Critical Care Commons^™

Respiratory Function Changes As Early Signs Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Mario Polverino, Simone Sampaolo, Antonio Capuozzo, Marco Fasolino, Michele Aliberti, Ersilia Satta, Carlo Santoriello, James Peter Orengo, Francesca Polverino

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The current diagnostic criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may remain unsatisfactory for months or years in the early disease. Pulmonary assessment has never been considered useful in the early diagnosis of ALS, and studies of pulmonary function in this patient category are lacking.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the pulmonary function in subjects with unspecific symptoms of ALS in whom an ALS diagnosis cannot be reached based on the current available guidelines.

METHODS: We performed pulmonary function tests, arterial gas analysis, maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure, and respiratory drive (P0.1) assessment in …

Cc16 Drives Vla-2-Dependent Splunc1 Expression, Natalie Iannuzo, Holly Welfley, Nicholas C Li, Michael D L Johnson, Joselyn Rojas-Quintero, Francesca Polverino, Stefano Guerra, Xingnan Li, Darren A Cusanovich, Paul R Langlais, Julie G Ledford

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

RATIONALE: CC16 (Club Cell Secretory Protein) is a protein produced by club cells and other non-ciliated epithelial cells within the lungs. CC16 has been shown to protect against the development of obstructive lung diseases and attenuate pulmonary pathogen burden. Despite recent advances in understanding CC16 effects in circulation, the biological mechanisms of CC16 in pulmonary epithelial responses have not been elucidated.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine if CC16 deficiency impairs epithelial-driven host responses and identify novel receptors expressed within the pulmonary epithelium through which CC16 imparts activity.

METHODS: We utilized mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomics to investigate how CC16 deficiency …

Association Of School Infrastructure On Health And Achievement Among Children With Asthma, Tianshi David Wu, Sandra Zaeh, Michelle N Eakin, Kirsten Koehler, Meghan F Davis, Chris Wohn, Ike Diibor, Kevin J Psoter, Curt Cronister, Faith Connolly, Marc Stein, Meredith C Mccormack

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether school infrastructure is associated with health and academic outcomes among elementary school children with asthma.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of linked medical, academic, and facilities data from a large mid-Atlantic school district of the United States. All K-5 students with asthma who were enrolled under the state's Children's Health Insurance Program were included. We estimated associations of the infrastructure quality of the student's school, as assessed by an engineering firm in Summer 2011 and represented by the Facility Condition Index (FCI), with asthma health outcomes, absenteeism, and standardized test scores in math and …

Myeloid-Associated Differentiation Marker Is Associated With Type 2 Asthma And Is Upregulated By Human Rhinovirus Infection, Sasipa Tanyaratsrisakul, Alane Blythe C Dy, Francesca Polverino, Mari Numata, Julie G Ledford

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses are known to predispose infants to asthma development during childhood and are often associated with exacerbations in asthma patients. MYADM epithelial expression has been shown to associate with asthma severity. The goal of this study was to determine if MYADM expression patterns were altered in asthma and/or rhinovirus infection and if increased MYADM expression is associated with increased asthma-associated factors.

METHODS: Utilizing H1HeLa cells and differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells (AECs), we measured the expression of MYADM and inflammatory genes by qRT-PCR in the presence or absence of RV-1B infection or poly I:C treatment and with …

Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 Citrullinates Mzb1 And Promotes The Secretion Of Igm And Iga, Benjamin Geary, Bo Sun, Ronak R Tilvawala, Leonard Barasa, Konstantin Tsoyi, Ivan O Rosas, Paul R Thompson, I-Cheng Ho

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: MZB1 is an endoplasmic reticulum residential protein preferentially expressed in plasma cells, marginal zone and B1 B cells. Recent studies on murine B cells show that it interacts with the tail piece of IgM and IgA heavy chain and promotes the secretion of these two classes of immunoglobulin. However, its role in primary human B cells has yet to be determined and how its function is regulated is still unknown. The conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline, also known as citrullination, by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) can critically influence the function of proteins in immune cells, such as neutrophils and T …

