Cardiology Commons^™

Recent Advances On The Molecular Mechanism And Clinical Trials Of Venous Thromboembolism, Shao-Li Huang, Hong-Yi Xin, Xiao-Yan Wang, Guang-Gui Feng, Fu-Qing Wu, Zhi-Peng Feng, Zhou Xing, Xi-He Zhang, Hong-Wu Xin, Wen-Ying Luo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Venous thromboembolism is a condition that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It is the third most common cardiovascular disease behind acute coronary heart disease and stroke. Over the past few years, growing research suggests that venous thrombosis is also related to the immune system and inflammatory factors have been confirmed to be involved in venous thrombosis. The role of inflammation and inflammation-related biomarkers in cerebrovascular thrombotic disease is the subject of ongoing debate. P-selectin leads to platelet-monocyte aggregation and stimulates vascular inflammation and thrombosis. The dysregulation of miRNAs has also been reported in venous thrombosis, suggesting the involvement …

Age And Sex-Specific Stroke Epidemiology In Covid-19, Youngran Kim, Maria A Parekh, Xiaojin Li, Yan Huang, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Bharti Manwani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has emerged as an independent risk factor for stroke. We aimed to determine age and sex-specific stroke incidence and risk factors with COVID-19 in the US using a large electronic health record (EHR) that included both inpatients and outpatients.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using individual-level data from Optum

RESULTS: Of 387,330 COVID-19 patients, 2,752 patients (0.71%, 95% CI 0.68-0.74) developed stroke during the 180-day follow-up, AIS in 0.65% (95% CI 0.62-0.67), and ICH in 0.11% (95% CI 0.10-0.12). Of strokes among COVID-19 patients, 57% occurred within 3 days. Advanced age was associated with a substantially …

Plasma Protein Biomarkers Of Healthy Dietary Patterns: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study And The Framingham Heart Study, Shutong Du, Jingsha Chen, Hyunju Kim, Maura E Walker, Alice H Lichtenstein, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Peter Ganz, Bing Yu, Ramachandran S Vasan, Josef Coresh, Casey M Rebholz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of healthy dietary patterns are poorly understood. Identifying protein biomarkers of dietary patterns can contribute to characterizing biological pathways influenced by food intake.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify protein biomarkers associated with four indexes of healthy dietary patterns: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015); Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010); DASH diet; and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED).

Methods: Analyses were conducted on 10,490 Black and White men and women aged 49-73 y from the ARIC study at visit 3 (1993-1995). Dietary intake data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and plasma proteins were quantified using …

Subendocardial And Transmural Myocardial Ischemia: Clinical Characteristics, Prevalence, And Outcomes With And Without Revascularization, K Lance Gould, Tung Nguyen, Richard Kirkeeide, Amanda E Roby, Linh Bui, Danai Kitkungvan, Monica B Patel, Mohammad Madjid, Mary Haynie, Dejian Lai, Ruosha Li, Jagat Narula, Nils P Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Subendocardial ischemia is commonly diagnosed but not quantified by imaging.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to define size and severity of subendocardial and transmural stress perfusion deficits, clinical associations, and outcomes.

METHODS: Regional rest-stress perfusion in mL/min/g, coronary flow reserve, coronary flow capacity (CFC), relative stress flow, subendocardial stress-to-rest ratio and stress subendocardial-to-subepicardial ratio as percentage of left ventricle were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) with rubidium Rb 82 and dipyridamole stress in serial 6,331 diagnostic PETs with prospective 10-year follow-up for major adverse cardiac events with and without revascularization.

RESULTS: Of 6,331 diagnostic PETs, 1,316 (20.7%) had severely …

Exercise And Ischemia-Activated Pathways In Limb Muscle Angiogenesis And Vascular Regeneration, Vihang A Narkar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Exercise has a profound effect on cardiovascular disease, particularly through vascular remodeling and regeneration. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one such cardiovascular condition that benefits from regular exercise or rehabilitative physical therapy in terms of slowing the progression of disease and delaying amputations. Various rodent pre-clinical studies using models of PAD and exercise have shed light on molecular pathways of vascular regeneration. Here, I review key exercise-activated signaling pathways (nuclear receptors, kinases, and hypoxia inducible factors) in the skeletal muscle that drive paracrine regenerative angiogenesis. The rationale for highlighting the skeletal muscle is that it is the largest organ recruited …

