Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons^™

Tuftelin1 Drives Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression By Facilitating Stress Fiber Assembly, Caoyuan Niu, Kai Xu, Yanan Hu, Yanling Jia, Yuexia Yang, Xiaoyue Pan, Ruyan Wan, Hui Lian, Qiwen Wang, Juntang Yang, Yajun Li, Ivan Rosas, Lan Wang, Guoying Yu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) with unknown etiology, characterized by sustained damage repair of epithelial cells and abnormal activation of fibroblasts, the underlying mechanism of the disease remains elusive.

Methods: To evaluate the role of Tuftelin1 (TUFT1) in IPF and elucidate its molecular mechanism. We investigated the level of TUFT1 in the IPF and bleomycin-induced mouse models and explored the influence of TUFT1 deficiency on pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, we explored the effect of TUFT1 on the cytoskeleton and illustrated the relationship between stress fiber and pulmonary fibrosis.

Results: Our results demonstrated a significant …

How Societal Forces Of Change Are Transforming Youth Physical Activity Promotion In North America, Jacob Szeszulski, Jamie M Faro, Rodney P Joseph, Kevin Lanza, Lucie Lévesque, Courtney M Monroe, Elsa A Pérez-Paredes, Erica G Soltero, Rebecca E Lee

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Climate change, increasing recognition of institutionalized discrimination, and the COVID-19 pandemic are large-scale, societal events (ie, forces of change) that affect the timing, settings, and modes of youth physical activity. Despite the impact that forces of change have on youth physical activity and physical activity environments, few studies consider how they affect physical activity promotion.

Methods: The authors use 2 established frameworks, the ecological model of physical activity and the youth physical activity timing, how, and setting framework, to highlight changes in physical activity patterns of youth in North America that have resulted from contemporary forces of change.

Results: …

Feasibility Of A Food-Based Diabetes Self-Management Education Intervention For Food Insecure Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study, Eliza Short, Debbe Thompson, Douglas Taren, Holly Bryant, Rhonda Gonzalez, Jessi Sheava, Melanie Hingle

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a food-based diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) intervention delivered to persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and food insecurity.

Design: This single arm pre-/post convergent mixed methods study tested the feasibility of a 3-month intervention using food boxes, recipes, DSMES and dietitian visits. Feasibility benchmarks assessed were acceptability (> 50 % participants satisfied), demand (> 50 % used program components) and implementation (75 % adherence, 80 % retention). Assessments included: self-reported food security, health-related quality of life, diabetes self-efficacy, socio-demographic and dietary intake, height, weight, and HbA1c and one in-depth interview with participants …

Comment On Marsigliante Et Al Effects On Children's Physical And Mental Well-Being Of A Physical-Activity-Based School Intervention Program: A Randomized Study, Raphiel Murden, Jon Agley, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Armando Peña, Danny Valdez, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Moonseong Heo, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

We conducted a critical review of the article “Effects on Children’s Physical and Mental Well-Being of a Physical-Activity-Based School Intervention Program: A Randomized Study”, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2023 as part of the Special Issue “Psychomotricity and Physical Education in School Health”. We identified multiple mistakes in the statistical analyses applied. First, the authors claim to have found a statistically significant association between the proposed intervention and change in body composition (body mass index (BMI) percentiles, relative fat mass, and BMI classes) by way of exhibiting differences in nominal significance between the …

Design, Analysis, And Interpretation Of Treatment Response Heterogeneity In Personalized Nutrition And Obesity Treatment Research, Roger S Zoh, Bridget H Esteves, Xiaoxin Yu, Amanda J Fairchild, Ana I Vazquez, Andrew G Chapple, Andrew W Brown, Brandon George, Derek Gordon, Douglas Landsittel, Gary L Gadbury, Greg Pavela, Gustavo De Los Campos, Luis M Mestre, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

It is increasingly assumed that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to dietary recommendations for the management and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. This phenomenon that not all individuals respond uniformly to a given treatment has become an area of research interest given the rise of personalized and precision medicine. To conduct, interpret, and disseminate this research rigorously and with scientific accuracy, however, requires an understanding of treatment response heterogeneity. Here, we define treatment response heterogeneity as it relates to clinical trials, provide statistical guidance for measuring treatment response heterogeneity, and highlight study designs that can quantify treatment response …

