Cardiology Commons^™

Congenital Mitral Valve Regurgitation, The Dilemma Of Repair Versus Replacement, Bianca Cherestal, Doaa Aly

Posters

Background: Congenital mitral regurgitation is a rare condition and can be challenging to manage when presenting in the neonatal period.

Case: Two week old male presented with poor weight gain, murmur and cardiomegaly on chest X-ray. Echocardiogram showed moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension (PHN) (fig 1 a, b). The mitral valve (MV) leaflets were thickened and tethered with failure of central coaptation. PHN was classified as WHO I and II (due to persistent PHN of newborn and MR respectively). Inhaled nitric oxide, Enalapril and Furosemide were initiated. Cardiac catheterization revealed PVRi of 8.9 WU x …

Atrial Standstill In A Pediatric Patient With Scn5a Mutation Following Procainamide Challenge, Anmol Goyal, Lindsey Malloy-Walton, Christopher Follansbee

Posters

Background: Atrial standstill (AS) is a rare arrhythmia characterized by absence of electrical and mechanical atrial activity associated with SCN5A channelopathy.

Case: An 18 year old male with structurally normal heart, frequent sinus pauses, nonsustained atrial tachycardia and high-grade block was found to have SCN5A mutation c.3823G>A (p.Asp1275Asn). An electrophysiology study (EPS) with high density voltage mapping of the right atrium was done (Fig 1a). Nonsustained multifocal atrial tachycardia was induced without ablative targets (Fib 1b). Procainamide challenge was negative for Brugada, however induced AS (Fig 1c-d). No atrial capture could be achieved at maximal output. Empiric atrial lead …

Constrictive Pericarditis After Repair Of A Ruptured Sinus Of Valsalva, Sarah Studyvin, Sanket Shah

Posters

Background: Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a rare complication of cardiac surgery. We report a patient who developed CP after ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) repair.

Case: A 23-year-old male presented with severe exertional dyspnea one year after RSOV repair. Echocardiogram showed thickened pericardium, ventricular septal bounce (Fig 1A), left atrial enlargement, diastolic hepatic flow reversal (Fig 1B), and trivial mitral regurgitation without stenosis. He underwent cardiac catheterization, which revealed elevated filling pressures (RVEDP 16 mmHg, LVEDP 18 mmHg), RVEDP/RVSP ratio < 0.5, and a low cardiac index (1.65 L/min/m2). Cardiac MRI on the same day confirmed pericardial thickening (Fig D) with paradoxic septal motion, dilated pulmonary veins (Fig 1F) and retrograde flow in the SVC.

Decision‐making: Pericardiectomy of thickened and adherent pericardium was performed without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The central venous pressure decreased …

Not-So-Apparent Mixing Lesions: Late Presentation Of Cardioembolic Stroke, Amulya Buddhavarapu, Christopher Mathis, William Gibson, Sanket Shah

Posters

Background: Multiple levels of inter-atrial shunting can rarely present late in life with dyspnea and embolic stroke from effects of bidirectional shunting.

Case: A 55-year-old male with history of a patent foramen ovale, atrial fibrillation and embolic stroke presented with worsening fatigue and dyspnea at rest. Echocardiogram showed mildly reduced ventricular function with severe right heart dilation. On transesophageal echo, the coronary sinus (CS) was severely dilated with a persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC). A stress test showed no perfusion defects. CT angiography showed an absence of right SVC and a single LSVC connecting to the CS. There was …

Online Echocardiography Modules For Pediatric Cardiology Fellows, Sarah Studyvin, Doaa Aly, Laura Kuzava, Tyler Johnson, Alison Samrany, Nitin Madan, Sanket Shah

Posters

Background: Adequate echocardiographic (echo) education is integral to successful cardiology training. Online education is proven to be effective in other specialties, but pediatric echo training data are lacking. Our aim was to design and assess the role of a novel online module-based curriculum to enhance pediatric cardiology fellows’ echo education.