Induction Of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura By Dengue Virus Infection In A Critical Patient: Role Of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange, Rathindra Nath Biswas, Sudipta Sekhar Das, Anupam Chakrapani, Subrata Sen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) secondary to dengue fever is a very unusual occurrence. Both conditions are fatal and can result in significant mortality and morbidity if left untreated. In this case, we present a young lady who suffered dengue fever followed by microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and altered sensorium. Investigations revealed microangiopathic hemolysis; there was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. As soon as, we diagnosed the patient as having TTP, we treated her with serial plasma exchange therapy, steroids, and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab. The patient responded very well to the treatment and completely recovered from neurological symptoms …

Using Rna-Based Therapies To Target The Kidney In Cardiovascular Disease, Trecia C Palmer, Robert W Hunter

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

RNA-based therapies are currently used for immunisation against infections and to treat metabolic diseases. They can modulate gene expression in immune cells and hepatocytes, but their use in other cell types has been limited by an inability to selectively target specific tissues. Potential solutions to this targeting problem involve packaging therapeutic RNA molecules into delivery vehicles that are preferentially delivered to cells of interest. In this review, we consider why the kidney is a desirable target for RNA-based therapies in cardiovascular disease and discuss how such therapy could be delivered. Because the kidney plays a central role in maintaining cardiovascular …

Flecainide For Conversion And Maintenance Of Sinus Rhythm After Mitral Valve Replacement In Rheumatic Atrial Fibrillation, Umesh Tripathi, Aditya Kapoor, Surendra Kumar Agarwal, Prabhat Tewari, Shantanu Pande, Bipin Chandra, Ankit Sahu, Roopali Khanna, Sudeep Kumar, Naveen Garg, Satyendra Tewari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite successful mitral valve replacement (MVR), many patients remain in AF. Flecainide can be useful in these patients but has not been used because of underlying structural heart disease.

METHODS: We assessed oral flecainide for conversion and maintenance of SR in 25 patients of chronic rheumatic AF following MVR (age 34.4 yrs, mean AF duration: 3.6 yrs). Non-converters underwent DC cardioversion at 24 h and 4 weeks. Patients received flecainide and bb/diltiazem at discharge.

RESULTS: Single oral dose of Flecainide achieved SR in 6/25 (24%) while 19/25 achieved SR after DCC; at24 h 21/25 (84%) were in SR. With …

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged And Older Adult Vietnamese American Members Of A Northern California Health Plan, Donna B Haysbert, Joan C Lo, Nirmala D Ramalingam, Nancy P Gordon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing recognition that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors vary by Asian subgroups. We examined CVD risk factor prevalence among Vietnamese adults in a northern California health plan.

METHODS: We used electronic health record data to examine smoking, overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m

RESULTS: Current smoking prevalence was 20.3% for middle-aged men, 7.0% for older men, and

CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that more research on health conditions, lifestyle, and social factors among Vietnamese American adults is needed to develop culturally competent interventions to reduce CVD risk in this growing ethnic group.

Cytosolic Dna Sensing Protein Pathway Is Activated In Human Hearts With Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Leila Rouhi, Sirisha M Cheedipudi, Benjamin Cathcart, Priyatansh Gurha, Ali J Marian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The genome is constantly exposed to numerous stressors, which induce DNA lesions, including double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). DSBs are the most dangerous, as they induce genomic instability. In response to DNA damage, the cell activates nuclear DNA damage response (DDR) and the cytosolic DNA sensing protein (CDSP) pathways, the latter upon release of the DSBs to the cytosol. The CDSP pathway activates NFκB and IRF3, which induce the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes. There is scant data on the activation of the CDSP pathway in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

AIM: We aimed to determine expression levels of …

Ifabp Levels Predict Visceral Malperfusion In The First Hours After Open Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair, Panagiotis Doukas, Cathryn Bassett, Hanif Krabbe, Jelle Frankort, Michael J Jacobs, Moustafa Elfeky, Alexander Gombert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal ischemia after open thoracoabdominal aortic repairs, is a rare but devastating complication, associated with high mortality. Notoriously challenging to diagnose, visceral malperfusion necessitates immediate surgical attention. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) has been proposed as a biomarker for the diagnosis of intestinal wall damage. In this prospectively conducted, observational study we evaluated the diagnostic capacity of IFABP levels in patients' serum and their correlation with visceral malperfusion.