Associations Between Avocado Intake And Measures Of Glucose And Insulin Homeostasis In Hispanic Individuals With And Without Type 2 Diabetes: Results From The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol), Mackenzie K Senn, Mark O Goodarzi, Gautam Ramesh, Matthew A Allison, Mariaelisa Graff, Kristin L Young, Gregory A Talavera, Amanda C Mcclain, Tanya P Garcia, Jerome I Rotter, Alexis C Wood

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate associations between avocado intake and glycemia in adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The associations of avocado intake with measures of insulin and glucose homeostasis were evaluated in a cross-sectional analysis of up to 14,591 Hispanic/Latino adults, using measures of: average glucose levels (hemoglobin A1c; HbA1c), fasting glucose and insulin, glucose and insulin levels after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and calculated measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, and HOMA-%β), and insulinogenic index. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for sociodemographic factors and health behaviors, and which were stratified by …

Hyperleptinemia Contributes To Antipsychotic Drug-Associated Obesity And Metabolic Disorders, Shangang Zhao, Qian Lin, Wei Xiong, Li Li, Leon Straub, Dinghong Zhang, Rizaldy Zapata, Qingzhang Zhu, Xue-Nan Sun, Zhuzhen Zhang, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Chao Li, Shiuhwei Chen, Yi Zhu, Nisi Jiang, Guannan Li, Ziying Xu, Steven C Wyler, May-Yun Wang, Juli Bai, Xianlin Han, Christine M Kusminski, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Joel K Elmquist, Olivia Osborn, Chen Liu, Philipp E Scherer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite their high degree of effectiveness in the management of psychiatric conditions, exposure to antipsychotic drugs, including olanzapine and risperidone, is frequently associated with substantial weight gain and the development of diabetes. Even before weight gain, a rapid rise in circulating leptin concentrations can be observed in most patients taking antipsychotic drugs. To date, the contribution of this hyperleptinemia to weight gain and metabolic deterioration has not been defined. Here, with an established mouse model that recapitulates antipsychotic drug-induced obesity and insulin resistance, we not only confirm that hyperleptinemia occurs before weight gain but also demonstrate that hyperleptinemia contributes directly …

Identification Of Exosome Protein Panels As Predictive Biomarkers For Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Bin Luo, Zujun Que, Xinyi Lu, Dan Qi, Zhi Qiao, Yun Yang, Fangfang Qian, Yi Jiang, Yan Li, Ronghu Ke, Xiaoyun Shen, Hua Xiao, Hegen Li, Erxi Wu, Jianhui Tian

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, primarily due to its propensity for metastasis. Patients diagnosed with localized primary cancer have higher survival rates than those with metastasis. Thus, it is imperative to discover biomarkers for the early detection of NSCLC and the timely prediction of tumor metastasis to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: Here, we utilized an integrated approach to isolate and characterize plasma exosomes from NSCLC patients as well as healthy individuals. We then conducted proteomics analysis and parallel reaction monitoring to identify and validate the top-ranked proteins of plasma exosomes.

Results: …

See Me, Hear Me, Know Me: Perspectives On Diet And Physical Activity Influences Among Teens Living In Rural Texas Communities, Debbe Thompson, Julie Miranda, Chishinga Callender, Jayna M Dave, Godlove Appiah, Salma M A Musaad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Teens in rural communities are at greater risk of obesity than teens in urban areas. Diet and physical activity influence obesity risk. Understanding their perspectives is an important step in intervention design. This qualitative investigation explored teen perspectives on how living in a rural community influenced their diet and physical activity choices. Forty parent-teen pairs were recruited. Data collection included surveys and telephone interviews. This paper reports teen perspectives identified in the first interview. Thematic analysis was used to code and analyze the data. Findings revealed that the primary factor driving teens' diet and physical activity behaviors was the teens …

A Qualitative Study On Parenting Practices To Sustain Adolescent Health Behaviors In American Indian Families, Christine Hodgson, Dylan Decker, Teresia M O'Connor, Melanie Hingle, Francine C Gachupin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

American Indian (AI) adolescents who practice healthy behaviors of sleep, nutrition, physical activity, and limited screen time can lower their lifetime risk of diet-sensitive disease. Little is known about how AI parenting practices influence the health behaviors of youth. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore how a group of AI parents of youths at risk of disease influenced their youth’s health behaviors after a family intervention. A secondary objective was to understand the role of AI parents in supporting and sustaining health behavior change in their youths following the intervention. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with AI …

Examining Potential Modifiers Of Human Skin And Plasma Carotenoid Responses In A Randomized Trial Of A Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Qiang Wu, Nancy E Moran, Melissa N Laska, Lisa Harnack

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Skin carotenoid measurements are emerging as a valid and reliable indicator of fruit and vegetable intake and carotenoid intake. However, little is known about the extent to which skin carotenoid responsivity to dietary changes differs based on demographic and physiologic characteristics.