Suspected Interstitial Lung Disease In Copdgene Study, Jonathan A Rose, Aravind A Menon, Takuya Hino, Akinori Hata, Mizuki Nishino, David A Lynch, Ivan O Rosas, Souheil El-Chemaly, Benjamin A Raby, Samuel Y Ash, Bina Choi, George R Washko, Edwin K Silverman, Michael H Cho, Hiroto Hatabu, Rachel K Putman, Gary M Hunninghake

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale

Although interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), specific patterns of incidentally-detected abnormal density on computed tomography, have been associated with abnormal lung function and increased mortality, it is unclear if a subset with incidental interstitial lung disease (ILD) accounts for these adverse consequences.

Objectives

To define the prevalence and risk factors of suspected ILD and assess outcomes.

Methods

Suspected ILD was evaluated in the COPDGene (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Genetic Epidemiology) study, defined as ILA and at least one additional criterion: definite fibrosis on computed tomography, FVC less than 80% predicted, or DL_CO less than 70% predicted. Multivariable linear, longitudinal, …

Quantitative Interstitial Abnormality Progression And Outcomes In The Genetic Epidemiology Of Copd And Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study Cohorts, Bina Choi, Najma Adan, Tracy J Doyle, Ruben San José Estépar, Rola Harmouche, Stephen M Humphries, Matthew Moll, Michael H Cho, Rachel K Putman, Gary M Hunninghake, Ravi Kalhan, Gabrielle Y Liu, Alejandro A Diaz, Stefanie E Mason, Farbod N Rahaghi, Carrie L Pistenmaa, Nicholas Enzer, Clare Poynton, Gonzalo Vegas Sánchez-Ferrero, James C Ross, David A Lynch, Fernando J Martinez, Meilan K Han, Russell P Bowler, David O Wilson, Ivan O Rosas, George R Washko, Raúl San José Estépar, Samuel Y Ash, Copdgene Study And Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The risk factors and clinical outcomes of quantitative interstitial abnormality progression over time have not been characterized.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS: What are the associations of quantitative interstitial abnormality progression with lung function, exercise capacity, and mortality? What are the demographic and genetic risk factors for quantitative interstitial abnormality progression?

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Quantitative interstitial abnormality progression between visits 1 and 2 was assessed from 4,635 participants in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) cohort and 1,307 participants in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS) cohort. We used multivariable linear regression to determine the risk factors for progression and the …

Hif1a-Dependent Induction Of Alveolar Epithelial Pfkfb3 Dampens Acute Lung Injury, Christine U Vohwinkel, Nana Burns, Ethan Coit, Xiaoyi Yuan, Eszter K Vladar, Christina Sul, Eric P Schmidt, Peter Carmeliet, Kurt Stenmark, Eva S Nozik, Rubin M Tuder, Holger K Eltzschig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe form of lung inflammation causing acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients. ALI pathogenesis is closely linked to uncontrolled alveolar inflammation. We hypothesize that specific enzymes of the glycolytic pathway could function as key regulators of alveolar inflammation. Therefore, we screened isolated alveolar epithelia from mice exposed to ALI induced by injurious ventilation to assess their metabolic responses. These studies pointed us toward a selective role for isoform 3 of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3). Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of Pfkfb3 in alveolar epithelia (Pfkfb3loxP/loxP SPC-ER-Cre+ mice) was associated with profound increases in ALI during …

Characterization Of Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling And Microrna-126-Targets In Copd-Pulmonary Hypertension, Khushboo Goel, Nicholas Egersdorf, Amar Gill, Danting Cao, Scott D Collum, Soma S Jyothula, Howard J Huang, Maor Sauler, Patty J Lee, Susan Majka, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Irina Petrache

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite causing increased morbidity and mortality, pulmonary hypertension (PH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (COPD-PH) lacks treatment, due to incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial walls and pruning of the microvasculature with loss of capillary beds are known features of pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD. The remodeling features of pulmonary medium- and smaller vessels in COPD-PH lungs are less well described and may be linked to maladaptation of endothelial cells to chronic cigarette smoking (CS). MicroRNA-126 (miR126), a master regulator of endothelial cell fate, has divergent functions that are vessel-size specific, supporting the survival …