METHODS: 23 patients undergoing open thoracoabdominal aortic repairs were included in this study and 8 of them were diagnosed postoperatively with visceral malperfusion-defined as a partial or complete thrombotic occlusion of …

Effect Of Concurrent Mitral Valve Surgery For Secondary Mitral Regurgitation Upon Mortality After Aortic Valve Replacement Or Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, Shyamal R Asher, Chin Siang Ong, Raymond J Malapero, Mahyar Heydarpour, Gregory W Malzberg, Jasmine T Shahram, Thy B Nguyen, Douglas C Shook, Stanton K Shernan, Prem Shekar, Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Rodolfo Citro, Jochen D Muehlschlegel, Simon C Body

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: It is uncertain whether concurrent mitral valve repair or replacement for moderate or greater secondary mitral regurgitation at the time of coronary artery bypass graft or aortic valve replacement surgery improves long-term survival.

METHODS: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and/or aortic valve replacement surgery with moderate or greater secondary mitral regurgitation were reviewed. The effect of concurrent mitral valve repair or replacement upon long-term mortality was assessed while accounting for patient and operative characteristics and mitral regurgitation severity.

RESULTS: Of 1,515 patients, 938 underwent coronary artery bypass graft or aortic valve replacement surgery alone and 577 underwent concurrent …

Quadricuspid Aortic Valve With Guarded Left Coronary Artery Ostium In An Infant With Myocardial Infarction, Anne Aurelie Tedga, Frank Pigula, Latasha Lewis, Thomas Richard Kimball

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

• Anatomical variations of the aortic valve include unicuspid, bicuspid, and quadricuspid.
• The bicuspid aortic valve is most common and affects 1%-2% of the general population.
• QAV is generally an isolated malformation, and adults most commonly present with AR.
• Coronary anomalies have been reported in up to 10% of patients with QAV.
• Prompt and accurate imaging will lead to corrective surgery.

Preexisting Depression And Ambulatory Status After Stroke: Florida-Puerto Rico Collaboration To Reduce Stroke Disparities, Amy K Starosciak, Kefeng Wang, Hao Ying, Kaushik Ravipati, Samantha Spring, Carolina M Gutierrez, Hannah Gardener, David Z Rose, Dianne Foster, Chuanhui Dong, Angus Jameson, Ayham Alkhachroum, Jose G Romano, Ralph L Sacco, Tatjana Rundek, Negar Asdaghi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a global public health burden, and therefore it is critical to identify modifiable risk factors to reduce stroke incidence and improve outcomes. Depression is such a risk factor; however, the association between preexisting depression and stroke outcomes, such as independent ambulation, is not well studied, especially among racial-ethnic minority groups. To address this gap in the literature, effects of preexisting depression on ambulatory status at hospital discharge after stroke were evaluated among individuals participating in the racially and ethnically diverse Florida-Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities project.

METHODS: Data were analyzed from a total of 42,031 …

Sex-Biased Autophagy As A Potential Mechanism Mediating Sex Differences In Ischemic Stroke Outcome, Brian Noh, Louise D Mccullough, Jose F Moruno-Manchon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide, and biological sex is an important determining factor in stroke incidence and pathology. From childhood through adulthood, men have a higher incidence of stroke compared with women. Abundant research has confirmed the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in determining sex differences in stroke. Autophagy is a self-degrading cellular process orchestrated by multiple core proteins, which leads to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and degradation of cargo after autophagy …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of New Multimodal Analgesia Regimen For Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Single-Center Clinical Study, Lin Jin, Yafen Liang, Ying Yu, Peng Miao, Yihao Huang, Liying Xu, Huilin Wang, Chunsheng Wang, Jiapeng Huang, Kefang Guo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of multimodal regimen by paracetamol, gabapentin, ketamine, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and sufentanil among cardiac surgery patients, and compare the analgesia efficacy with conventional sufentanil-based regimen.

DESIGN: A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

SETTING: One participating center, the cardiovascular center of the major integrated teaching hospital.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 115 patients were assessed for eligibility: 108 patients were randomized, 7 cases were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS: The control group (group T) received conventional anesthesia management. Interventions in the multimodal group (group M) were as follows in addition to the standard of care: gabapentin and acetaminophen 1 hour …

Robot-Assisted Resection Of Left Ventricular Papillary Fibroelastoma Arising From The Mitral Chordal Apparatus, Kyle G Mitchell, Blaz Podgorsek, Diego E Fiorito, Juan A Abreu, Danny Ramzy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The application of robot-assisted thoracoscopy to cardiac surgery affords an opportunity to leverage the exceptional intraoperative exposure, visualization, and dexterity of the robotic platform. Here, we report the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented to our institution for evaluation of a left ventricular mass that was identified following workup for an embolic event. We present an intraoperative video that provides technical details of the robot-assisted resection of the lesion, which was found to be a left ventricular papillary fibroelastoma arising from the mitral chordal apparatus. This case highlights the advantages provided by the robotic platform, which permitted complete, minimally …

Open Treatments For Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, Akiko Tanaka, Holly N Smith, Hazim J Safi, Anthony L Estrera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) represent a unique pathology that is associated with considerable mortality if untreated. While the advent of endovascular technologies has introduced new modalities for consideration, the mainstay of TAAA treatment remains open surgical repair. However, the optimal conduct of open TAAA repair requires careful consideration of patient risk factors and a collaborative team effort to mitigate the risk of perioperative complications. In this chapter, we briefly outline the history of treating TAAA, preoperative preparation and postoperative care, and our operative techniques for treatment.