Objectives: This study examined potential effect modifiers of skin carotenoid and plasma carotenoid responses to a carotenoid-rich juice intervention.

Methods: We leveraged data from 2 arms of a 3-site randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice intervention (moderate dose = 6 ounces juice, 4 mg total carotenoids/d, high dose = 12 ounces juice, 8 mg total carotenoids/d) (n …

Mga-Seq: Robust Identification Of Extrachromosomal Dna And Genetic Variants Using Multiple Genetic Abnormality Sequencing, Da Lin, Yanyan Zou, Xinyu Li, Jinyue Wang, Qin Xiao, Xiaochen Gao, Fei Lin, Ningyuan Zhang, Ming Jiao, Yu Guo, Zhaowei Teng, Shiyi Li, Yongchang Wei, Fuling Zhou, Rong Yin, Siheng Zhang, Lingyu Xing, Weize Xu, Xiaofeng Wu, Bing Yang, Ke Xiao, Chengchao Wu, Yingfeng Tao, Xiaoqing Yang, Jing Zhang, Sheng Hu, Shuang Dong, Xiaoyu Li, Shengwei Ye, Zhidan Hong, Yihang Pan, Yuqin Yang, Haixiang Sun, Gang Cao

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Genomic abnormalities are strongly associated with cancer and infertility. In this study, we develop a simple and efficient method - multiple genetic abnormality sequencing (MGA-Seq) - to simultaneously detect structural variation, copy number variation, single-nucleotide polymorphism, homogeneously staining regions, and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) from a single tube. MGA-Seq directly sequences proximity-ligated genomic fragments, yielding a dataset with concurrent genome three-dimensional and whole-genome sequencing information, enabling approximate localization of genomic structural variations and facilitating breakpoint identification. Additionally, by utilizing MGA-Seq, we map focal amplification and oncogene coamplification, thus facilitating the exploration of ecDNA's transcriptional regulatory function.

The Potential Weight Loss Benefits Of Tirzepatide: A Double-Edged Sword?, Muhammad Taha Nasim, Ayesha Ali, Muhammad Tabish Nasim

Medical College Documents

No abstract provided.

Causal Models And Causal Modelling In Obesity: Foundations, Methods And Evidence, Roger S Zoh, Xiaoxin Yu, Philip Dawid, George Davey Smith, Stephen J French, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Discussing causes in science, if we are to do so in a way that is sensible, begins at the root. All too often, we jump to discussing specific postulated causes but do not first consider what we mean by, for example, causes of obesity or how we discern whether something is a cause. In this paper, we address what we mean by a cause, discuss what might and might not constitute a reasonable causal model in the abstract, speculate about what the causal structure of obesity might be like overall and the types of things we should be looking …

Unreliable Findings Due To Miscalculations And Errors Comment On Nally Et Al The Effectiveness Of School-Based Interventions On Obesity-Related Behaviours In Primary School Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomised Controlled Trials Children 2021, 8, 489, Keara Ginell, Beate Henschel, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Andrew W Brown, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Nally et al. [...].

Ignoring Clustering And Nesting Effects Are Invalid Analysis Choices In A Trial With Clustered Data In Trials Testing Causal Effects Re: "Impact Of A Montessori-Based Nutrition Program On Children's Knowledge And Eating Behaviors", Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Colby J Vorland, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Deborah H Glueck, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Vitale and Coccia conducted a study to examine the effects of a nutrition education program among school children, and reported statistically significant between-group effects for nutrition knowledge and liking tomatoes. In the study blocks of classrooms were assigned to the study conditions. Thus, with children nested within classrooms, and classrooms nested within blocks, the study has a two-level design, and block is the independent sampling unit. The analysis of the study must account for the two levels of clustering, but it did not. This render the conclusions reported in the paper unsubstantiated. For correcting the scientific record, reanalysis of the …

Expert Panel Curation Of 113 Primary Mitochondrial Disease Genes For The Leigh Syndrome Spectrum, Elizabeth M Mccormick, Kierstin Keller, Julie P Taylor, Alison J Coffey, Lishuang Shen, Danuta Krotoski, Brian Harding, Xiaowu Gai, Marni J Falk, Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham, Shamima Rahman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by inherited mitochondrial dysfunction. Classically defined neuropathologically as subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, Leigh syndrome spectrum (LSS) is the most frequent manifestation of PMD in children, but may also present in adults. A major challenge for accurate diagnosis of LSS in the genomic medicine era is establishing gene-disease relationships (GDRs) for this syndrome with >100 monogenic causes across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.