Trib3 Mediates Fibroblast Activation And Fibrosis Though Interaction With Atf4 In Ipf, Lan Wang, Wenyu Zhao, Cong Xia, Zhongzheng Li, Weiming Zhao, Kai Xu, Ningdan Wang, Hui Lian, Ivan O Rosas, Guoying Yu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by fibroblast activation, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and progressive scarring; the pathogenesis remains elusive. The present study explored the role of Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3), a well-known stress and metabolic sensor, in IPF. TRIB3 is down-regulated in the lungs of IPF patients in comparison to control subjects. Deficiency of TRIB3 markedly inhibited A549 epithelial cells’ proliferation and migration, significantly reducing wound healing. Conversely, overexpression of TRIB3 promoted A549 cell proliferation and transmigration while it inhibited its apoptosis. Meanwhile, overexpressed TRIB3 inhibited fibroblast activation and decreased ECM …

Hyperkalemia And Electrocardiogram Manifestations In End-Stage Renal Disease, Zubaid Rafique, Bryan Hoang, Heba Mesbah, Ryan Pappal, Frank W Peacock, Raul Juarez-Vela, Lukasz Szarpak, Dick C Kuo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hyperkalemia is one of the more common acute life-threatening metabolic emergencies. The aim of our study is to determine the correlation and accuracy of abnormal ECG parameters as a function of serum potassium concentration in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population. We performed a retrospective chart review of emergency department patients presenting with ESRD and receiving emergent hemodialysis treatment. A total of 96 patients, each with five independent ED visits, provided 480 sets of ECGs and electrolytes. Of these, four ECGs were excluded for inability to interpret, leaving a total of 476 patient encounters that met all inclusion criteria. Linear …

A Pilot Survey: Retention In Pain Medicine Among Fellowship Trained Anesthesiologists, Sarang S Koushik, Kelly Leap, Kenneth Seier, Kay See Tan, Naum Shaparin, Alan D Kaye, Omar Viswanath, Grant H Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: We aim to explore the factors related to job satisfaction among pain physicians and identify the reasons why individuals minimize or stop practicing outpatient pain medicine.

OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: This is a survey-based study with the primary goal to identify factors determining job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among pain medicine fellowship graduates who continue to practice and those who are no longer practicing interventional pain. A secondary goal is to elucidate reasons for anesthesiologists trained in pain medicine to leave pain medicine, despite an additional year of training, and to work as general anesthesiologists.

METHODS: In this study, all 114 pain …

Association Of Apremilast With Vascular Inflammation And Cardiometabolic Function In Patients With Psoriasis: The Vip-A Phase 4, Open-Label, Nonrandomized Clinical Trial, Joel M Gelfand, Daniel B Shin, April W Armstrong, Stephen K Tyring, Andrew Blauvelt, Scott Gottlieb, Benjamin N Lockshin, Robert E Kalb, Robert Fitzsimmons, Justin Rodante, Philip Parel, Grigory A Manyak, Laurel Mendelsohn, Megan H Noe, Maryte Papadopoulos, Maha N Syed, Thomas J Werner, Joy Wan, Martin P Playford, Abass Alavi, Nehal N Mehta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is commonly used for psoriasis and can cause weight loss.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between apremilast and aortic vascular inflammation as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), cardiometabolic markers (primary outcomes at week 16), and abdominal fat composition.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-arm, open-label, interventional, nonrandomized clinical trial in which the imaging and laboratory outcomes were measured by an investigator who was blinded to time was conducted between April 11, 2017, and August 17, 2021, at 7 dermatology sites …

