriana Perez, Leo Meister, Tom Baranowski, Sheryl O Hughes, Jason A Mendoza, Ashutosh Sabharwal, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Teresia O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Television viewing among children is associated with developmental and health outcomes, yet measurement techniques for television viewing are prone to errors, biases, or both.

Objective: This study aims to develop a system to objectively and passively measure children's television viewing time.

Methods: The Family Level Assessment of Screen Use in the Home-Television (FLASH-TV) system includes three sequential algorithms applied to video data collected in front of a television screen: face detection, face verification, and gaze estimation. A total of 21 families of diverse race and ethnicity were enrolled in 1 of 4 design studies to train the algorithms and …

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals And Breast Cancer: Disparities In Exposure And Importance Of Research Inclusivity, Ashlie Santaliz Casiano, Annah Lee, Dede Teteh, Zeynep Madak Erdogan, Lindsey Trevino

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known contributors to breast cancer development. EDC exposures commonly occur through food packaging, cookware, fabrics, and personal care products as well as through the environment. Increasing evidence highlights disparities in EDC exposure across racial/ethnic groups, yet breast cancer research continues to lack the inclusion necessary to positively impact treatment response and overall survival in these socially disadvantaged populations. Additionally, the inequity in environmental exposures has yet to be remedied. Exposure to EDCs due to structural racism poses an unequivocal risk to marginalized communities. In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological and molecular studies on two lesser-studied …

Body Mass Index And Diabetes Mellitus May Predict Poorer Overall Survival Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort From A Tertiary-Care Center Of A Resource-Limited Country, Yumna Adnan, Syed Muhammad Adnan Ali, Mohammad Sohail Awan, Nida Zahid, Muhammad Ozair Awan, Hammad Afzal Kayani, Hasnain Ahmed Farooqui

Department of Surgery Docs

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the highest-ranking cancers among both genders in Pakistan. Obesity is linked to a much higher risk for developing multiple cancer types. Individuals with Diabetes mellitus (DM) face an increased risk for developing oral cancer. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the effect of obesity and DM on the prognosis of OSCC patients.
Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 386 patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patient information was obtained from hospital medical records. Obesity was defined as having …

Maternal Low Protein Diet And Fetal Programming Of Lean Type 2 Diabetes, Vidyadharan Alukkal Vipin, Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson, Chandra Yallampalli

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Maternal nutrition is found to be the key factor that determines fetal health in utero and metabolic health during adulthood. Metabolic diseases have been primarily attributed to impaired maternal nutrition during pregnancy, and impaired nutrition has been an immense issue across the globe. In recent years, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportion and is a severe public health problem in many countries. Although plenty of research has already been conducted to tackle T2D which is associated with obesity, little is known regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2D, a variant of T2D. Recent studies have focused on …

Glynac (Glycine And N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation In Mice Increases Length Of Life By Correcting Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Abnormalities In Mitophagy And Nutrient Sensing, And Genomic Damage, Premranjan Kumar, Ob W Osahon, Rajagopal V Sekhar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Determinants of length of life are not well understood, and therefore increasing lifespan is a challenge. Cardinal theories of aging suggest that oxidative stress (OxS) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the aging process, but it is unclear if they could also impact lifespan. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, protects cells from OxS and is necessary for maintaining mitochondrial health, but GSH levels decline with aging. Based on published human studies where we found that supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) improved/corrected GSH deficiency, OxS and mitochondrial dysfunction, we hypothesized that GlyNAC supplementation could increase longevity. We tested our hypothesis …

Pufa Ω-3 And Ω-6 Biomarkers And Sleep: A Pooled Analysis Of Cohort Studies On Behalf Of The Fatty Acids And Outcomes Research Consortium (Force), Rachel A Murphy, Nathan Tintle, William S Harris, Maryam Darvishian, Matti Marklund, Jyrki K Virtanen, Sari Hantunen, Vanessa D De Mello, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jaana Lindström, Matthew A Bolt, Ingeborg A Brouwer, Alexis C Wood, Mackenzie Senn, Susan Redline, Michael Y Tsai, Vilmundur Gudnason, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Eva Lindberg, Aladdin H Shadyab, Buyun Liu, Mercedes Carnethon, Matti Uusitupa, Luc Djousse, Ulf Risérus, Lars Lind, Rob M Van Dam, Woon-Puay Koh, Peilin Shi, David Siscovick, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Dariush Mozaffarian

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have physiologic roles in sleep processes, but little is known regarding circulating n-3 and n-6 PUFA and sleep parameters.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess associations between biomarkers of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake with self-reported sleep duration and difficulty falling sleeping in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium.