Methods: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Mitochondrial Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel (GCEP), comprising 40 international PMD experts, met monthly for 4 years to review GDRs for LSS. The GCEP …

Inaccurate Confidence Intervals Reported In “The Healthy Kids & Families Study: Outcomes Of A 24-Month Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention”, Xingsheng Li, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie L Dickinson, Theodore K Kyle, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Associations Between Metabolomic Biomarkers Of Avocado Intake And Glycemia In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Alexis C Wood, Mark O Goodarzi, Mackenzie K Senn, Meghana D Gadgil, Goncalo Graca, Matthew A Allison, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Michael Y Mi, Philip Greenland, Timothy Ebbels, Paul Elliott, Russell P Tracy, David M Herrington, Jerome I Rotter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes.

OBJECTIVES: To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia.

METHODS: Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an …

Corrected Analysis Of “The Effects Of Bright Light Treatment On Affective Symptoms In People With Dementia: A 24-Week Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial” That Accounts For Clustering And Nesting Verifies Conclusions, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Colby J Vorland, Miriam Jocelyn Rodriguez, Richard J Holden, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

In this correspondence, we explain the reasoning for invalidity of the analysis choices by Kolberg et al., and provide the results produced using correct statistical procedures for their study design. Reassuringly, we could verify the original conclusions. That is, results of the corrected statistical models are similar to the results of the original analysis. Regardless of the magnitude of difference that corrected statistical methods make, results and conclusions that are derived from invalid methods are unsubstantiated. By verifying the results, we allow the readers to be assured that the published conclusions in the study by Kolberg et al. now rest …

Evaluation Of Acceptability, Functionality, And Validity Of A Passive Image-Based Dietary Intake Assessment Method In Adults And Children Of Ghanaian And Kenyan Origin Living In London, Uk, Modou L Jobarteh, Megan A Mccrory, Benny Lo, Konstantinos K Triantafyllidis, Jianing Qiu, Jennifer P Griffin, Edward Sazonov, Mingui Sun, Wenyan Jia, Tom Baranowski, Alex K Anderson, Kathryn Maitland, Gary Frost

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Accurate estimation of dietary intake is challenging. However, whilst some progress has been made in high-income countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain behind, contributing to critical nutritional data gaps. This study aimed to validate an objective, passive image-based dietary intake assessment method against weighed food records in London, UK, for onward deployment to LMICs.

Methods: Wearable camera devices were used to capture food intake on eating occasions in 18 adults and 17 children of Ghanaian and Kenyan origin living in London. Participants were provided pre-weighed meals of Ghanaian and Kenyan cuisine and camera devices to automatically capture images …

Preface: Causes Of Obesity, Theories, Conjectures And Evidence, David B Allison, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Kevin D Hall, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

One Cluster Per Condition Is Not A Valid Design In Cluster-Randomized Trials Comment On Wang Et Al The Effect Of Different Physical Exercise Programs On Physical Fitness Among Preschool Children: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023, 20, 4254, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Armando Pena, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Andrew W Brown, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Wang et al. [...].

Easy To Miss Large Left Atrial Myxoma, Art Burgess Kelleher, Tara Ní Dhonnchu, Carl Vaughan, Terence M O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Genome-Wide Association Studies And Fine-Mapping Identify Genomic Loci For N-3 And N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Hispanic American And African American Cohorts, Chaojie Yang, Jenna Veenstra, Traci M Bartz, Matthew C Pahl, Brian Hallmark, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jason Westra, Lyn M Steffen, Christopher D Brown, David Siscovick, Michael Y Tsai, Alexis C Wood, Stephen S Rich, Caren E Smith, Timothy D O'Connor, Dariush Mozaffarian, Struan F A Grant, Floyd H Chilton, Nathan L Tintle, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Ani Manichaikul