Initial Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair Vs Medical Therapy For Acute Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection, E Hope Weissler, Oyomoare L Osazuwa-Peters, Melissa A Greiner, N Chantelle Hardy, Panagiotis Kougias, Sean M O'Brien, Daniel B Mark, W Schuyler Jones, Eric A Secemsky, Andrew M Vekstein, Sherene Shalhub, Firas F Mussa, Manesh R Patel, Sreekanth Vemulapalli

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has increasingly been used for uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD) despite limited supporting data.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether initial TEVAR following uTBAD is associated with reduced mortality or morbidity compared with medical therapy alone.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services inpatient claims data for adults aged 65 years or older with index admissions for acute uTBAD from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018, with follow-up available through December 31, 2019.

EXPOSURES: Initial TEVAR was defined as TEVAR within 30 days of admission for acute …

Good Outcome Associated With Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption And Lower Blood Pressure After Endovascular Therapy, Parth Upadhyaya, Amit Mehta, Marie Luby, Saeed Ansari, John K Lynch, Amie W Hsia, Lawrence L Latour, Yongwoo Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between post-endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption on MRI or CT and average systolic blood pressure (SBP) with favorable 90-day functional outcome. Observational studies have found elevated SBP associated with worse outcomes post-EVT, while recent randomized trials found no difference in targeted BP reduction. There may be a subgroup of patients who benefit from targeted BP reduction post-EVT.

METHODS: This is a single-center study of 1) anterior large vessel occlusion stroke patients treated with EVT from 2015 to 2021, 2) achieved mTICI grade 2b or 3. Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), …

More On The Magic Of Metformin, Efstratios Koutroumpakis, Claire Huang-Lucas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

A Case Of Biventricular Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Echocardiographic Diagnosis, Michiyo Yamano, Takeshi Nakamura, Tetsuhiro Yamano, Satoaki Matoba

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Of Acute Mortality In Emergency Department Patients Using Twelve-Lead Electrocardiogram, Po-Cheng Chang, Zhi-Yong Liu, Yu-Chang Huang, Yu-Chun Hsu, Jung-Sheng Chen, Ching-Heng Lin, Richard Tsai, Chung-Chuan Chou, Ming-Shien Wen, Hung-Ta Wo, Wen-Chen Lee, Hao-Tien Liu, Chun-Chieh Wang, Chang-Fu Kuo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The risk of mortality is relatively high among patients who visit the emergency department (ED), and stratifying patients at high risk can help improve medical care. This study aimed to create a machine-learning model that utilizes the standard 12-lead ECG to forecast acute mortality risk in ED patients.

METHODS: The database included patients who visited the EDs and underwent standard 12-lead ECG between October 2007 and December 2017. A convolutional neural network (CNN) ECG model was developed to classify survival and mortality using 12-lead ECG tracings acquired from 345,593 ED patients. For machine learning model development, the patients were …

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiographic Screening For Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction And Mortality Risk Prediction, Yu-Chang Huang, Yu-Chun Hsu, Zhi-Yong Liu, Ching-Heng Lin, Richard Tsai, Jung-Sheng Chen, Po-Cheng Chang, Hao-Tien Liu, Wen-Chen Lee, Hung-Ta Wo, Chung-Chuan Chou, Chun-Chieh Wang, Ming-Shien Wen, Chang-Fu Kuo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) characterized by a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is associated with adverse patient outcomes. We aimed to build a deep neural network (DNN)-based model using standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to screen for LVSD and stratify patient prognosis.