Understanding Post-Covid-19 Interstitial Lung Disease (Ild): A New Fibroinflammatory Disease Entity, Puja Mehta, Ivan O Rosas, Mervyn Singer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Immunomodulation and immunity from vaccination and natural infection have reduced mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are ongoing concerns regarding emerging variants and residual pulmonary sequelae in survivors, given that the lungs are the principal site for the triumvirate of infection, inflammation and injury. The initial waves of acute, severe COVID-19 were profoundly inflammatory, usually manifest as organising pneumonia ± acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The extent of the fibrogenic potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the modifiability of the pathogenic processes and disease course are unclear. Interestingly patients can develop ‘post-COVID interstitial lung disease’ …

Outcomes Of Audio-Instructed And Video-Instructed Dispatcher-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Karol Bielski, Bernd W Böttiger, Michal Pruc, Aleksandra Gasecka, Mariusz Sieminski, Milosz J Jaguszewski, Jacek Smereka, Natasza Gilis-Malinowska, Frank W Peacock, Lukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The present meta-analysis of clinical and simulation trials aimed to compare video-instructed dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (V-DACPR) with conventional audio-instructed dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-DACPR).

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration databases and Scopus from inception until June 10, 2021. The primary outcomes were the prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital discharge, and survival to hospital discharge with a good neurological outcome for clinical trials, and chest compression quality for simulation trials. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) indicated the pooled effect. The analyses were performed …

High-Contrast Detection Of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-2 For Fluorescence-Guided Surgery, Servando Hernandez Vargas, Solmaz Aghaamiri, Sukhen C Ghosh, Michael P Luciano, Luis C Borbon, Po Hien Ear, James R Howe, Jennifer M Bailey-Lundberg, Gregory D Simonek, Daniel M Halperin, Hop S Tran Cao, Naruhiko Ikoma, Martin J Schnermann, Ali Azhdarinia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dye design can influence the ability of fluorescently labeled imaging agents to generate tumor contrast and has become an area of significant interest in the field of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Here, we show that the charge-balanced near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye FNIR-Tag enhances the imaging properties of a fluorescently labeled somatostatin analogue.

Polygenic Risk Score Improves The Accuracy Of A Clinical Risk Score For Coronary Artery Disease, Austin King, Lang Wu, Hong-Wen Deng, Hui Shen, Chong Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The value of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) towards improving guideline-recommended clinical risk models for coronary artery disease (CAD) prediction is controversial. Here we examine whether an integrated polygenic risk score improves the prediction of CAD beyond pooled cohort equations. METHODS: An observation study of 291,305 unrelated White British UK Biobank participants enrolled from 2006 to 2010 was conducted. A case-control sample of 9499 prevalent CAD cases and an equal number of randomly selected controls was used for tuning and integrating of the polygenic risk scores. A separate cohort of 272,307 individuals (with follow-up to 2020) was used to examine …

Elective Surgery System Strengthening: Development, Measurement, And Validation Of The Surgical Preparedness Index Across 1632 Hospitals In 119 Countries, Nihr Global Health Unit On Global Surgery, Covidsurg Collaborative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs.

METHODS: First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), …

The Effect Of Biologic Therapy For Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases On Clinical Outcomes Of Covid-19 In The Greater Houston Area: A Retrospective Chart Review, Michela Tinelli, Raphael Wittenberg, Michelle Cornes, Robert W Aldridge, Michael Clark, Richard Byng, Graham Foster, James Fuller, Andrew Hayward, Nigel Hewett, Alan Kilmister, Jill Manthorpe, Joanne Neale, Elizabeth Biswell, Martin Whiteford

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There are long-standing concerns that people experiencing homelessness may not recover well if left unsupported after a hospital stay. This study reports on a study investigating the cost-effectiveness of three different 'in patient care coordination and discharge planning' configurations for adults experiencing homelessness who are discharged from hospitals in England. The first configuration provided a clinical and housing in-reach service during acute care and discharge coordination but with no 'step-down' care. The second configuration provided clinical and housing in-reach, discharge coordination and 'step-down' intermediate care. The third configuration consisted of housing support workers providing in-reach and discharge coordination as well …

Hip Osteoarthritis: A Novel Network Analysis Of Subchondral Trabecular Bone Structures, Mohsen Dorraki, Dzenita Muratovic, Anahita Fouladzadeh, Johan W Verjans, Andrew Allison, David M Findlay, Derek Abbott