METHODS: Harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses were performed and pooled across 12 cohorts. Participants were 35-96 y old and from 5 nations. Circulating measures included α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, EPA + DPA + DHA, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Sleep duration (10 …

Implementing A Telephone Follow-Up Process For Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Nurse-Led Quality Improvement Project, Amber Gomes

DNP Projects

Background: Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in America with approximately 1.5 million people diagnosed yearly (ADA, 2020). The current problem in the practice setting is the lack of follow-up of patients with hemoglobin A1c’s (HbA1c’s) 9% or greater. The current workflow utilizes care coordinators to perform patient outreach to patients with diabetes and a HbA1c of 9% or greater. This workflow is not structured and consists of randomly selecting a patient with a HbA1c 9% or greater and placing one phone call to them to provide education.

Purpose: The purpose of the project was to develop and …

Teen Reactions To A Self-Representational Avatar: A Qualitative Exploration, Emily Baysden, Ninna Mendoza, Chishinga Callender, Zhigang Deng, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose: This research presents findings from a qualitative exploration of the reactions of adolescents (12-14 years old) to navigating an exergame with an avatar created from multiple scans of the player (referred to as a self-representational avatar).

Methods: Post-gameplay interviews were conducted with adolescents following participation in a 20-min laboratory session (21.2 ± 0.8 min, mean ± SD) where the self-representational avatar was navigated through an exergame. Verbatim transcripts (n = 40) were coded and analyzed by 2 independent coders using hybrid thematic analysis for this secondary data analysis. Codes were reviewed to identify themes representing adolescents' reactions.

Results: Four …

Prolonged Glycemic Adaptation Following Transition From A Low- To High-Carbohydrate Diet: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial, Lisa T Jansen, Nianlan Yang, Julia M W Wong, Tapan Mehta, David B Allison, David S Ludwig, Cara B Ebbeling

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Consuming ≥150 g/day carbohydrate is recommended for 3 days before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes diagnosis. For evaluation of this recommendation, time courses of glycemic changes following transition from a very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) to high-carbohydrate diet were assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Research design and methods: After achieving a weight loss target of 15% (±3%) on the run-in VLC diet, participants (18-50 years old, BMI ≥27 kg/m2) were randomly assigned for 10 weeks to one of three isoenergetic diets: VLC (5% carbohydrate and 77% fat); high carbohydrate, high starch (HC-Starch) (57% carbohydrate and 25% fat, including …

Evaluation Of The Type I Error Rate When Using Parametric Bootstrap Analysis Of A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial With Binary Outcomes And A Small Number Of Clusters, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie L Dickinson, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Roger S Zoh, Andrew W Brown, Arthur H Owora, Peng Li, J Michael Oakes, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) are increasingly used but must be analyzed carefully. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the validity of a parametric bootstrap (PB) approach with respect to the empirical type I error rate for a cRCT with binary outcomes and a small number of clusters.

Methods: We simulated a case study with a binary (0/1) outcome, four clusters, and 100 subjects per cluster. To compare the validity of the test with respect to error rate, we simulated the same experiment with K=10, 20, and 30 clusters, each with 2,000 simulated datasets. To test the null …

Contrast Pattern Mining With The T1d Exchange Clinic Registry Reveals Complex Phenotypic Factors And Comorbidity Patterns Associated With Familial Versus Sporadic Type 1 Diabetes., Erin M. Tallon, Maria J. Redondo, Chi-Ren Shyu, Danlu Liu, Katrina Boles, Mark A. Clements

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Domperidone Therapy On Gastroparesis Symptoms: Results Of A Dynamic Cohort Study By Niddk Gastroparesis Consortium, Irene Sarosiek, Mark Van Natta, Henry P Parkman, Thomas Abell, Kenneth L Koch, Braden Kuo, Robert J Shulman, Gianrico Farrugia, Madhusudan Grover, Frank A Hamilton, Pankaj J Pasricha, Katherine P Yates, Laura Miriel, Laura Wilson, Goro Yamada, James Tonascia, Richard W Mccallum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The use of domperidone (DOM) for gastroparesis (GP) remains controversial and limited. We aimed to present outcomes of DOM therapy for treatment of patients participating in the multicenter National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC) Registries (GpR).