METHODS: This retrospective chart review study was conducted using data from consecutive adults who underwent ECG examinations at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between October 2007 and December 2019. DNN models were developed to recognize LVSD, defined as LVEF

RESULTS: The mean age of patients in the testing dataset was 63.7 ± 16.3 years (46.3% …

Endothelial Activation And Fibrotic Changes Are Impeded By Laminar Flow-Induced Chk1-Senp2 Activity Through Mechanisms Distinct From Endothelial-To-Mesenchymal Cell Transition, Minh T H Nguyen, Masaki Imanishi, Shengyu Li, Khanh Chau, Priyanka Banerjee, Loka Reddy Velatooru, Kyung Ae Ko, Venkata S K Samanthapudi, Young J Gi, Ling-Ling Lee, Rei J Abe, Elena Mcbeath, Anita Deswal, Steven H Lin, Nicolas L Palaskas, Robert Dantzer, Keigi Fujiwara, Mae K Borchrdt, Estefani Berrios Turcios, Elizabeth A Olmsted-Davis, Sivareddy Kotla, John P Cooke, Guangyu Wang, Jun-Ichi Abe, Nhat-Tu Le

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The deSUMOylase sentrin-specific isopeptidase 2 (SENP2) plays a crucial role in atheroprotection. However, the phosphorylation of SENP2 at T368 under disturbed flow (D-flow) conditions hinders its nuclear function and promotes endothelial cell (EC) activation. SUMOylation has been implicated in D-flow-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT), but the precise role of SENP2 in counteracting this process remains unclear.

METHOD: We developed a phospho-specific SENP2 S344 antibody and generated knock-in (KI) mice with a phospho-site mutation of SENP2 S344A using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We then investigated the effects of SENP2 S344 phosphorylation under two distinct flow patterns and during hypercholesteremia (HC)-mediated EC activation.

RESULT: …

Validity And Diagnostic Performance Of Computing Fractional Flow Reserve From 2-Dimensional Coronary Angiography Images, Vahid Mohammadi, Massoud Ghasemi, Reza Rahmani, Maryam Mehrpooya, Hamidreza Babakhani, Akbar Shafiee, Mohammad Sadeghian

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

BACKGROUND: Measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard for determining the physiologic significance of coronary artery stenosis, but newer software programs can calculate the FFR from 2-dimensional angiography images.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the records of patients with intermediate coronary stenoses who had undergone adenosine FFR (aFFR). To calculate the computed FFR, a software program used simulated coronary blood flow using computational geometry constructed using at least 2 patient-specific angiographic images. Two cardiologists reviewed the angiograms and determined the computational FFR independently. Intraobserver variability was measured using κ analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient. …

Cardiac Fibroma Presenting With Left Bundle Branch Block In An Adult With Gorlin Syndrome, Kumar Jatti, Ramya Dhandapani, Vishal Sharma, Balazs Ruzsics

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Control Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection By Mt1-Mmp-Mediated Shedding Of Ace2, Xuanming Guo, Jianli Cao, Jian-Piao Cai, Jiayan Wu, Jiangang Huang, Pallavi Asthana, Sheung Kin Ken Wong, Zi-Wei Ye, Susma Gurung, Yijing Zhang, Sheng Wang, Zening Wang, Xin Ge, Hiu Yee Kwan, Aiping Lyu, Kui Ming Chan, Nathalie Wong, Jiandong Huang, Zhongjun Zhou, Zhao-Xiang Bian, Shuofeng Yuan, Hoi Leong Xavier Wong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The full-length membrane form of ACE2 (memACE2) undergoes ectodomain shedding to generate a shed soluble form (solACE2) that mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Currently, it is not known how the physiological regulation of ACE2 shedding contributes to the etiology of COVID-19 in vivo. The present study identifies Membrane-type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) as a critical host protease for solACE2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to increased activation of MT1-MMP that is colocalized with ACE2 in human lung …

Total Transfemoral Percutaneous Endovascular Aortic Arch Repair Using 3-Vessel Inner Branch Stent-Graft, Emanuel R Tenorio, Thanila A Macedo, Laura Ocasio, Marina Dias Neto, Guilherme B Barbosa Lima, Aidin Baghbani-Oskouei, Anthony L Estrera, Abhijeet Dhoble, Shao Feng Zhou, Gustavo S Oderich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Endovascular repair has been introduced to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with open surgical repair of aortic arch pathology. We illustrate total percutaneous transfemoral approach with a 3-vessel inner branch stent-graft to treat aortic arch aneurysm. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).

A Unified Model Of Age-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Fossel, Joe Bean, Nina Khera, Mikhail G Kolonin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite progress in biomedical technologies, cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of mortality. This is at least in part because current clinical interventions do not adequately take into account aging as a driver and are hence aimed at suboptimal targets. To achieve progress, consideration needs to be given to the role of cell aging in disease pathogenesis. We propose a model unifying the fundamental processes underlying most age-associated cardiovascular pathologies. According to this model, cell aging, leading to cell senescence, is responsible for tissue changes leading to age-related cardiovascular disease. This process, occurring due to telomerase inactivation and telomere attrition, …