Cardiology Commons^™

Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Markers Of Myocardial Injury And Inflammation In People Living With Hiv In Nairobi, Kenya: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study, Hassan Adan Ahmed, Jeilan Mohamed, Isaiah G. Akuku, Kuan Ken Lee, Shirjel R. Alam, Pablo Perel, Jasmit Shah, Mohammed K. Ali, Sherry Eskander, Michael H. Chung

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and explore associations with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kenya.

Design: Pilot cross-sectional study.

Setting: Data were collected from community HIV clinics across two sites in Nairobi, Kenya, from July 2019 to May 2020.

Participants: Convenience sample of 200 PLHIV (≥30 years with no prior history of CVD).

Outcome measures: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and its association with hsTnI and hsCRP levels.

Results: Across 200 PLHIV (median age 46 years, IQR 38–53; 61% women), the …

The Role Of Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 (Mpc1) In Heart Failure And Its Implications For Cardiac Recovery, Obadiah Issachar Kirk

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with high mortality rates around the world. HF also has diverse etiology as many things contribute such as hypertension, obesity, coronary artery disease, inflammation, and cardiac arrhythmias. Studies have shown that unloading of a failing heart with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can lead to cardiac recovery in a subpopulation of individuals with advanced HF. RNA-sequencing and protein expression analysis of myocardial tissue from HF patients who underwent the LVAD implant and heart transplant indicated that subpopulation of HF patients who responded to LVAD unloading had significantly lower levels of mitochondrial pyruvate …

Induction Of Autophagy Restores The Loss Of Sevoflurane Cardiac Preconditioning Seen With Prolonged Ischemic Insult., Mayumi Shiomi, Masami Miyamae, Genzou Takemura, Kazuhiro Kaneda, Yoshitaka Inamura, Anna Onishi, Shizuka Koshinuma, Yoshihiro Momota, Toshiaki Minami, Vincent M. Figueredo, M.D.

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Sevoflurane preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is lost if the ischemic insult is too long. Emerging evidence suggests that induction of autophagy may also confer cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We examined whether induction of autophagy prolongs sevoflurane preconditioning protection during a longer ischemic insult. Isolated guinea pigs hearts were subjected to 30 or 45 min ischemia, followed by 120 min reperfusion (control). Anesthetic preconditioning was elicited with 2% sevoflurane for 10 min prior to ischemia (SEVO-30, SEVO-45). Chloramphenicol (autophagy upregulator, 300 µM) was administered starting 20 min before ischemia and throughout reperfusion in SEVO-45 (SEVO-45+CAP). To inhibit autophagy, 3-methyladenine (10 …

Direct Evidence For Inhibition Of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening By Sevoflurane Preconditioning In Cardiomyocytes: Comparison With Cyclosporine A., Anna Onishi, Masami Miyamae, Kazuhiro Kaneda, Junichiro Kotani, Vincent M. Figueredo

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

To assess whether sevoflurane preconditioning is associated with inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), the effects of sevoflurane were compared with those of cyclosporine A, a known inhibitor of MPTP opening. Isolated perfused guinea pig hearts underwent 30 min global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion (control). Sevoflurane preconditioning was elicited by administration of 2% sevoflurane for 10 min with 10 min washout before ischemia (sevoflurane). A preconditioning-like cardioprotection was also induced by administering cyclosporine A (0.2 μM) for 15 min, starting 5 min before ischemia and for 10 min after the onset of reperfusion (cyclosporine A). Left ventricular developed …

Cardioprotection By Regular Ethanol Consumption: Potential Mechanisms And Clinical Application., Masami Miyamae, Kazuhiro Kaneda, Naochika Domae, Vincent M. Figueredo, M.D.

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that excessive drinking is associated with hypertension, cerebral bleeding and loss of cardiac contractility. Conversely, studies have shown that mortality rates for people who regularly drink ethanol in moderation are lower than in abstainers, primarily due to decreased fatal ischemic heart disease. Further, moderate ethanol consumers have lower rates of myocardial infarction compared with abstainers. These beneficial cardiac effects may be due to pleiotropic effects of ethanol on lipids, platelets, and fibrinolytic activity. During the past decade, studies conducted in several animal models have revealed that light to moderate regular ethanol consumption renders hearts more tolerant to …

Knowledge Of Modifiable Risk Factors Of Heart Disease Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction In Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study, Muhammad S. Khan, Fahim H. Jafary, Tazeen H. Jafar, Azhar M. Faruqui, Syed I. Rasool, Juanita Hatcher, Nish Chaturvedi

Community Health Sciences

Background: Knowledge is an important pre-requisite for implementing both primary as well as secondary preventive strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are no estimates of the level of knowledge of risk factor of heart disease in patients with CVD. We estimated the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors and determined the factors associated with good level of knowledge among patients presenting with their first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, a major tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Patients …

Cardiogenic Shock After Dipyridamole Administration For Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Fahim H. Jafary, Nageeb Basir, Adnan Amin, Nasiruddin Ahmed

Section of Cardiology

No abstract provided.