METHODS: The GpCRC cohort consisted of patients with GP (75%) and with GP-like symptoms but with normal gastric emptying (25%). The DOM group initiated therapy during the 96 weeks of enrollment in GpR1 and GpR2. Patients who had previously taken or who were on DOM therapy at enrollment were excluded from this analysis. …

Isoform-Specific Functions Of Pparγ In Gene Regulation And Metabolism, Wenxiang Hu, Chunjie Jiang, Mindy Kim, Yang Xiao, Hannah J Richter, Dongyin Guan, Kun Zhu, Brianna M Krusen, Arielle N Roberts, Jessica Miller, David J Steger, Mitchell A Lazar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that is a vital regulator of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. Activation of PPARγ by antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZD) reverses insulin resistance but also leads to weight gain that limits the use of these drugs. There are two main PPARγ isoforms, but the specific functions of each are not established. Here we generated mouse lines in which endogenous PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 were epitope-tagged to interrogate isoform-specific genomic binding, and mice deficient in either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2 to assess isoform-specific gene regulation. Strikingly, although PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 contain identical DNA binding domains, …

Type 2 Diabetes Partitioned Polygenic Scores Associate With Disease Outcomes In 454,193 Individuals Across 13 Cohorts, Daniel Dicorpo, Jessica Leclair, Joanne B Cole, Chloé Sarnowski, Fariba Ahmadizar, Lawrence F Bielak, Anneke Blokstra, Erwin P Bottinger, Layal Chaker, Yii-Der I Chen, Ye Chen, Paul S De Vries, Tariq Faquih, Mohsen Ghanbari, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Xiuqing Guo, Natalie R Hasbani, Dorina Ibi, M Arfan Ikram, Maryam Kavousi, Hampton L Leonard, Aaron Leong, Josep M Mercader, Alanna C Morrison, Girish N Nadkarni, Mike A Nalls, Raymond Noordam, Michael Preuss, Jennifer A Smith, Stella Trompet, Petra Vissink, Jie Yao, Wei Zhao, Eric Boerwinkle, Mark O Goodarzi, Vilmundur Gudnason, J Wouter Jukema, Sharon L R Kardia, Ruth J F Loos, Ching-Ti Liu, Alisa K Manning, Dennis Mook-Kanamori, James S Pankow, H Susan J Picavet, Naveed Sattar, Eleanor M Simonsick, W M Monique Verschuren, Ko Willems Van Dijk, Jose C Florez, Jerome I Rotter, James B Meigs, Josée Dupuis, Miriam S Udler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has heterogeneous patient clinical characteristics and outcomes. In previous work, we investigated the genetic basis of this heterogeneity by clustering 94 T2D genetic loci using their associations with 47 diabetes-related traits and identified five clusters, termed β-cell, proinsulin, obesity, lipodystrophy, and liver/lipid. The relationship between these clusters and individual-level metabolic disease outcomes has not been assessed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Here we constructed individual-level partitioned polygenic scores (pPS) for these five clusters in 12 studies from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank (n = 454,193) …

Chronic Estrus Disrupts Uterine Gland Development And Homeostasis, C Allison Stewart, M David Stewart, Ying Wang, Rachel D Mullen, Bonnie K Kircher, Rui Liang, Yu Liu, Richard R Behringer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Female mice homozygous for an engineered Gnrhr E90K mutation have reduced gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling, leading to infertility. Their ovaries have numerous antral follicles but no corpora lutea, indicating a block to ovulation. These mutants have high levels of circulating estradiol and low progesterone, indicating a state of persistent estrus. This mouse model provided a unique opportunity to examine the lack of cyclic levels of ovarian hormones on uterine gland biology. Although uterine gland development appeared similar to controls during prepubertal development, it was compromised during adolescence in the mutants. By age 20 weeks, uterine gland development was comparable to controls, …

'Analogy-Based Comprehensive Diabetes Education' (Abcde) Improves Glycemic Control Of Diabetic Patients In An Underserved Population: Results Of A Retrospective Chart Analysis, Rajagopal V Sekhar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Diabetes is the leading global cause for blindness, kidney failure and amputations. Preventing these complications requires optimal glycemic control, and it is imperative that diabetic patients understand the fundamental concepts of diabetes care. Although patients attend formal diabetes education classes, many do not comprehend basic concepts of diabetes, and are often noncompliant with diet, exercise and medications. A novel approach termed 'analogy-based comprehensive diabetes education' (ABCDE) was developed to educate HIV-patients with diabetes about basic concepts of diabetes care. The object of this manuscript is to report the results of a retrospective chart review on the impact of ABCDE on …