Methods: Four interactive modules, focused on principles and interpretation of a normal echo, were delivered to fellows. Content included high quality 2D and 3D echo clips (Fig 1A) as well as interactive quizzes (Fig 1B) and could be accessed from a phone, tablet, or computer. All fellows completed pre- and …

Pharmacists’ Role In The Management Of Patients Receiving Dual Or Triple Antithrombotic Therapy, Laura Neubauer, Radhan Gopalani, Kristen De Almeida

All Publications

Purpose: Patients on dual and triple antithrombotic therapy present the therapeutic dilemma of mitigating bleed risk while sustaining antithrombotic efficacy. Lack of literature and variability in existing published guidance potentiates inconsistent management of these patients. Furthermore, suboptimal dosing of direct oral anticoagulants is relatively common. One study reported as high as 43% of patients receive higher and 13% receive lower than clinically indicated doses. These findings were associated with a significantly increased risk of major bleeding and incidence of stroke, thus highlighting the importance of selecting an ideal regimen. The purpose of this project is to highlight pharmacists’ role in …

Identifying The Cardiovascular Effects Of Multiple Pollutants., Katlyn Elizabeth Mcgraw

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death from environmental exposures. Although exposure to PM_2.5 is an established risk factor for CVD, the contribution of other hazardous pollutant exposure to CVD is less clear. Overall, this work aimed to examine the effect of pollutants with lesser documented effects on cardiovascular disease using a multi-pronged approach to exposure assessment. The three aims were to examine the relationship between county-level toxic chemical releases and CVD mortality in the contiguous United States between 2002 and 2012, to assess the relationship between individual-level VOC metabolites and vascular function, and to build multipollutant …

Prenatal Diagnosis Of An Uncommon Form Of A Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Variant., Anmol Goyal, Kelsey Pinnick, Rita France, Maria Kiaffas

Posters

Background: Mitral valve dysplasia syndrome (MVDS) is a rare form of congenital heart disease, similar to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Prenatal identification is important for counseling, delivery planning and postnatal management.

Case: A 39 year-old woman underwent fetal echocardiography at ~34 weeks gestation for evaluation of fetal cardiomegaly and hydrops revealing: biatrial enlargement, mild-to-moderate mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency, echobright mitral valve apparatus, biventricular dilation, severe LV fibroelastosis (EFE) and systolic dysfunction, mild hypoplasia of aortic valve annulus and aortic arch, and a thick restrictive atrial septum (RAS) with left to right flow (Fig 1a-c).

Decision‐making: Although critical aortic …

Computational Sentiment Analysis Of An Online Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Forum: Positivity Predominates, Melissa Austin, Abhiraj Saxena, Thomas O'Malley, Elizabeth Maynes, Henry Moncure, Nathan Ott, H. Todd Massey, Francesco Moscato, Antonio Loforte, John M Stulak, Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Background: The impact of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) complications on the individual patient, overall sentiment, and its effect on referral patterns, is not fully understood. We sought to better understand patient attitudes towards LVAD therapy using a computational sentiment analysis approach.

Methods: Posts, comments, and titles were parsed from MyLVAD.com's HTML as a text file using custom Python scripts (version 3.6). Individual word frequency was computed with word classification as 'positive', 'negative', or 'neutral'. Data transformation and cleaning, sentiment determination, and analysis was performed with a binary dictionary package using R software (version 3.6).

Results: Sixty-six thousand eight hundred …

Triggers And Outcomes Of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy In Cancer Patients, Antoine Addoumieh, Dinu Balanescu, Teodora Donisan, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Peter Kim

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a well described entity characterized by transient and reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Primary TC is triggered by psychological or emotional stress, whereas secondary TC could be due to trauma, surgery or medications. We aimed to compare outcomes in primary TC and secondary TC in cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively identified 80 patients who presented with TC to MD Anderson between December 2008 and January 2019. Baseline characteristics were obtained. We identified the triggers leading to TC. Univariate analysis was done using Cox regression. Kaplan Meier method (KM) was used to compare survival based …

Perivascular Adipose Tissue In Relation To Diet, Thermogenesis And Cardiovascular Health, Ginger Paquette, Caitlin Stieber, Ashely Soucy, Benjamin Tero, Lucy Liaw

Thinking Matters Symposium

Adipose tissue is a diverse and crucial component to vascular health due to its role in energy storage and heat production. The primary function of white adipose tissue (WAT) is energy storage while the function of mitochondria-rich brown adipose tissue (BAT) is heat production. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which surrounds blood vessels, contains both WAT and BAT adipocytes. Dietary calorie restriction is associated with increased lifespan with decreased adiposity. Increased prevalence of WAT-like PVAT, due to high-fat diets and obesity, leads to increased metabolic disfunction and cardiovascular-disease. We used a calorie-restriction model in C57BL6/J mice to test the hypothesis that …