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in human health. Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European Americans from the CHARGE Consortium have documented strong genetic signals in/near the FADS locus on chromosome 11. We performed a GWAS of four n-3 and four n-6 PUFAs in Hispanic American (n = 1454) and African American (n = 2278) participants from three CHARGE cohorts. Applying a genome-wide significance threshold of P < 5 × 10

Unraveling The Serotonin Saga: From Discovery To Weight Regulation And Beyond – A Comprehensive Scientific Review, Kristine Conde, Shuzheng Fang, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, while the development of effective obesity therapies lags behind. Although new therapeutic targets to alleviate obesity are identified every day, and drug efficacy is improving, adverse side effects and increased health risks remain serious issues facing the weight-loss industry. Serotonin, also known as 5-HT, has been extensively studied in relation to appetite reduction and weight loss. As a result, dozens of upstream and downstream neural targets of 5-HT have been identified, revealing a multitude of neural circuits involved in mediating the anorexigenic effect of 5-HT. Despite the rise and fall of several …

Factors Associated With Choice Of Behavioural Weight Loss Program By Adults With Obesity, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Susan B Roberts, Stephanie Dickinson, Arthur Owora, Jon Agley, Roger S Zoh, Xiwei Chen, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

We assessed the preference for two behavioural weight loss programs, Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Healthy Weight for Living (HWL) in adults with obesity. A cross-sectional survey was fielded on the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Eligibility criteria included reporting BMI ≥30 and at least two chronic health conditions. Participants read about the programs, selected their preferred program, and answered follow-up questions. The estimated probability of choosing either program was not significantly different from .5 (N = 1005, 50.8% DPP and 49.2% HWL, p = .61). Participants' expectations about adherence, weight loss magnitude, and dropout likelihood were associated with their choice (p <  .0001). Non-White participants (p = .040) and those with monthly income greater than $4999 (p = .002) were less likely to choose DPP. Participants who had postgraduate education (p = .007), did not report high serum cholesterol (p = .028), and reported not having tried losing weight before (p = .025) were more likely to choose DPP. Those who chose HWL were marginally more likely to report that being offered two different programs rather than one would likely affect their decision to enrol in one of the two (p = .052). The enrolment into DPP and HWL was balanced, but race, educational attainment, income, previous attempt to lose weight, and serum cholesterol levels had significant associations with the choice of weight loss program.

Identification Of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response In A Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study In The Diabetes Prevention Program (Dpp), Josephine H Li, James A Perry, Kathleen A Jablonski, Shylaja Srinivasan, Ling Chen, Jennifer N Todd, Maegan Harden, Josep M Mercader, Qing Pan, Adem Y Dawed, Sook Wah Yee, Ewan R Pearson, Kathleen M Giacomini, Ayush Giri, Adriana M Hung, Shujie Xiao, L Keoki Williams, Paul W Franks, Robert L Hanson, Steven E Kahn, William C Knowler, Toni I Pollin, Jose C Florez, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Genome-wide significant loci for metformin response in type 2 diabetes reported elsewhere have not been replicated in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). To assess pharmacogenetic interactions in prediabetes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the DPP. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations with diabetes incidence in the metformin (MET; n = 876) and placebo (PBO; n = 887) arms. Multiple linear regression assessed association with 1-year change in metformin-related quantitative traits, adjusted for baseline trait, age, sex, and 10 ancestry principal components. We tested for gene-by-treatment interaction. No significant associations emerged for diabetes incidence. We identified four genome-wide …

Undisclosed Outcome Switching, Undisclosed Analysis Switching, Inappropriate Rounding, And Selective Reporting Render Paper “Effectiveness Of A Minimally Processed Food-Based Nutritional Counselling Intervention On Weight Gain In Overweight Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial” Unreliable, Armando Peña, Mike Gibney, Kevin Hall, Theodore K Kyle, Andrew W Brown, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Metabolomic Profile Of The Healthy Eating Index-2015 In The Multiethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Meghana D Gadgil, Alexis C Wood, Ibrahim Karaman, Goncalo Graça, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Victor W Zhong, Philip Greenland, Alka M Kanaya, David M Herrington

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Poor diet quality is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, knowledge of metabolites marking adherence to Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015 version) are limited.

Objectives: The goal was to determine a pattern of metabolites associated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, which measures adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Methods: The analysis examined 3557 adult men and women from the longitudinal cohort Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), without known cardiovascular disease and with complete dietary data. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were assessed at baseline. Untargeted 1H 1-dimensional nuclei magnetic …