Gap Junction-Dependent And -Independent Functions Of Connexin43 In Biology, Yi Zhu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Simple Summary

Connexin43 is one of the 21 members of a large protein family that forms intercellular gap junction complexes. It plays a critical role in development by allowing two adjacent cells to exchange cellular content. Mouse deletion studies have demonstrated its critical roles in many organs, including cardiac muscle, blood vessels, bone, adipose tissue and more. However, as the most expressed and most studied connexin in the family, Connexin43 surprisingly shows many gap-junction-independent roles, spanning from the forming of hemichannels, to regulating membrane trafficking, to regulating mitochondrial function. Connexin43 is also unique in the family by forming many smaller …

Food Parenting Practices And Feeding Styles And Their Relations With Weight Status In Children In Latin America And The Caribbean, Luisa Pérez, Marcela Vizcarra, Sheryl O Hughes, Maria A Papaioannou

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

While a growing body of literature looks at the associations between food parenting practices, and feeding styles, and child's weight status in developed countries, little is known for less developed countries, in general, and the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, in particular. This study systemically reviews and synthesizes existing evidence on the associations between child caregivers' food parenting practices and feeding styles and 2 to 12-year-old child weight status. Keywords were used to search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Among the ten eligible articles, all of them reported …

Longitudinal Changes In Vascular Stiffness And Heart Rate Variability Among Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Results From The Follow-Up Observational Treatment Options For Type 2 Diabetes In Adolescents And Youth (Today) Study, Amy S Shah, Laure El Ghormli, Samuel S Gidding, Kara S Hughan, Lorraine E Levitt Katz, Dorit Koren, Jeanie B Tryggestad, Fida Bacha, Barbara H Braffett, Silva Arslanian, Elaine M Urbina

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Aims: (1) To describe changes in arterial stiffness and heart rate variability (HRV) over a 5-year interval, (2) examine changes by sex and race-ethnicity, and (3) evaluate the risk factors associated with the longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness and HRV.

Methods: Participants with youth-onset type 2 diabetes enrolled in the observational follow-up phase of the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial had arterial stiffness [(pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, brachial distensibility] and six indices of HRV measured 5 years apart. Multivariable linear regression models assessed risk factors associated with changes in the outcomes …

Style Of Meal Service And Feeding Practices Among Mexican American Fathers And Mothers: An Analysis Of Video-Recorded Children’S Evening Mealtime At Home, Carlos Penilla, Jeanne M Tschann, Lauri A Pasch, Elena Flores, Julianna Deardorff, Suzanna M Martinez, Nancy F Butte, Louise C Greenspan

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The aim of this study was to examine video-recorded observations of evening family mealtime at home among Mexican American children to help elucidate style of meal service, fathers' and mothers' feeding practices and child's eating behavior. Consistent with guidelines for coding behaviors, we analyzed observational data of evening mealtimes of 71 Mexican American children aged eight to 10 years. Regarding style of meal service, in almost all cases (96%), parents plated the child's food, with more available on the table or counter in 40% of the observations. Mothers almost always served the child (94%). Regarding parental feeding practices, parents used …

Utilization Rates Of Sglt2 Inhibitors And Glp-1 Receptor Agonists And Their Facility-Level Variation Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease And Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From The Department Of Veterans Affairs, Dhruv Mahtta, David J Ramsey, Michelle T Lee, Liang Chen, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Julia M Akeroyd, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Michael E Matheny, Karla Rodrigues Do Espirito Santo, Sankar D Navaneethan, Carl J Lavie, Yochai Birnbaum, Christie M Ballantyne, Laura A Petersen, Salim S Virani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: There is mounting evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is paucity of data assessing real-world practice patterns for these drug classes. We aimed to assess utilization rates of these drug classes and facility-level variation in their use.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used the nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system data set from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 and included patients with established ASCVD and T2DM. Among these patients, …

Clinical Characteristics Of Peripheral Neuropathy In Kenyan Patients With Hiv Infection Compared With Patients With Concurrent Hiv Infection And Diabetes Mellitus, Pascal Kuka, Jasmit Shah, Uazman Alam, Reena Shah, Dilraj Sokhi