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a degenerative joint disease that leads to the progressive destruction of subchondral bone and cartilage at the hip joint. Development of effective treatments for HOA remains an open problem, primarily due to the lack of knowledge of its pathogenesis and a typically late-stage diagnosis. We describe a novel network analysis methodology for microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) images of human trabecular bone. We explored differences between the trabecular bone microstructure of femoral heads with and without HOA. Large-scale automated extraction of the network formed by trabecular bone revealed significant network properties not previously reported for bone. Profound differences …

Global Changes In Chromatin Accessibility And Transcription In Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma, Meng Wang, Chenxing Ji, Yichao Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Huiping Guo, Nidan Qiao, Xiang Zhou, Xiaoyun Cao, Zhen Ye, Yifei Yu, Vladimir Melnikov, Wei Gong, Min He, Zhaoyun Zhang, Yao Zhao, Xuelong Wang, Gang Wei, Zhao Ye

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is an insidious disease with persistent hypersecretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have investigated the transcription of GHPA. However, the gene regulatory landscape has not been fully characterized. The objective of our study was to unravel the changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription in GHPA.

METHODS: Six patients diagnosed with GHPA in the Department of Neurosurgery at Huashan Hospital were enrolled in our study. Primary pituitary adenoma tissues and adjacent normal pituitary specimens with no morphologic abnormalities from these six patients were obtained at …