Hemodynamic Management Of Patients With Ejection Fraction < 50% Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Ablation, Aaron B. Hesselson, Heather Hesselson

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

There is no consensus regarding optimal methodology forblood pressure monitoring inpatients with a depressed ejection fraction undergoingcatheter ablationfor atrial fibrillation. Our goalswere to determine ifhemodynamicmanagementdifferences exist during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with and without an ejection fraction< 50%, and whether management was influenced by the utilization of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring. This single-center trial retrospectively compared blood pressure management during catheterablation of atrial fibrillationin all patients with an ejection fraction< 50% over a 2-year span (n=44), and compared to an age-matched cohort with preserved ejection fraction ablated over the same span in time (n=44). Blood pressure was not significantly managed differently between the groups, and did not appear to be influenced by the use of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring. Hemodynamic management is similar across the spectrum of ejection fraction, regardless of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring, which challenges the need for invasive arterial blood pressure monitoringduringcatheter ablation ofatrial fibrillationin left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

The Role Of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators For The Prevention Of Ventricular Arrhythmia In Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients, Nikhil Reddy, Cristina Ortiz, Toshimasa Okabe, Muhammad Afzal, Mohamed H. Derbala, Asvin Ganapathi, Sakima Smith

Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Advanced heart failure represents a significant strain on our health care system and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. New device therapies, including left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, have transformed management as both a destination therapy and as a bridge to transplantation. Although LVADs have improved patient outcomes, arrhythmias represent a significant and costly complication of this therapy. In recent years, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been developed to reduce the incidence of lethal arrhythmia. However, a gap in the literature exists for both guidelines in prevention of early ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in LVAD recipients and the effectiveness of …

Methamphetamine Associated Cardiomyopathy And Fatal Thrombus Formation, Kaitlynne Pak, Sanuri Gunawardena, Ericson Torralba, Juan Linares, Damian Valencia, Nathaniel Dittoe

Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Stimulant abuse is a rapidly growing epidemic both in the United States, and around the world. Reports show that nearly 4.7 million Americans have tried methamphetamines at least once. It is known that methamphetamines and related compounds significantly increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Substance-related chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis can cause irreversible cardiac structural changes, leading to conditions like methamphetamine-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (MACM). Left ventricular dilation results in hemodynamic flow disturbances, which promote turbulent blood flow and stagnation. Furthermore, the sympathomimetic effects of methamphetamines also disrupt pathways in coagulation homeostasis, providing further incitement of thrombus formation. This unstable catecholamine driven …

Hypertension As A Sequela In Patients Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection., Ganxiao Chen, Xun Li, Zuojiong Gong, Hao Xia, Yao Wang, Xuefen Wang, Yan Huang, Hector Barajas-Martinez, Dan Hu

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, and cardiovascular damage is commonly observed in affected patients. We sought to investigate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiac injury and hypertension during the current coronavirus pandemic.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The clinical data of 366 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients were analyzed. The clinical signs and laboratory findings were extracted from electronic medical records. Two independent, experienced clinicians reviewed and analyzed the data.

RESULTS: Cardiac injury was found in 11.19% (30/268) of enrolled patients. 93.33% (28/30) of cardiac injury cases were in the severe group. The laboratory findings indicated that …

Heyde’S Syndrome: An Enigma, Fayaz Mohammed Khazi, Nayyer R. Siddiqi, Yehia Mohamed Karaly, Obaid Aljassim, Zohair Y. Al-Halees

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Heyde's syndrome (HS) is described as the association between recurrent bleeding from angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract and aortic stenosis. Aortic valve replacement has been reported to stop the bleeding. In unfit patients, the options available are interventional or conservative management. We hereby report an elderly obese patient with severe comorbidity with complicated HS involving a narrow aortic root. She underwent left ventricular outlet myomectomy and aortic root replacement to promote better forward flow and prevent restenosis and recurrence of symptoms. She was discharged home symptom-free despite being on coumadin anticoagulants.