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer and at risk of non-communicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Both HIV and DM place patients at risk of peripheral neuropathy (PN). Our aim was to demonstrate the prevalence and characteristics of PN in our population of patients with HIV infection compared with concomitant HIV and DM.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed at the Aga Khan Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected on demographics and characteristics of DM and HIV. Symptoms and signs of PN were evaluated by Neuropathy Symptom Score, Neuropathy Disability Score, …

Diabetic Care Pathway, Shalini Bansal, Kayla Brockmeyer, Nick Kieran

Physician Executive Leadership-Plus (PEL-Plus)

Presentation Outline

• The Impact of Diabetes
• Problem Statement
• Solution
• Looking to the Future

Enteroviruses And Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms And Factors?, Richard E Lloyd, Manasi Tamhankar, Åke Lernmark

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both …

An Estrogen-Sensitive Hypothalamus-Midbrain Neural Circuit Controls Thermogenesis And Physical Activity, Hui Ye, Bing Feng, Chunmei Wang, Kenji Saito, Yongjie Yang, Lucas Ibrahimi, Sarah Schaul, Nirali Patel, Leslie Saenz, Pei Luo, Penghua Lai, Valeria Torres, Maya Kota, Devin Dixit, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Ilirjana Hyseni, Kaifan Yu, Yuwei Jiang, Qingchun Tong, Zheng Sun, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Estrogen receptor–α (ERα) expressed by neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (ERαvlVMH) regulates body weight in females, but the downstream neural circuits mediating this biology remain largely unknown. Here we identified a neural circuit mediating the metabolic effects of ERαvlVMH neurons. We found that selective activation of ERαvlVMH neurons stimulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, physical activity, and core temperature and that ERαvlVMH neurons provide monosynaptic glutamatergic inputs to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Notably, the ERαvlVMH → DRN circuit responds to changes in ambient temperature and nutritional states. We further showed …

Flash Glucose Monitoring In Type 2 Diabetes Managed With Basal Insulin In The Usa: A Retrospective Real-World Chart Review Study And Meta-Analysis., Anders L Carlson, Timothy Dilon Daniel, Andrea Desantis, Serge Jabbour, Esra Karslioglu French, Davida Kruger, Eden Miller, Kerem Ozer, Tom Elliott

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Evidence supporting use of continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin is unclear. This real-world study aimed to assess the impact on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of flash glucose monitoring use in adults with type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for adult individuals with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin for ≥1 year with or without additional antihyperglycemic medication, HbA1c 8.0%-12.0% prior to FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring use for ≥90 days and an HbA1c measurement recorded between 90 and 194 days after device use. Exclusion criteria …

A Muscle Cell-Macrophage Axis Involving Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Facilitates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling With Mechanical Loading, Bailey D. Peck, Kevin A. Murach, R. Grace Walton, Alexander J. Simmons, Douglas E. Long, Kate Kosmac, Cory M. Dungan, Philip A. Kern, Marcas M. Bamman, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor ( …

Differences In Health-Related Outcomes And Health Care Resource Utilization In Breast Cancer Survivors With And Without Type 2 Diabetes, Susan Storey, Zuoyi Zhang, Xiao Luo, Megan Metzger, Amrutha Ravali Jakka, Kun Huang, Diane Von Ah

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Up to 74% of breast cancer survivors (BCS) have at least one preexisting comorbid condition, with diabetes (type 2) common. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in health-related outcomes (anemia, neutropenia, and infection) and utilization of health care resources (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency visits) in BCS with and without diabetes.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were leveraged from the electronic health records of a large health network linked to the Indiana State Cancer Registry. BCS diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2017 and who had received chemotherapy were included. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized …

Prevalence Of Endocrine Disorders Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome In The United States, Anne Rivelli, Veronica Fitzpatrick, Danielle Wales, Laura Chicoine, Gengjie Jia, Andrey Rzhetsky, Brian Chicoine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Findings from a recent study describing prevalence of common disease conditions in the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in endocrine disorders among these individuals when compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. This retrospective, descriptive study is a follow-up report documenting prevalence of 21 endocrine disorder conditions, across 28 years of data, from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. Overall, individuals with DS experienced higher prevalence of adrenal insufficiency and Addison’s disease; …