Mucins Muc5ac And Muc5b Are Variably Packaged In The Same And In Separate Secretory Granules, Oanh N Hoang, Anna Ermund, Ana M Jaramillo, Dalia Fakih, Cory B French, Jose R Flores, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Jesper M Magnusson, Giorgio Fois, Michael Fauler, Manfred Frick, Peter Braubach, Joshua B Hales, Richard C Kurten, Reynold Panettieri, Leoncio Vergara, Camille Ehre, Roberto Adachi, Michael J Tuvim, Gunnar C Hansson, Burton F Dickey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Stroke Genetics Informs Drug Discovery And Risk Prediction Across Ancestries, Aniket Mishra, Rainer Malik, Tsuyoshi Hachiya, Tuuli Jürgenson, Shinichi Namba, Daniel C Posner, Frederick K Kamanu, Masaru Koido, Quentin Le Grand, Mingyang Shi, Yunye He, Marios K Georgakis, Ilana Caro, Kristi Krebs, Yi-Ching Liaw, Felix C Vaura, Kuang Lin, Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Livia Parodi, Hee-Joon Bae, Ganesh Chauhan, Michael R Chong, Liisa Tomppo, Rufus Akinyemi, Gennady V Roshchupkin, Naomi Habib, Yon Ho Jee, Jesper Qvist Thomassen, Vida Abedi, Jara Cárcel-Márquez, Marianne Nygaard, Hampton L Leonard, Chaojie Yang, Ekaterina Yonova-Doing, Maria J Knol, Adam J Lewis, Renae L Judy, Tetsuro Ago, Philippe Amouyel, Nicole D Armstrong, Mark K Bakker, Traci M Bartz, David A Bennett, Joshua C Bis, Constance Bordes, Sigrid Børte, Anael Cain, Paul M Ridker, Kelly Cho, Zhengming Chen, Carlos Cruchaga, John W Cole, Phil L De Jager, Rafael De Cid, Matthias Endres, Leslie E Ferreira, Mirjam I Geerlings, Natalie C Gasca, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jun Hata, Jing He, Alicia K Heath, Yuk-Lam Ho, Aki S Havulinna, Jemma C Hopewell, Hyacinth I Hyacinth, Michael Inouye, Mina A Jacob, Christina E Jeon, Christina Jern, Masahiro Kamouchi, Keith L Keene, Takanari Kitazono, Steven J Kittner, Takahiro Konuma, Amit Kumar, Paul Lacaze, Lenore J Launer, Keon-Joo Lee, Kaido Lepik, Jiang Li, Liming Li, Ani Manichaikul, Hugh S Markus, Nicholas A Marston, Thomas Meitinger, Braxton D Mitchell, Felipe A Montellano, Takayuki Morisaki, Thomas H Mosley, Mike A Nalls, Børge G Nordestgaard, Martin J O'Donnell, Yukinori Okada, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Bruce Ovbiagele, Annette Peters, Bruce M Psaty, Stephen S Rich, Jonathan Rosand, Marc S Sabatine, Ralph L Sacco, Danish Saleheen, Else Charlotte Sandset, Veikko Salomaa, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Makoto Sasaki, Claudia L Satizabal, Carsten O Schmidt, Atsushi Shimizu, Nicholas L Smith, Kelly L Sloane, Yoichi Sutoh, Yan V Sun, Kozo Tanno, Steffen Tiedt, Turgut Tatlisumak, Nuria P Torres-Aguila, Hemant K Tiwari, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Stella Trompet, Anil Man Tuladhar, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Marion Van Vugt, Riina Vibo, Shefali S Verma, Kerri L Wiggins, Patrik Wennberg, Daniel Woo, Peter W F Wilson, Huichun Xu, Qiong Yang, Kyungheon Yoon, Compass Consortium, Invent Consortium, Dutch Parelsnoer Initiative (Psi) Cerebrovascular Disease Study Group, Estonian Biobank, Precise4q Consortium, Finngen Consortium, Ninds Stroke Genetics Network (Sign), Megastroke Consortium, Siren Consortium, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, Va Million Veteran Program, International Stroke Genetics Consortium (Isgc), Biobank Japan, Charge Consortium, Gigastroke Consortium, Iona Y Millwood, Christian Gieger, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Hans J Grabe, J Wouter Jukema, Ina L Rissanen, Daniel Strbian, Young Jin Kim, Pei-Hsin Chen, Ernst Mayerhofer, Joanna M M Howson, Marguerite R Irvin, Hieab Adams, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Kaare Christensen, Mohammad A Ikram, Tatjana Rundek, Bradford B Worrall, G Mark Lathrop, Moeen Riaz, Eleanor M Simonsick, Janika Kõrv, Paulo H C França, Ramin Zand, Kameshwar Prasad, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Frank-Erik De Leeuw, Thomas Liman, Karl Georg Haeusler, Ynte M Ruigrok, Peter Ulrich Heuschmann, W T Longstreth, Keum Ji Jung, Lisa Bastarache, Guillaume Paré, Scott M Damrauer, Daniel I Chasman, Jerome I Rotter, Christopher D Anderson, John-Anker Zwart, Teemu J Niiranen, Myriam Fornage, Yung-Po Liaw, Sudha Seshadri, Israel Fernández-Cadenas, Robin G Walters, Christian T Ruff, Mayowa O Owolabi, Jennifer E Huffman, Lili Milani, Yoichiro Kamatani, Martin Dichgans, Stephanie Debette

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary …

The Roles Of Sleep And Eating Patterns In Adiposity Gain Among Preschool-Aged Children, Amy R Goetz, Ishita Jindal, Jennette P Moreno, Maurice R Puyau, Anne L Adolph, Salma Musaad, Nancy F Butte, Fida Bacha

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Short sleep durations are related to risks for obesity in preschool children. However, the underlying mechanism or mechanisms are not clear.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relationships between sleep characteristics and body composition, energetics, and weight-regulating behaviors in preschool-aged children, as well as the longitudinal associations between children's sleep and eating patterns and body composition at a 1-year follow-up.