Effects Of Endogenous Angiotensin Ii On Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms And Atherosclerosis In Angiotensin Ii-Infused Mice, Masayoshi Kukida, Hisashi Sawada, Satoko Ohno-Urabe, Deborah A. Howatt, Jessica J. Moorleghen, Marko Poglitsch, Alan Daugherty, Hong S. Lu

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Presence Of Ramus Intermedius Artery On Location Of Culprit Lesions In Acute Left Circumflex Coronary Artery Occlusion, Ahmed El Zayat, Mohey Eldeeb, Marwa Gad, Ismail M. Ibrahim

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background and aim: Coronary artery anatomy frequently affects location of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent culprit lesions. We sought to clarify whether presence or absence of Ramus Intermedius coronary artery (RI) would affect location of culprit lesions in acute left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery occlusion. Methods: The study included 180 patients, 100 with a diagnosis of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 80 with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). All culprit lesions were located in the LCX coronary artery. RI group included 45 patients and the No RI group included 135 patients. Results: Culprit LCX lesions were similarly located at a …

Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement In Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis And Diastolic Dysfunction, Hassan Alharbi, Mohammed Alahmari, Abdulrahman M. Alanazi, Bander Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah Alsuayri, Ahmed Alhaydhal, Amr A. Arafat, Khaled D. Algarni, Wiam Abdelsalam, Sameera Alrajwi, Abdulrahman Almoghairi, Hussin Alamri, Saeed Alahmari, Mohammed Alotaiby

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with poor outcomes; however, the effect of its severity is controversial. We sought to assess the impact of diastolic dysfunction on hospital outcomes and survival after TAVR and identify prognostic factors. Methods: We included patients who underwent TAVR for severe aortic stenosis with preexisting LVDD from 2009 to 2018 (n ¼ 325). Patients with prior mitral valve surgery (n ¼ 4), atrial fibrillation (n ¼ 39), missing or poor baseline diastolic dysfunction assessment (n ¼ 36) were excluded. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. …

Application Of The American College Of Cardiology(Acc/Aha) 2017 Guideline For The Management Ofhypertension In Adults And Comparison With The2014 Eighth Joint National Committee Guideline, Mohammad Alahmad, Salah Aburuz, Rami Beiram

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: This study aims to compare the 2017-ACC/AHA hypertension guideline with 2014-JNC-8 guideline in regard to the number of patients who are eligible for treatment and to determine the physicians’ adherence and the financial impact of implementing the new guideline. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on adult patients who attended the hospital outpatient setting in UAE during January 1, 2018 till February 28, 2018. Adults who are diagnosed with hypertension and those with blood pressure (BP) levels based on two or more readings obtained on two or more different occasions were screened for inclusion into this study and …

Impact Of Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiographyon Diagnostic And Therapeutic Decisions In Patientswith Suspected Prosthetic Heart Valve Dysfunction, Amr Youssef Hassan, Hussien Heshmat Kassem, Hossam Ibrahim Kandil, Marwa Sayed Meshaal, Mohamed Ali Salem, Ahmed Shehata Mohamed

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Introduction: Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a helpful tool to assess the coronary arteries and the great vessels. However, its routine use in the assessment of patients with suspected prosthetic valve dysfunction (PVD) has not been studied thoroughly. Objective: To determine the impact of routine cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) on diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected PVD. Methods and results: This was a prospective cohort study that was conducted on 50 consecutive patients with suspected PVD who underwent both 64-slice ECG-gated CT and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The gold standard was the intraoperative findings. Surgery was performed in …

Safety And Feasibility Of 48 H Discharge After Successful Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Nooraldaem Yousif, Tarique S. Chachar, Suddharsan Subbramaniyam, Vinayak Vadgaonkar, Husam A. Noor

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background: The aim of the current study is to determine the safety of early discharge (ED) within 48 hours (h) for STelevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and to define the criteria of low-risk patients that can be considered for ED. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study that took place at Mohammed bin Khalifa Cardiac Centre in the Kingdom of Bahrain. 301 patients who underwent PPCI between January 2018 and March 2019 were included. Endpoints at 30 days follow-up comprised cardiac re-admission, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and major adverse cardiovascular and …

Cardiac Tamponade, Sever Hypothyroidism And Ards In Down Syndrome With Covid-19 Infection, Fahmi Alkaf, Turki A. Al Garni, Nahes Al-Harbi, Hassan Sandokji, Sondos Samargandy

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

A 21-years-old with Down syndrome presented with respiratory distress. Initial investigations revealed a cardiac tamponade. On further evaluation, he had positive coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), severe chest infection and severe hypothyroidism. He responded well to urgent pericardiocentesis, levothyroxine, hydrocortisone and tocilizumab.