METHODS: Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of 118 children aged 3-5 years. Sleep (duration, midpoint, regularity) and physical activity (PA) were measured by accelerometry over 6 consecutive days; total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water …

Choosing And Switching Biological Agents In Severe Asthma, Muhammad Adrish, Nicola A Hanania

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Inhibition Of Nuclear Factor Of Activated T-Cell C2 Prevents Atrial Fibrillation In Crem Transgenic Mice, Li Ni, Satadru K Lahiri, Jiali Nie, Xiaolu Pan, Issam Abu-Taha, Julia O Reynolds, Hannah M Campbell, Haihao Wang, Markus Kamler, Wilhelm Schmitz, Frank Ulrich Müller, Na Li, Xiang Wei, Dao Wen Wang, Dobromir Dobrev, Xander H T Wehrens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIMS: Abnormal intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling contributes to the progressive nature of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Evidence in mouse models suggests that activation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) signalling pathway contributes to atrial remodelling. Our aim was to determine the role of NFATc2 in AF in humans and mouse models.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Expression levels of NFATc1-c4 isoforms were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in right atrial appendages from patients with chronic AF (cAF). NFATc1 and NFATc2 mRNA levels were elevated in cAF patients compared with those in normal sinus …

Hospital Change To Mixed Lipid Emulsion From Soybean Oil-Based Lipid Emulsion For Parenteral Nutrition In Hospitalized And Critically Ill Adults Improves Outcomes: A Pre–Post-Comparative Study, Krista L Haines, Tetsu Ohnuma, Charles Trujillo, Obanor Osamudiamen, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Karthik Raghunathan, Paul E Wischmeyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Early data suggest use of a mixed lipid emulsion (LE) with a soybean oil reduction strategy in parenteral nutrition (PN) may improve clinical outcomes. Duke University Hospital made a full switch to a Soybean oil/MCT/Olive/Fish Oil lipid (4-OLE) from pure soybean oil-based LE (Intralipid, Baxter Inc) in May 2017. Since 4-OLE has limited evidence related to its effects on clinical outcome parameters in US hospitals, evidence for clinical benefits of switching to 4-OLE is needed. Therefore, we examined the clinical utility of a hospital-wide switch to 4-OLE and its effect on patient outcomes.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective …

Covid-19 Pandemic And Infant Neurodevelopmental Impairment: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kamran Hessami, Amir Hossein Norooznezhad, Sonia Monteiro, Enrico R Barrozo, Abolfazl Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Sara E Arian, Nikan Zargarzadeh, Lara S Shekerdemian, Kjersti M Aagaard, Alireza A Shamshirsaz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Primary studies proposed that aberrant maternal antiviral immunity and/or giving birth in quarantine, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may be associated with the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in offspring.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations of birth and being raised during the COVID-19 pandemic with risk of NDI among infants and to assess the association of gestational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with risk of NDI.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and preprint servers were systematically searched from inception to March 25, 2022.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies evaluating the neurodevelopment of infants born during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic …

A Novel Qkd Approach To Enhance Iiot Privacy And Computational Knacks, Kranthi Kumar Singamaneni, Gaurav Dhiman, Sapna Juneja, Ghulam Muhammad, Salman A Alqahtani, John Zaki

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The industry-based internet of things (IIoT) describes how IIoT devices enhance and extend their capabilities for production amenities, security, and efficacy. IIoT establishes an enterprise-to-enterprise setup that means industries have several factories and manufacturing units that are dependent on other sectors for their services and products. In this context, individual industries need to share their information with other external sectors in a shared environment which may not be secure. The capability to examine and inspect such large-scale information and perform analytical protection over the large volumes of personal and organizational information demands authentication and confidentiality so that the total data …

The Emerging Spectrum Of Cardiopulmonary Pathology Of The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Report Of 3 Autopsies From Houston, Texas, And Review Of Autopsy Findings From Other United States Cities, Manish Bodas, Bharathiraja Subramaniyan, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Peter F Vitiello, Matthew S Walters

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The mammalian respiratory system or lung is a tree-like branching structure, and the main site of gas exchange with the external environment. Structurally, the lung is broadly classified into the proximal (or conducting) airways and the distal alveolar region, where the gas exchange occurs. In parallel with the respiratory tree, the pulmonary vasculature starts with large pulmonary arteries that subdivide rapidly ending in capillaries adjacent to alveolar structures to enable gas exchange. The NOTCH signalling pathway plays an important role in lung development, differentiation and regeneration post-injury. Signalling via the NOTCH pathway is mediated through activation of four NOTCH receptors …