A Shocking Case Of Far-Field Atrial Oversensing In Giant-Cell Myocarditis, Tanuka Datta, Md, S. Melnick, Do, Bharaniabirami Rajaram, Md, Behzad B. Pavri

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

We report a unique case of delivery of inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies related to a “perfect storm”: presence of an integrated lead, insufficient lead slack related to right heart dilation resulting in shock coil misplacement, myocarditis with loss of R waves, and the concomitant occurrence of an incessant atrial tachycardia. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)

Preprocedure Covid-19 Testing In Early Phase Of Pandemic, Renuka Jain, Bradley Kruger, Robert Citronberg, Stacie Kroboth, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Bijoy K. Khandheria

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a nationwide shutdown of elective medical procedures. Upon resumption of services, preprocedure nasopharyngeal swab testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced for all patients requiring surgical or other aerosol-generating procedures. We investigated preprocedure COVID-19 testing in one of the largest U.S. health systems. Patients included in this retrospective, observational study were asymptomatic and scheduled for a procedure or surgery. All patients underwent a nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2 performed 24–72 hours prior to a planned procedure. Clinical demographics, type of procedure, test results, and subsequent procedure status were evaluated. Of 38,608 …

Heart-Healthy Integrative Nutritional Counseling Group Education Sessions Among Chinese Americans With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Or Disease: A Primary Care Quality Improvement Pilot, Jasmin Woo, Evelyn Y. Ho, Jane Jih

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Current biomedical cardiovascular disease nutrition counseling does not incorporate Chinese medicine principles.

Methods: A heart-healthy integrative nutritional counseling (H2INC) curriculum consistent with Chinese medicine principles and biomedical nutrition guidelines was taught to Chinese Americans in group education sessions. Chinese-speaking patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors from an urban general medicine practice were recruited to attend a 90-minute group session. Participants completed pre-post surveys to assess the impact of H2INC on their perceived heart-healthy nutrition knowledge and empowerment, as well as the cultural relevance of H2INC.

Results: A total of 47 participants (mean age: 74 years; 63.8% female) attended …

Seroprevalence Of Sars-Cov-2 Antibody In Echocardiography And Stress Laboratory, Renuka Jain, Stacie Kroboth, Denise Ignatowski, Bijoy K. Khandheria

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Transesophageal echocardiography is an aerosol-generating procedure, and exercise stress testing is a potentially aerosol-generating activity. Concern has been raised about heightened risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among health care personnel participating in these procedures. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in echocardiography and stress laboratory staff.

Methods: All staff who worked in the echocardiography and stress laboratories of one high-traffic urban hospital from March 15, 2020, to June 15, 2020, were asked to voluntarily participate. Those willing to participate were consented, and past COVID-19 infection was …

What Did We Learn About Vads In 2020?, Maya Guglin

The VAD Journal

This is our 7th annual literature review on mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices.

Our previous reports were well received by the readers. The full text of the reviews for 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 are available online.

In this review, we summarized the most interesting and important, from our standpoint, publications covering MCS from 2020. There may be some slight overlap with the end of 2019 because some papers were published online first, and the year of the publication changed when they became available in print.

For the fourth time this year, we …

A Smartphone Intervention To Reduce Hospital Readmission Rates In Adult Patients Who Have Heart Failure, Jami L. Crisman

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of 30-day hospital readmission, with up to 23.5% of Medicare beneficiaries requiring subsequent admission within 30 days post hospital discharge (CMS, 2020a). Mobile-health applications (MHA), such as smartphone applications, have emerged as cost-effective methods to safely manage chronic disease in the outpatient setting (Inglis et al., 2015). The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to evaluate the impact of a MHA on HF-related 30-day readmission rates. The Iowa Model Revised guided the implementation of the project in a rural, for-profit hospital in Northwest Indiana. An extensive literature search was conducted, and …

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring To Improve Hypertension Control: A Narrative Review Of International Guideline Recommendations, John Andraos, Luma Munjy, Michael S. Kelly

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a convenient way to assess out-of-office blood pressure control and is recommended by numerous international guidelines to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of essential hypertension. Although available guidelines recommend the use of HBPM in patients receiving antihypertensive medication, their specific recommendations regarding optimal monitoring schedule, duration, and clinician interpretation of home blood pressure readings may differ among guidelines. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review available international hypertension guideline recommendations related to the use of HBPM to improve hypertension control among patients receiving antihypertensive therapy. We also briefly highlight …